Multiple modality treatment has been adapted for the treatment of various cancers,the outcome has been dramatically improved,but some of unique side effects due to the modalities like chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy have been observed in the clinic. Radiation recall dermatitis(RRD) is one of the side effects. In this paper,the etiology,clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and related factors of the radiation recall dermatitis are discussed.

The link between micro- and macro-parameters for radiation interactions that take place in living biological systems is described in this paper. Meanwhile recent progress and development in microdosimetry and nanodosimetry are introduced, including the methods to measure and calculate these micro- or nano-parameters. The relationship between radiobiology and physical quantities in microdosimetry and nanodosimetry was presented. Both the current problems on their applications in radiation protection and radiotherapy and the future development direction are proposed.
Humans ; Physics ; Radiation Protection ; Radiobiology ; Radiometry

BACKGROUND: Some researches indicated that the acupuncture treatment, especially at Sanjiao meridian might be effective for otopathy. However, the mechanism is not clear yet.OBJECTIVE: To observe the hearing improvement of the cavies induced by gentamicin after the animals received the acupuncture at Sanjiao meridian acupoints: Yifeng (SJ 17), Ermen (SJ 21) and Zhongzhu (SJ 3).DESIGN: Complete randomization.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: Sixty healthy white male cavies of 3-4 months old, common grade, 250-300 g weight and normal auricle reflex were selected and randomly arranged into 5 groups: normal group, model group, acupuncture groups of Yifeng (SJ 17), Ermen (SJ 21) and Zhongzhu (SJ 3), with 12 ones in each.METHODS: The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January to July in 2001. ①The normal cavies were bred at normal conditions, while other cavies were injected intramuscularly with 80 mg/kg gentamicin every day, continuously for 20 days. At the same time of gentamicin injection, Yifeng (SJ 17), Ermen (SJ 21) and Zhongzhu (SJ 3) were selected for acupuncture treatment in the corresponding groups. The fixed cavies were pricked subcutaneously with 0.35 mm×25 mm stainless steel acupuncture needles for 10 mm straight depth. The needles were twisted with mild reinforcing-reducing method once in half a minute, repeated every 10 minutes, and remained for 30 minutes one day for 20 days.②Before and after the intervention, auditory brain-stem response (ABR) was detected with 7S11A evoked potential apparatus, in which the sound source was input by earphone for measuring the threshold value of ABR in cavies. ③The difference of measurement data were compared with t test between groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of acupuncture treatment at Yifeng (SJ 17), Ermen (SJ 21) and Zhongzhu (SJ 3) on the ABR threshold in cavies injured by gentamicin.RESULTS: Totally 60 cavies were involved in the result analysis. There was insignificant difference in the ABR threshold of each group before the intervention (P ＞ 0.05); After the intervention, the ABR threshold was obviously lower in normal group than in other 4 groups (P ＜ 0.01), and also obviously lower in 3 acupuncture groups than in model group (P＜ 0.01),and especially in Yifeng group than in model group.CONCLUSION: The acupuncture treatment at Ermen (SJ 21), Zhongzhu (SJ 3), and especially at Yifeng (SJ 17) acupoints can relieve the hearing impairment in the cavies due to drug toxicity.

Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; DNA ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; genetics ; Infant ; Iodine ; metabolism ; Male ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sodium ; metabolism ; Symporters ; genetics

Objective To investigate the renal protection of Chinese cobra venoms (CCV) and its mechanism in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. 0.1% CCV was separately infused into abdominal cavity at 0.5 h, 24 h before reperfusion in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ . Group Ⅲ suffered from kidney I/R was served as pathological control. Group Ⅳ was sham operation group. BUN and Scr were measured before ischemia and 24 h after reperfusion. Complement C3 was observed at 0, 0.5, 2, 24 h after reperfusion. The kidney samples were examined by HE stain under light microscopy. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin in situ nick-end labeling(TUNEL). Results Significant histological damage, apoptosis of tubular cell and impaired renal function were found in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ.The above indexes decreased to a less extend in group Ⅱ (P

Objective　To study the indication, contraindication and short-term clinical effects of stereotactic radiotherapy (X-knife) in lung cancer. Methods　A total of 56 cases (Treatment group) of lung cancer were treated with X-knife composing of the modern 3-D treatment planning system and the stereotactic body frame, and SL-75 accelerator. And another 53 cases only treated with routine external radiation served as the control. In treatment group, 42 cases received 50 Gy radiation, at 2 Gy per day, 5 d per week in the upper mediastinum, hilus of lung, below the primary focus first and then underwent X-knife for the primary focuses, and other 14 recurrent and metastatic cases received irradiation of 8-12 Gy per day, 5 d by X-knife alone. Results　The actually reexamination rate for 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after X-knife treatment in 78 focuses from 56 cases was 79.5% (62/78), 89.8% (70/78), 87.2% (68/78) and 78.2% (61/78) respectively. The focuses reappeared in 3 months after the treatment and the growth rates of focus in 3, 6, and 12 month after the treatment were 2.6% (2/78), 5.1% and 9% (7/78) respectively. There were 2 focuses received a second treatment with X-knife because no change after the first one. Both the 1-and 2-year survival rates of 36 cases of the primary lung cancer in the treatment group were higher than that of control group (89.1%, 53.9% and 77.4%, 39.6%). Conclusion　The stereotactic radiotherapy is of applicable and prospective in the treatment of lung cancer. The indications include: ①As a boost dose in case when primary focus is less than 5 cm after the first external radiotherapy may reduce the exposure of lung tissue to x-ray and the occurrence of radiation pneumonia; ②Treatment for the recurrence after radiotherapy and operation; ③Radical treatment for the metastatic focus less than 5 cm. Attention must be paid to when multiple treatment is carried on the volume of the focus, the Karnofsky scores and the general condition when stereotactic radiotherapy combined with X-knife for lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the role of glucagon peptide-1(GLP-1) in blood pressure variability (BPV) in diabetic hypertensive patients. Methods A total of 120 diabetic hypertensive patients were included in this study. GLP-1 was used for the treatment. The values of body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, creatine and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring were detected before and after treatment with GLP-1 for six months. The clinical indices were compared before and after treatment. Results The values of fasting blood glucose (mmol/L:7.12± 0.64 vs 9.19±2.78), glycosylated hemoglobin (%:7.00±0.14 vs 8.28±1.32) and BMI (kg/m2:19.30±3.24 vs 24.5±4.53 ) were de-creased to the normal level after GLP-1 treatment for six months (P<0.05). There were significant decrease in the 24-h sys-tolic BP (mmHg:135.02 ± 16.57 vs 139.52 ± 15.60), daytime systolic BP (mmHg:132.5 ± 14.6 vs 136.44 ± 14.24), 24-h systolic BP variability (mmHg:12.20 ± 1.44 vs 12.73 ± 1.66), daytime systolic BP variability (mmHg:11.11 ± 1.48 vs 11.74 ± 1.52 ), and daytime diastolic BP variability (mmHg:7.03±1.42 vs 7.43±1.45) after GLP-1 treatment for six months (P<0.05). Conclu-sion GLP-1 can decrease BPV in diabetic hypertensive patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of multi-slice CT(MSCT) reconstruction in the diagnosis of intracranial foreign bodies.MethodsMSCT scans were performed in 16 patients with intracranial foreign bodies. The volumetric data were reconstructed in the workstation. 5 patients were detected by CT angiography (CTA) examination. Imaging results were then compared with findings found during surgery.Results11 foreign bodies located in one brain lobe, 3 passed two brain lobes, 2 located in ventricle. Among them, 6 cases were closed to parietal including 2 cases closed to cerebral arterial circle. 14 patients were operated and extirpated 18 foreign bodies. Compared with surgical findings, the orientative accuracy of reconstruction imaging was 100%, qualitative accuracy was 85.7%.ConclusionMSCT reconstruction may display the intracranial foreign bodies from multi-angles. It is propitious to know the characteristics, location and whole shape of the foreign bodies for the surgeon before the operation, accordingly to make a best operation project.

Objective To establish a real‐time quantitative PCR method for the detection of cytokine receptor‐like factor 2 (CRLF2) expression .Methods Specific primers amplification target gene CRLF2 and housekeeping genes ABL were designed ,the purified PCR products were performed the TA cloning .After bacterial colony PCR screening and sequencing ,then the recombinant plasmids DNA was extracted and measured by using UV spectrophotometer and converted to copies/mL concentration .Finally it was diluted for preparing the plasmid standard substance ,then the standard curve was drawn for observing the sensitivity and linear rang ,meanwhile the stability of the plasmid DNA was evaluated .This method was initially applied to detect the CRLF2 level of bone marrow mononuclear cells in 10 cases of healthy children and 10 cases of newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) .Results CRLF2 PCR product had a single specific melting curve;the linear detection range of the standard substance was 103 - 108 copies /ml;the plasmid standard substance by freeze‐thawing for 3 times remained stable;the CRLF2 level of clinical sample was within the linear detection range of standard substance .Conclusion The real‐time quantitative PCR method for CRLF2 established by our laboratory has good specificity ,linearity range and stability ,which can be applied to the quantitative detection of CRLF2 gene in clinical ALL children .

Objective To develop national norms of nursing soft skills, and provide a basis for the evaluation of the nursing soft skills for new nurses.Methods With the stratified cluster sampling, 2816 new nurses were choosed from across China, and nursing soft skills evaluation scale was used to investigate.The general descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of sample data were done.Results Developed the total national norms of nursing soft skills for new nurses ( the total soft skills was 150.31 ± 15.47,interpersonal skills was 28.28 ± 3.75, organizational management was 33.74 ± 4.10, self-management was 37.50 ±4.58 ,career sentiment was 28.10 ±3.52 ,cognitive kills was 22.70 ±3.11 ) and established a T-rough and percentiles-rough score conversion tables.The level of nursing soft skills of new nurses was divided into five levels: T-score ＜ 30 was poor for the soft skill, T-score at the 30 to 39 for the somewhat less, T-score at the 40 to 59 for the general level, T-score at 60 to 69 for good,T-score ≥ 70 for the best.Conclusion These norms can be used as evaluating standards of nursing soft skills for new nurses.