Objective: To understand the hydration status and related factors of rural boarding primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for drinking water health intervention for primary school students. Methods: In November 2023, a convenience sampling approach was employed to conduct a hydration status survey among 144 boarding students in grades 5 and 6 of a rural primary school in Guangxi. The Duplicate meal method and weighing method were utilized to measure the food derived water intake over three consecutive days. Urine osmolarity of students was measured on site for three days, and a simple physical examination was also carried out. A self administered questionnaire was used to investigate students drinking water literacy, daily water intake, and physical activity levels. Meanwhile, a drinking water literacy survey was conducted among 21 substitute teachers and 144 parents of the boarding students in grades 5 and 6. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with students hydration status. Results: The median daily total water intake of students was 2 043.55 mL, and 54.86% of the students did not reach the recommended Adequate Intake (AI). The median food derived water intake was 1 149.24 mL, accounting for 53.94% of the total water intake. Univariate analysis revealed that the daily drinking frequency, daily water intake, and food derived water intake of students were related factors of hydration status ( β =-1.60, -1.01, -0.00, all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students with a daily drinking frequency of ≥7 times were more likely to maintain an adequate hydration status ( OR =0.28, 95% CI =0.09-0.93, P ＜0.05). Conclusions The water intake from food is the main source of water in the body for boarding primary school students in a certain rural school in Guangxi. Primary school students should increase their water intake frequency appropriately to maintain an adequate hydration status.

BackgroundThe violent aggressive behaviors of patients with schizophrenia usually have the characteristics of suddenness， unpredictability， high severity， and great difficulty in prevention. Early identification and accurate assessment of their risk of violent aggression have significant clinical significance. ObjectiveTo construct a predictive model for the violence risk in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia， to identify the key factors influencing the occurrence of violent behavior in these patients， so as to provide references for clinical precise quantitative assessment and early intervention. MethodsA total of 200 patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized at Taiyuan Psychiatric Hospital from March 2022 to September 2024 and met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， eleventh edition （ICD-11） were collected to form the modeling cohort. They were randomly divided into a training set （n=140） and a test set （n=60） at a ratio of 7∶3. Based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression algorithm， the feature variables were screened and dimension-reduced. The support vector machine （SVM） from machine learning was selected for model training and prediction. The discrimination efficacy of the model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve （AUC）， accuracy， precision， sensitivity， specificity， F1 value， and Brier value. ResultsLASSO regression screening identified 16 feature variables. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between prior violent behavior frequency and clinical psychiatric symptom scores （r=0.580， P<0.01）， a positive correlation between hospitalization compliance and current disease status （r=0.550， P=0.003）， and a positive correlation between educational level and family per capita monthly income （r=0.367， P<0.01）. The SVM model achieved an AUC of 0.853， accuracy of 0.800， precision of 0.810， sensitivity of 0.895， specificity of 0.636， F1 value of 0.850， and Brier value of 0.168. ConclusionThe SVM model has a relatively high level of applicability and overall predictive performance in the assessment of violent risk in schizophrenia patients， which is helpful for the early identification of violent risks in such patients. ［Funded by Specialized Research Project for Enhancing the Competence of Health Professionals in Taiyuan City （number， Y2023006）］

Objective: To investigate the associations between childhood obesity and performance of six minute walk test (6MWT), providing evidence for exercise tolerance assessment and exercise intervention strategies for children and adolescents. Methods: From March 2021 to December 2023, a cohort study was conducted among students recruited from a primary and secondary school in Chongqing, a total of 709 valid samples were included. The 6MWT was used to assess exercise tolerance, with vital signs measured before and after the test. Anthropometric indicators, including height, weight, and waist circumference, were measured using standardized procedures. Generalized additive models (GAM) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were employed to analyze the nonlinear relationships between obesity related indicators and six minute walk distance (6MWD). Results: The mean 6MWD of participants was (602.59±70.73)m. GAM showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, body mass index (BMI) and weight had non linear relationships with 6MWD [effective degrees of freedom were 1.55 and 7.13 respectively], and overweight/obesity was associated with a decrease in 6MWD ( β =-18.65) (all P <0.01). Further RCS regression analysis showed that both BMI and weight showed an "inverted U shaped" non linear relationship with 6MWD in the overall population and sex stratified subgroups; the 6MWD of females was lower than that of males, and it showed a significant downward trend with the increase of BMI or weight (all P <0.05). Conclusion Body weight and BMI in children and adolescents have an important impact on 6MWD, and obesity in children and adolescents is markedly associated with decline in exercise tolerance.

Objective: To validate the performance of the Procleix UltrioPlex E assay (Grifols, Spain) on the Procleix Panther automated nucleic acid detection platform, which employs the TMA method to simultaneously detect HIV-1/HIV-2/HCV/HBV/HEV viruses, and to evaluate its value for screening transfusion-associated infectious diseases. Methods: In accordance with the requirements of ISO15189"Application of the Guidelines for the Accreditation of Quality and Capabilities of Medical Laboratories in the Field of Molecular Diagnostics (CNAS-CL02-A009: 2018)", "Guidelines for Performance Validation of Molecular Diagnostic Testing Procedures (CNAS-GL039: 2019)", and the "Technical Operating Procedures for Blood Banks (2019 Edition)", this study validated the reagent's performance in terms of analytical sensitivity validation, performance consistency validation, interference resistance, and cross-contamination resistance. Results: Probit analysis revealed that the 95% detection limits (95% confidence interval) for HBV, HCV, HIV, and HEV were 2.0 IU/mL, 1.5 IU/mL, 18.0 IU/mL and 3.7 IU/mL, respectively, which were consistent with the minimum detection limits stated in the kit's package insert and were comparable to the Procleix Ultrio Elite kit. Both kits were used to test the performance validation serum plate simultaneously, yielding results consistent with the serum plate (Kappa=1), indicating stable performance. Detection of medium-and low-concentration lipemia and weakly positive hemolysis samples demonstrated good interference resistance. Cross-contamination performance validation showed that the kit exhibited excellent cross-contamination resistance. Conclusion: The Procleix UltrioPlex E nucleic acid detection kit enables combined detection of HIV-1, HIV-2, HCV, HBV, and HEV, allowing single-test screening for multiple viruses in donor blood. The kit's analytical performance is stable and meets basic laboratory requirements, making it suitable for screening transfusion-associated infectious diseases in blood banks.

Da Qinjiaotang is the 54^th formula of the 100 formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （the first batch） ，and it originated from the Collection of Writings on the Mechanism of Disease， Suitability of Qi， and Safeguarding of Life Discussed in Plain Questions. Da Qinjiaotang is composed of Gentiana macrophylla， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Ligusticum chuanxiong， Angelica sinensis， Paeonia lactiflora， Asari Radix et Rhizoma， Notopterygium incisum， Saposhnikoviae Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Gypsum， Angelica dahurica， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Rehmanniae Radix， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Poria， and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. It is a classical formula for treating strokes. Da Qinjiaotang is widely used in modern clinical practices for treating ischemic stroke， peripheral facial paralysis， cervical spondylosis， rheumatic arthritis， neurodermatitis， and other multisystem diseases. Therefore， following the Principles of Textual Research on the Key Information of Ancient Classical Famous Formulas， the authors collected the ancient Chinese medical literature of Da Qinjiaotang by the method of bibliometrics and screened out 177 valid data， involving 100 ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the historical evolution， composition， dosage， method of preparation， and preparation of the original medicinal materials of Da Qinjiaotang， a systematic study was carried out. It was found that among the 175 records of the main diseases and syndromes， stroke （144） was the most， accounting for 82.29% of the total diseases and syndromes. Later generations mostly followed the practice of LIU Wansu in using Da Qinjiaotang to treat stroke caused by "weak blood and inability to nourish tendon"， featuring "hands and feet cannot move， stiff tongue hinders speaking"， as well as other symptoms， such as slant of the mouth， hemiplegia， numbness of the limbs， paroxysmal pain， and acerbic syncope. The treatment scope was expanded， covering tendon dryness， clonic convulsion， spasm syndrome， and arthralgia syndrome. At the same time， it was found that there was a controversy between "internal wind" and "external wind" in the treatment of stroke by Da Qinjiaotang. LIU Wansu thought that stroke was caused by internal factors， created the theory of "hot stroke"， and used Da Qinjiaotang to treat "internal wind". Many doctors in later generations focused on treating the "external wind" of "internal deficiency and evil". There were 76 valid data on the composition of drugs， 59 of which had doses for each drug. It was suggested to use the modern conversion dosage of the original formula， with 41.30 g per dose. The drug should be boiled in 600 mL water until 300 mL， decocted once， and taken in a warm state after removing the dregs anytime. Through the analysis and study of the ancient books about Da Qinjiaotang， the paper clarified its historical evolution and confirmed its key information， so as to provide the ancient literature evidence for the research and development of the classical famous formula Daqinjiaotan and its better clinical application.

Da Qinjiaotang is the 54^th formula of the 100 formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （the first batch） ，and it originated from the Collection of Writings on the Mechanism of Disease， Suitability of Qi， and Safeguarding of Life Discussed in Plain Questions. Da Qinjiaotang is composed of Gentiana macrophylla， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Ligusticum chuanxiong， Angelica sinensis， Paeonia lactiflora， Asari Radix et Rhizoma， Notopterygium incisum， Saposhnikoviae Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Gypsum， Angelica dahurica， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Rehmanniae Radix， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Poria， and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. It is a classical formula for treating strokes. Da Qinjiaotang is widely used in modern clinical practices for treating ischemic stroke， peripheral facial paralysis， cervical spondylosis， rheumatic arthritis， neurodermatitis， and other multisystem diseases. Therefore， following the Principles of Textual Research on the Key Information of Ancient Classical Famous Formulas， the authors collected the ancient Chinese medical literature of Da Qinjiaotang by the method of bibliometrics and screened out 177 valid data， involving 100 ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the historical evolution， composition， dosage， method of preparation， and preparation of the original medicinal materials of Da Qinjiaotang， a systematic study was carried out. It was found that among the 175 records of the main diseases and syndromes， stroke （144） was the most， accounting for 82.29% of the total diseases and syndromes. Later generations mostly followed the practice of LIU Wansu in using Da Qinjiaotang to treat stroke caused by "weak blood and inability to nourish tendon"， featuring "hands and feet cannot move， stiff tongue hinders speaking"， as well as other symptoms， such as slant of the mouth， hemiplegia， numbness of the limbs， paroxysmal pain， and acerbic syncope. The treatment scope was expanded， covering tendon dryness， clonic convulsion， spasm syndrome， and arthralgia syndrome. At the same time， it was found that there was a controversy between "internal wind" and "external wind" in the treatment of stroke by Da Qinjiaotang. LIU Wansu thought that stroke was caused by internal factors， created the theory of "hot stroke"， and used Da Qinjiaotang to treat "internal wind". Many doctors in later generations focused on treating the "external wind" of "internal deficiency and evil". There were 76 valid data on the composition of drugs， 59 of which had doses for each drug. It was suggested to use the modern conversion dosage of the original formula， with 41.30 g per dose. The drug should be boiled in 600 mL water until 300 mL， decocted once， and taken in a warm state after removing the dregs anytime. Through the analysis and study of the ancient books about Da Qinjiaotang， the paper clarified its historical evolution and confirmed its key information， so as to provide the ancient literature evidence for the research and development of the classical famous formula Daqinjiaotan and its better clinical application.

Objective To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of complicated intra-abdominal infection in ICU patients after abdominal surgery.Methods A retrospective study was performed on ICU patients(n=92,observation group)developing complicated intra-abdominal infection after abdominal surgery versus patients(n=104,control group)without complicated intra-abdominal infection after abdominal surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2023.The characteristics of patients who developed complicated intra-abdominal infections were analyzed and the relevant influencing factors were identified using multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 124 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified in 92 infected patients,with 64.52％(80/124)of Gram-negative strains comprising mainly 29.03％(36/124)of Escherichia coli,25.81％(32/124)of Gram-positive strains comprising mainly 12.90％(16/124)of Enterococcus faecalis,and 9.68％(12/124)of fungi comprising mainly 6.45％(8/124)of Candida albicans.Multivariate Logistic regression results showed that preoperative underlying disease,surgical methods,duration of surgery,invasive procedures,antibiotic use,and length of ICU stay,enteral nutrition were the influencing factors of complicated intra-abdominal infection in ICU patients after abdominal surgery(P＜0.0 5).Conclusion Patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection are infected with a variety of pathogenic bacteria,predominantly Gram-negative.The patient's preoperative underlying disease,surgical approach,duration of surgery,invasive procedures,use of antibiotics,length of ICU stay,and early enteral nutrition all affect the risk of complicated intra-abdominal infection in ICU patients after abdominal surgery.

Chronic diseases constitute one of the most significant public health challenges globally.Addressing the coexistence of chronic conditions and fostering the development of positive adaptive behaviors is of utmost importance in enhancing self-management skills and healthcare outcomes.Selecting an appropriate theoretical model can offer valuable research insights and a robust framework for anticipating and intervening in patients' adaptive behaviors. Therefore, this paper summarizes the application of theoretical models pertinent to adaptive behaviors in patients with chronic diseases. It conducts a thorough analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each theoretical model, considering aspects such as theoretical development, target application population, nursing interventions, and effect evaluation. Additionally, it proposes future prospects for the application of these models.In order to enhance awareness of disease adaptive behaviors and provide valuable insights for promoting the development and implementation of comprehensive health lifecycle care plans for chronic diseases.

Objective:To investigate the impacts of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (VD) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on intestinal flora in animals with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and their possible mechanisms. Methods:A methionine- choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced rat model of MAFLD was created. Forty 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into methionine-choline-sufficient (MCS) group, MCD group, VD group, LP group, and VD-LP group, with 8 rats in each group. The intervention groups (VD group, LP group, and VD-LP group) were gastrically fed with VD peanut oil solution (6 ng/100 g daily), Lactobacillus plantarum solution (2×10 9CFU/100 g daily), and a combination of these two solutions, respectively. MCS group, MCD group, and LP group were given the same volume of peanut oil on a daily basis. Fecal samples from rats were collected at week 4 and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for fecal flora structure. Portal vein blood samples were collected to detect liver biochemistry and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Pathological changes in liver and terminal ileum tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results:Compared with the MCS group, the MCD group exhibited massive steatosis and lipid infiltration in liver tissues, markedly thinned ileum mucosa, severely damaged villi structure, excessive necrotic and shedding of epithelial cells, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Compared with the histopathological changes in the MCD group, the steatosis and lipid infiltration of liver tissue, the damage to the ileal mucosa structure and epithelial cells, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were alleviated in the VD group, LP group, and VD-LP group. Compared with MCS group, the MCD group had significantly higher serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (158.50±14.03 U/L vs. 20.38±7.39 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (43.88±11.36 U/L vs. 25.75±5.90 U/L), total bile acid (TBA) (140.60±11.77 μmol/L vs. 19.96±4.31 μmol/L), and LPS (16.57±1.19 pg/ml vs. 7.43±0.95 pg/ml) (All P<0.001),which confirmed the successful establishment of rat models of MAFLD. Serum ALT, AST, TBA, and LPS levels in all the three intervention groups were significantly lower than those in MCD group, and the most significant reductions in ALT (51.38±9.05 U/L vs. 158.50±14.03 U/L), AST (55.88±12.19 U/L vs. 143.88±11.36 U/L), TBA (21.00±8.17 μmol/L vs. 140.60±11.77 μmol/L), and LPS (9.72±0.71 pg/ml vs. 16.57±1.19 pg/ml) were seen in the VD-LP group. The microbiota in the MCD group predominantly featured Muribaculaceae, while the MCS group and other intervention groups primarily harbored Lactobacillus. Firmicutes and Lactobacillus were significantly decreased in the MCD group ,while Bacteroidete, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides, and Enterococcus increased significantly. The opposite was true for each intervention group. There were significant differences in Lactobacillus between MCD group and the other four groups. Conclusion:VD and LP can remarkably improve lipid deposition in MAFLD by regulating intestinal flora.

Purpose To investigate the expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)in placental tissues of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and its role in lipid deposition in the placental trophoblast.Methods The pla-centa tissues of 16 GDM pregnant women and 25 women with normal glucose tolerance(NGT)were collected.Mean-while,in vitro models of high-glucose induced human chorionic trophoblast cells(HTR-8/SVneo)were established,which were divided into normal glucose control group(NG),high glucose group(HG),high glucose+si nonsense in-terference group(HG+siNC)and high glucose+TXNIP siRNA group(HG+siTXNIP).The pathological structure and morphological changes of placenta were observed by HE staining.Lipid droplet formation was detected by oil red O staining.The expression and localization of TXNIP in cells were detected by immunocytochemical EnVision method.The mRNA and protein expression levels of TXNIP and lipogenic protein SREBP1 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot.The relationships between TXNIP expression and lipid droplet accumulation in-duced by high glucose was analyzed.Results High glucose results in abnormal placental structure of GDM.The area of human chorionic intervillous tissue in placenta of GDM group was decreased,the size of fetal capillaries was different and the lumen was dilated.Compared with those NGT group,the accumulation of lipid droplets and the expression of TXNIP mRNA and protein in placental tissue of GDM were increased(P＜0.05).The TXNIP and SREBP1 were up-regulated and the formation of droplets increased in high glucose induced HTR-8/SVneo cells(P＜0.05).On the con-trary,TXNIP siRNA transfection reversed the gene expression level and lipid deposition in high glucose induced cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion TXNIP is involved in abnormal lipid deposition in the placental trophoblast of GDM.