OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on expression of interleu?kin-6 (IL-6) in human macrophages and explore its pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic mecha?nisms. METHODS Murine U937 macrophages were cultured and stimulated with 0.01-10μmol·L-1 of NE for 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h. The IL-6 mRNA level of 24 h was analyzed by RT-PCR, and IL-6 protein expression in the supernatant at 0, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h was detected by ELISA. After 24 h, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was observed by DCF fluorescence. The cells were pretreated with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), complexⅡinhibitor thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TIFA) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) for 1 h, and stimulated with different concentrations of NE for 24 h, before the level of IL-6 protein was detected by ELISA. RESULTS The expression of IL-6 mRNA and protein increased with the concentration NE 0.01-10 μmol · L-1 and incubation time. IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in macrophages were 2.62 and 4.47-fold those in cell control group when treated with NE 1.0μmol·L-1 for 24 h. Meanwhile, as the concentration of NE increased, the generation of ROS was 1.87, 2.56, 2.91 and 5.36-fold that of cell control group (P<0.01). NAC 10 mmol · L-1 and DPI 10 μmol · L-1 significantly antagonized the effect of NE on IL-6 expression, but TIFA had no effect. CONCLUSION NE upregulates IL-6 expression, which may contribute to the formation and develop?ment of atherosclerosis via ROS mediated by NADPH oxidase in macrophages.

Objective In order to study the relationship between the platelet activation sign:P-selectin(GMP 140 ) expression and human IgA nephropathy.Methods Expression of platelet membrane glucoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa(GP Ⅱb ,GP Ⅲa ) in blood for IgA nephropathy patients(n=46) was investigated by flow cytometry methods.Results In IgA nephropathy the up-regulated GMP 140 expression in blood was significantly higher than that in normal humans.Conclusions GMP 140 might play an important role in pathogenesis of IgA nephropahty,and the level of GMP 140 in blood might predict renal outcome in IgA nephropathy.

Objective:To access the feasibility and safety of application of flexible laryngeal mask air-way ( FLMA) in oral&maxillofacial day surgery. Methods:Retrospective study was conducted of 40 oral& maxillofacial day surgery patients (3 to 61 years of age) using FLMA under general anaesthesia in De-partment of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. All the patients were with American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) physical status Ⅰ -Ⅱ, including 19 males and 21 females. The patients' vital signs were recorded at five different time points:baseline before anesthesia ( T0 ) , time right after the FLMA insertion ( T1 ) , time at incision ( T2 ) , 15 min after incision ( T3 ) and time at the end of the operation ( T4 ) . The first attempted FLMA insertion successful rate and the number of timed of changing to endotracheal intubation were recorded. During operation, frequencies of movement, hypoxia and obstruction of airway were noted and the operation time, anesthesia time, time from the end of the operation to extubation, movement and coughing following extubation and sore throat within 24 h were taken down. Operation-related complications of bleeding, hematoma and injury of local nerves were recorded within 24 h as well. Results:The operations of all the 40 patients were successfully done under general anaesthesia. The 36 ( 90%, 36/40 ) patients using FLMA successfully were under steady process, including 16 males and 20 females. The first attempted successful rate of FLMA insertion was 80% (32/40), and the second 50% (4/8). Three out of the 4 failed FLMA patients were changed to endotracheal intubation after the second attempt failed. The other patient was changed to endotracheal intubation before operation because of leak. The average operation time was (46. 58 ± 22. 57) min, the anesthesia time was ( 77 . 97 ± 26 . 82 ) min and the time from the end of operation to extubation was (8. 31 ± 3. 33) min. All the patients were recorded without obvious body movement during the operation procedure. There were 4 patients (11. 11%, 4/36) with slight body movement during extubation. The incidence of sore throat was 13. 89% (5/36) within 24 h postoperatively. There were no complications of bleeding, hematoma and injury of local nerves. The vital signs of baseline T0 were significantly different from those at other time points T1, T2, T3, and T4 (P<0. 01). As to the hearts rate after anesthesia, the values at T1, T2, T3 and T4 for two-two comparison, there was no statistical difference (P>0. 05). As to the values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after anesthesia at T1 and T4 , T2 and T3, for two-two comparison, there was no statistical difference (P>0. 05). As to the respiratory rate from the start of the surgery, the values at T2, T3 and T4 showed no statistical difference (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Flexible laryngeal mask airway is a supraglottic airway management method. It is suitable and safe for securing the airway in oral & maxillofacial day surgery. The advantages of fewer haemody-namic changes and postoperative complications are confirmed.

Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide(N2O) on the cuff pressure of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway(PLMA) in pediatric anesthesia. Methods Thirty-two pediatic patients were enrolled and divided into two groups randomly.PLMA cuffs were inflated with air(Group A) or 50% N2O/oxyen(Group N) to 20 mmHg as initial pressure.The intracuff pressure was monitored during anesthesia with 50% N2O in oxygen. Results Intracuff pressure increased to(40.6?9.3) mmHg in Group A and slightly decreased in Group N.Deflation volume in Group A was much more than that in Group N[(4.4?2.3) mL vs(2.6?1.0) mL,P

Objective To investigate the dynamic distribution changes of fungi responsible for the deep infection and antifungal susceptibility to provide a basis for the empirical antifungal treatment.Methods Medical records were reviewed from cases suspectedof deep fungal infection at our hospital from January 1998 to December 2004.3122 isolates of 13 species were analyzed with SPSSll.0.Etest was used for the antifungal susceptibility test.Results Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated organism,while the prevalence of Candida albicans decreased(76.3% vs 66.8%,x~2=34.33,P

To investigate the effects of Naoerkang (NEK), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on the expressions of beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Abeta(1-42)) and neprilysin (NEP) in hippocampal tissues in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

In this study, the psbA-trnH sequence as DNA barcode was used to evaluate the accuracy and stability for identification pteridophyte medicinal material Pyrrosiae Foliumas from adulterants. Genomic DNA from 106 samples were extracted successfully. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances and ML tree were calculated using software MEGA 6.0. The intra-specific genetic distances of 3 original plants were lower than inter-specific genetic distances of adulterants. The ML tree indicated that Pyrrosiae Folium can be distinguished from its adulterants obviously. Therefore, the psbA-trnH sequence as a barcode of the pteridophyte, can accurately and stably distinguish Pyrrosiae Folium from its adulterants.
Base Sequence ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Ferns ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Quality Control

Objective To construct the recombinant adeno-associated virus vector(rAAV) expressing the human tissue kallikrein(HK)gene and to detect the expression of interested gene in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)which were infected with different titers of rAAV. Methods The HK gene was cloned into the pAAV-MCS and co-transfected AAV-293 cells with other two plasmids(the pAAV-RC,and pHelper)by lipofectamine.The recombinant AAV(rAAV HK)particles was harvested and its viral titer was measured.HUVEC were infected with different titers of rAAV-HK particles.Seventy-two hours later,the expression of the interested gene was detected by RT-PCR and ELISA.Results The AAV expression system of human tissue kallikrein gene was successfully constructed.The viral titer of recombinant AAV reached 6.2?10~7 particles/ml. When compared with the control group,the transcription of HK gene in the group which was infected with rAAV-HK increased significantly[(0.59?0.12)vs(0.26?0.05)(P＜0.05)],and the expression of HK in the HUVEC was three times more than that in the control[(120.1?40.9)vs (30.8?12.8)](P＜0.001).The transcription of eNOSmRNA in the infected HUVEC was higher than that of the control[(1.19?0.28)vs(0.66?0.11)](P＜0.05).The transcription of caspase-3 mRNA was lower than that of the control[(0.30?0.25)vs(0.67?0.27)](P＜0.05).And there was no obvious variation happened in the transcription of VEGF,ET-1,TR-B,bradykinin B1 receptor and Bradykinin B2 receptor.Conclusions When co-transfected AAV-293 cells with three plasmids (pAAV-HK,pAAV-RC,pHelper),the HK gene expression is significantly and stably increased. Introducing HK gene into HUVEC can improve endothelial transfection efficiency.

Objective Laboratory tests of yeast, with their disadvantages of long identification, complicated operation, and low positive rate, cannot meet the needsof rapid diagnosis and timely treatment.This studyinvestigated the feasibility ofapplying matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS) in rapid identification and clinical isolationof yeast strains. Methods A total of 120 clinical non-repetitive isolates were collected from clinical culture samples and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and VITEK 2-Compact/API, respectively.The discordant results were resolved by ITS gene sequencing. Results Of the 120 yeast isolates analyzed, 117 (97.5%) were correctly identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF-MS, 1(0.8%) misidenti-fied, and 2 ( 1.7%) unidentified.ITS gene sequencing of the 3 isolates showed the coincidence rate to be 0( 0/3) for MALDI-TOF-MS and Vitek 2-Compact/API. Conclusion MALDI-TOF-MScan be used as a rapid, accurate, and inexpensive tool for the identification of clinical yeast strains.