A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC ? MS/MS) method was established to determine 2-oxo-clopidogrel, a crucial intermediate metabolite in human plasma. A chromatographic separation was performed on a Sapphire C18 column following a liquid–liquid extraction sample preparation with methyl t-butyl ether. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The method was validated in terms of specificity, accuracy, precision and limit of quantification. The calibration curves ranged from 0.50 to 50.0 ng/mL with good linearity. The stability was fully validated with addition of 1,4-dithio-DL-threitol (DTT) into the plasma sample prior to and in the preparation procedure. The validated method was proved to be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic study after single oral administration of 75 mg clopidogrel tablets in human subjects, which could make contribution to intensive study of the clinical drug–drug interactions of clopidogrel and individual treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical value of combined detection of serum CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells for advanced gastric cancer (AGC).Methods Serum levels of CI4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells were measured by flow cytometry and compared in 20 patients with AGC (experimental group) and 20 healthy adults (control group).Also,serum levels of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells were measured by flow cytometry and compared before and after surgical treatment in the patients of experimental group.Results The serum levels of CD4 + T cells were decreased and CD8 + T cells were increased in patients with AGC.However,the serum levels of CD4 +T cells were increased and CD8 +T cells were decreased after surgical treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The serum levels of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cell help to assess the immune status of patients with AGC,which contributes to the illness monitoring for AGC.

Osteoporotic spinal fractures is a serious orthopedic chronic disease in the healthy elder people .Because of the complexity of its pathogenesis , there has no standard treatment scheme .In order to solve this problem , we review the mechanism of the disease etiology, imaging, treatment, prevention of osteoporotic spinal fractures to provide references for the further prevention and con -trol of this disease .

Objective:To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) in mandibular condylar chondrocytes after the condylar cartilage was stimulated by compressive stress.Methods:20 condylar cartilage samples were obtained from 10 new borne SD rats and cultured for 24 h.Then,10 samples were treated by a static compressive stress with a magnitude of 10 kPa for 1 h.Another 10 samples without stress treatment were used as the controls. At end of stress stimulation, the expression of TGF-?1 in the samples of both groups was examined by immunohistochemistry and image pattern analysis.Results:The grayscale values of TGF-?1 in perichondrium lay of stress treated and control samples were 159.21?19.84 and 174.20?14.47(P

Objective To compare iso-osmolar iodixanol and low-osmolar iohexol for the incidence of contrast- induced nephropathy(CIN) in patients with chronic congestive heart failure undergoing coronary interventional therapy. Methods The study included 220 consecutive patients with chronic congestive heart failure and undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) with or without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) bewteen Janurary 2015 and May 2016. Study participants were divided into two groups by random digits table:iso-osmolar group (110 patients) and low-osmolar group (110 patients). The patients in iso-osmolar group were given iodixanol, and the patients in low-osmolar group were given iohexol. Serum creatinine (SCr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cystatin C (CysC) were detected before the procedure and on the first, third day after the procedure. Then, the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in two groups within 72 h of the procedure were observed and compared. Results The levels of SCr, GFR, CysC before operation had no significant differences (P>0.05). The levels of SCr in two groups on the first day after operation were increased, but there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). On the first day after operation, the level of GFR in iso-osmolar group was higher than that in low-osmolar group, the level of CysC in iso-osmolar group was lower than that in low-osmolar group, and there were significant differences (P<0.05). On the third day after operation, the level of GFR in iso-osmolar group was higher than that in low-osmolar group, the level of CysC in iso-osmolar group was lower than that in low-osmolar group, and there were significant differences (P<0.01). The overall incidence of CIN was 20.9%(46/220). The incidence of CIN in low-osmolar group was 29.1%(32/110), in iso-osmolar group was 12.7%(14/110), and there was significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions In chronic congestive heart failure patients undergoing coronary interventional therapy, the iso-osmolar contrast iodixanol is associated with a lower incidence of CIN compared with low-osmolar iohexol.

Objective To study the effect of comprehensive treatment on common peroneal nerve injury. Methods 80 patients with common peroneal nerve injury were divided into treatment group (n=40) and control group (n=40). The treatment group accepted ultrashort wave, modulated medium frequency electrotherapy and electromyographic biofeedback therapy, while the control group accepted medication,acupuncture and excecise. All the patients were assessed with Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) in lower limbs before and after treatment.The effectiveness were recorded with MCRR. Results The scores of FMA of lower limb significantly improved after treatment and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The excellent and good rate was 80.00% in the treatment group, and 50.00% in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion It is effective of comprehensive treatment on common peroneal nerve injury.

Objective To observe the effect of electromyographic biofeedback therapy and kinesitherapy on patients with radial nerve injury.Methods 82 patients with radial nerve injury were divided into control group (n=41) and treatment group (n=41). The control group was treated with medcine and acupuncture, while the treatment group received electromyographic biofeedback therapy and kinesitherapy in addition. The radial nerve function was assessed and analyzed by electromyogram (EMG) and motor conduction velocity (MCV) before and after treatment. Results After 12 weeks of treatment, limb motor function, EMG and MCV were better in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Electromyographic biofeedback therapy and kinesitherapy can effectively improve the limb motor function of patients with radial nerve injury

Objective To study the effects of musk on the expressions of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the rat model of skull bone defect.Methods We constructed the bone defect model by dental drilling into the full skull of 300 SD rats (150 males and 150 females).The model animals were divided with completely random method into model group and drug group,with 150 in each.The two groups were further divided according to drug administration time into 7,14 and 28 d groups,respectively,with 50 in each.The drug group received perfusion of natural musk every day (4.2 mg/100 g) while the model group received perfusion of normal saline of the same volume every day.FGF-2 mRNA and EGF mRNA expressions in skull bone defect were determined using Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method.Results EGF mRNA expression at 7 d and 14 d was higher in the drug group than in the model group,but with no significant difference.EGF mRNA expression at 28 d decreased to the lowest level,with a significant difference (P＜0.05).FGF-2 mRNA expression in the drug group reached the highest at 7 d,with a significant difference (P＜0.05),and decreased at 14 and 28 d without significant difference.Conclusion Musk administered at different time points can effectively promote the healing rate of the bone defect area of the rat skull,and the mechanism of this repair is mainly related to the increased FGF-2 mRNA expression and the decreased EGF mRNA expression.

The relation between patent applications and published papers in hospitals of Guangdong Province since 2000 on China Intellectual Property Network was analyzed , which showed that the quality and quantity of patents were lower in hospitals of Guangdong Province than in those of Shanghai and Beijing , the quality of patents was re-lated with the medical service level in hospitals, the patent applications were centralized in large class A hospitals of Guangzhou , and inventive patents were those of medical preparations .Suggestions were thus put forward for hos-pitals of Guangdong Province to improve their awareness of patent application, the quality of patents, transformation of patents, cooperation with patent service organizations, research of patent application, and balance of patent dis-tribution in different areas.

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of arsenic trioxide on human glioma cell line U251 growth, change of gene expression and intracellular calcium content. METHODS: MTT method was used to observe the growth inhibition effect. Cell cycle, positive rate of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), apoptosis associated protein Fas and Bcl-2, and intracellular calcium ion (IECa~ 2+ ) levels were measured by flow cytometry in U251 cells treated with different doses of As_2O_3. Apoptosis was detected with annexin V-FITC+PI dual parameter. RESULTS: As_2O_3 inhibited the growth of U251 cells dramatically. There were obvious dosage-effect and time-effect correlations (P0.05). The cell cycle was arrested in G_2M phase. Apoptosis occurred in U251 cells treated with As_2O_3 by annexin V-FITC+PI dual parameter detection. CONCLUSION: As_2O_3 inhibits the growth of U251 cells in vitro dramatically and induces apoptosis. The mechanism is probably associated with the improvement of Fas expression and IECa~ 2+ levels, decrease in PCNA protein expression and cell cycle arrest.