Microarray technology, used in microorganisms detection with its advantages of rapid detection, high sensitivity, high-throughput and low cost, has been applied in environmental microbial community research widely in past few years. It focuses on investigation of structure, diversity, function, dynamics of microbial populations within complex environmental samples. Furthermore, it also reveals their responses and adaptation to environmental perturbations such as climate change, toxic contaminants. According probe design patterns, several types of microarrays, such as phylogenetic oligonucleotide arrays (POAs), functional gene arrays (FGAs), metagenomic array(MGA) and community genome arrays (CGAs) have been constructed for environmental studies. This review discusses applications of microarrays to environmental microbial populations research along with its potential for screening of specific microorganisms, gene or expression functional gene representing different environmental microbial populations.

Objective To investigate the mycoplasma separation rate in the patient with genitourinary tract inflammation in our hospital and the in vitro sensitivity to 12 kinds of antibacterial drugs for guiding clinical rational drug use.Methods 8 546 cases of genitourinary tract specimen were collected from our hospital STD clinical department and performed the culture and the in vitro drug susceptibility test by adopting the mycoplasma culture,identification and drug susceptibility integration reagent kit.Results Among 8 546 cases of patient specimen,3237 cases were mycoplasma positive,in which 2 897 cases (89.5%)were simple Ureaplas-ma urealyticum(Uu)positive,39 cases (1.2%)were simple Mycoplasma hominis (Mh)positive and 301 cases (9.3%)were Uu and Mh positive,there was statistically significant difference between any two groups (P <0.01 );the drug susceptibility test showed that the top 3 of sensitivity rates to antibacterial drugs in 2 897 cases of Uu infection from high to low were josamycin (98.4%),doxycline (97.9%)and minomycin (97.6%),the top 3 of drug resistance rates from high to low were ciprofloxacin (71.8%),spiramycin (46.8%)and ofloxacin (35.6%).The top 3 of sensitivity rates to antibacterial drugs in 39 cases of Mh infec-tion from high to low were josamycin (96.7%),doxycline (91.2%)and minomycin(90.8%),and the top 3 of drug resistance rates were ofloxacin (68.9%),ciprofloxacin (67.8%)and roxithromycin (54.2%).The top 3 of sensitivity rates to antibacterial drugs in 301cases of Uu and Mh infection from high to low were doxycline (95.2%),minomycin (94.8%)and josamycin (92.1%),and the top 3 of drug resistance rates from high to low were ciprofloxacin (83.3%),ofloxacin (80.1%)and levofloxacin (76.3%).Conclu-sion Uu and Mh are the common pathogens of genitourinary tract infection.Mycoplasma isolated from genitourinary tract speci-mens in our hopsital is dominated by Uu,so the drugs with higher sensitivity such as josamycin,doxycycline and minocycline should be used as the first choice in the treatment of mycoplasma infection.

Bronchi ; drug effects ; pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Humans ; Mineral Fibers ; toxicity

Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a disease characterized by maternal inheritance.A number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation has been thought to be associated with this disease.Objective This study was to investigate the clinical and molecular genetic properties of LHON in two Chinese families.Methods Forty subjects from two Chinese families with LHON were enrolled in Affiliated First Hospital of Zhengzhou University,including 28 maternal members (10 of these members are LHON and 12 controls from two families.All the participants had a complete ophthalmic examination including visual acuity,direct ophthalmoscopy,color sensation and visual evoked potentials.MtDNA was extract from the whole blood sample of all participants.PCR-DNA sequencing was performed to detect the point mutation of the G11778A,T14484C,and G3462A for each subject.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to this study.Results Only G11778A point mutation was identified in all 28 maternal members from the two families.No point mutation of G11778A was identified in non-maternal members,and no point mutation of the T14484C and G3462A were found in the two families.Conclusions The inherited pattern of these two families shows typical clinical and genetic features of LHON.LHON patients with G1 1778A mutation have a poor prognosis of visual acuity.

Objective To investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide(As2O3)combined with ascorbic acid(AA) on the apoptosis and differentiation of myelocytic leukaemia cells.Methods The acute promyelecytic leukaemia cell lines (NB4 and MR2)and erythroleukemia cell line(KS62)were cultured in vitro.Grouping wasbased on different concentration of As2O3(0,0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0 μmol/L),which WaS used a8 control groups.Then,AA(113.0μmol/)was added into each group.Cell morphologic changes of cell lines NB4,MR2 and K562 were observed under light microscope;The apoptosis symbols [Annexin V(+)/PI(-),Annexin V(+)/PI(+)]and differentiation symbols(CD11b and CD33)were detected by flow cytometry 96 hours later.Results

Objective To investigate the survival principle of SARS-conarovirus (SARS-Cov) in environments and to explore the inactivation effect of chlorine and chlorine dioxide on SARS-Cov with the aim of providing some basis for blocking its'main route of transmission. Methods SARS-Cov were added into the excrement samples, urine samples and other water samples and were disinfected by sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide. The survival ability of SARS-Cov and the effects of those two disinfectants on the inactivation of SARS-Cov were observed. Results The survival of SARS-Cov changed with the variation of temperature in external environment.It was showed that SARS-Cov could only survive for 2 days in hospital sewage, domestic sewage and dechlorinated tap water, while 3 days in excrement samples, 14 days in physiological saline and 17 days in urine samples protected from light in vitro at 20 ℃ . At 4 ℃, SARS-Cov could survive for 14 days in all above water samples and 17 days in excrement samples and urine samples. Resistibility of SARS-Cov to disinfectants in sewage sample was lower than those of E. coli and f2 phage. At the same disinfectant dosage or residual chlorine concentration , chlorine had better inactivation effect than chlorine dioxide did.The residual chlorine concentration of more than 0.5 mg/L or chlorine dioxide concentration of more than 2.19 mg/L was enough for the complete inactivation of SARS-Cov in sewage, but not enough for E. coli and f2 phage. Conclusion The survival time of SARS-Cov was shorter and more susceptible to chlorine and chlorine dioxide in external environment.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; therapy ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; etiology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

AIM:To observe the effect of captopril on the genesis and development of gastric cancer , and to explore its clinical treatment feasibility for gastric cancer .METHODS:The human gastric cancer cell line AGS was used to establish a tumor model in nude mice , and the model mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: positive control ( 5-fluorouracil) group, normal control (saline) group and experimental (captopril) group.After intraperitoneal injection or intragastric administration of the drugs , the tumor growth curve was determined , and the tumor tissues were also sampled to detect the expression of Ki-67, STAT3, Bax and Bcl-2 by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry .The apop-tosis was detected by TUNEL +DAPI staining .RESULTS: The tumor growth curve showed that the tumor model in the nude mice was successfully established .The tumor volumes among groups showed significantly different after 14 d growth. The increase in the tumor volume in normal control group was significantly faster than that in the other two groups , and that in positive control group was the slowest .The expression of Bax in captopril group increased , and the expression of STAT3, Ki-67 and Bcl-2 was reduced as compared with normal control group and positive control group .Compared with normal con-trol group, the apoptotic rate increased significantly , and the protein expression of p-STAT3 and STAT3 decreased obviously in positive control group and captopril group .CONCLUSION:With better feasibility , angiotensin-converting enzyme in-hibitor captopril has a significant effect on treating gastric cancer in the AGS nude mouse model by regulating the expression of STAT3, Bax, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 to accelerate the apoptosis of cancer cells , thus inhibiting tumor growth .

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of herbal application along meridians for treatment and prevention of asthma by using serum pharmacological test to observe the effects of serum containing herbs against the constriction of tracheal spiral strips induced by acetylcholine chloride (Ach). METHODS: Guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control group, normal saline (NS) application group, aminophylline application group, aminophylline injection group, 1-day herb application group, 7-day herb application group and 14-day herb application group. Asthma was induced by Hutson's method in guinea pigs except the normal control group. Guinea pigs in herb application groups were treated by external application of a compound herbal medicine 60 min once every day. Guinea pigs in NS application group were treated by external application of NS. Guinea pigs in the two aminophylline-treated groups were treated by external application and intraperitoneal injection of aminophylline at a dose of 400 mg/kg, respectively. The guinea pigs were killed and the sera were obtained after 1-day, 7-day and 14-day treatment in the three herb application groups, 7-day treatment in the NS application group, the aminophylline application and injection groups, respectively. Serum pharmacological method was used to do the experiment, the effects of different sera on the constriction of tracheal strips were observed, and the constriction rates were calculated. RESULT: The serum containing herbs had an effect in reducing the constriction of tracheal spiral strips induced by Ach, and the effect was similar to that of the serum obtained from the aminophylline injection group. The constriction rate of the tracheal spiral strips was decreased when herbal application treatment was prolonged within a period of time, and it became stable when herbal application treatment was between 7-14 days. The constriction of tracheal spiral strips induced by Ach could be reduced remarkably when it was previously treated by serum containing herbs. CONCLUSION: The anti-acetylcholine function with a time-dependent effect is one of the mechanisms of herbal application treatment along meridians for asthma, and furthermore, herbal application treatment along meridians might be useful for preventing asthma.

Objective To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with rehabilitation training on motor cortex in children with motor retardation. Methods Sixty children with motor retardation were divided into treatment group and control group by random digits table method with 30 cases each. The children in control group were treated with rehabilitation training, and the children in treatment group were treated with rTMS combined with rehabilitation training. Two groups were treated for 3 courses. The Gesell pediatric neuropsychological scale and gross motor function measure (GMFM) scale before and after treatment were evaluated. Results There was no headache, dizziness and abnormal pathological reaction in the 2 groups. The motor behavior development quotient scores of Gesell pediatric neuropsychological scale after treatment in control group and treatment group were significantly higher than those before treatment: (64.37 ± 16.37) scores vs. (62.37 ± 14.21) scores and (74.50 ± 13.32) scores vs. (61.90 ± 13.76) scores, but the score in treatment was significantly higher than that in control group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in language behavior development quotient score between after treatment and before treatment in control group: (79.57 ± 5.93) scores vs. (79.07 ± 5.75) scores, P>0.05. The language behavior development quotient after treatment in treatment group was significantly higher than that before treatment:(80.70 ± 5.38) scores vs. (78.57 ± 5.72) scores, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). The A, B, C and D area scores of GMFM scale after treatment in control group and treatment group were significantly higher than before treatment, which in control group were (76.43 ± 19.18)% vs. (75.40 ± 19.38)%, (50.53 ± 27.63)%vs. (49.60 ± 28.22)%, (31.07 ± 24.93)%vs. (28.40 ± 23.70)%and (1.60 ± 1.33)%vs. (0.89 ± 0.37)%, and in treatment group were (85.80 ± 13.73)%vs. (79.13 ± 16.87)%, (65.77 ± 26.27)%vs. (49.37 ± 29.67)%, (49.60 ± 28.22)%vs. (28.83 ± 23.19)%and (2.10 ± 1.60)%vs. (1.07 ± 0.43)%, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05); the A, B and C area scores after treatment in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05); but there was no statistical difference in D area score after treatment between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The rTMS combined with rehabilitation training is better in gross movement than the single rehabilitation training for children with motor retardation. The rTMS can improve the motor function and language ability of children.