BACKGROUND: Early education is an important step in raising children. Many facts prove that early education can promote infants' intellectual development so as to lay good foundation for their future development.OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of infants' intellectual development with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and analyze the effects of early education.DESIGN: Comparative observation.SETTING: Wards of the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 100 normal newborn infants born in the Department of Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, between January 2000 and December 2001. Guardians of the infants were informed of the research objective. Infants were divided into 2 groups according to their birth date: early education group (n=50) in which the infants were born on Monday, Wednesday, Friday or Sunday; control group (n=50) in which the infants were bom on Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday.METHODS: ① All the parents of the infants in the two groups received the guidance of feeding, infection prevention, inoculation and other health care guidance. On this basis, the parents of the infants in early education group were informed of intellectual development disciplinarian and educational guideline for 0-3 year-old infants when physical examination was performed on the infants at newborn period (twice) and 42 days after birth (once). The parents were asked to raise their infant according to the requirements of the guideline and communicate with the physicians at any moment. In control group, routine physical examination was performed on the infants at new-born period (twice) and 42 days after birth (once), and their parents were not given the early education of pediatric system. ② At 4 months and 3 days to 4 months and 29 days after birth, the infants in the two groups were taken back to hospital. Status of intellectual development was evaluated with intelligence scale for children revised and standardized by the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Children Development Center according to Bayley's Scales of Infant Development [It consisted of intellectual scale and movement scale. Intellectual scale was used for 4.0-5.3 months babies (4 items, Item E: reaching out for building blocks, hand-eye coordination when reaching out, pick up building blocks, and keeping reaching out for things; Item G: noticed small pills; Item H: approached ocular; Item C: fond of playing with him).Movement scale was used for 4.0-5.3 months babies (4 items, Item A: turning their heads freely; Item E: from lying on the back to lying on the side;Item D: part of pollex face to face when holding building blocks; Item C:could sit independently for a moment)]. The primary scores of the infant was obtained from the number of an item which the infant could complete in intellectual development scale, then intellectual index and psychological movement development index were obtained according to his age span from the scale. Those with scores ＞130 were considered excellent, and those with scores ＜ 69 were mental retardation. ③ t test and U test were used in comparison of the differences in metrical and quantitative data.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of intellectual development index and psychological development index between the infants in the two groups. ② Status of infants' intellectual scale and movement scale completion.RESULTS: Totally 100 infants entered the result analysis. ① Intellectual development: Intellectual development index and psychological movement development index were significantly higher in early education group than in control group (103.94±7.64, 111.20±9.40; 93.92±5.18,99.22±5.52, t=8.3,4.7, P ＜ 0.01). ② Status of intellectual scale completion: The number of infants who could complete Items E, D and C was obviously greater in early education group than in control group [36 infants (72%), 8 infants (16%), u=5.6, P ＜ 0.01]. ③ Status of movement scale completion: The number of infants who could complete Items E, D and C was obviously greater in early education group than in control group [45 in fants (90%), 32 infants (64%), 48 infants (96%); 30 infants (60%), 12 infants (24%), 42 infants (84%), u=2.0-4.89, P ＜ 0.05-0.01].CONCLUSION: Early education can improve infants' intellectual development, especially manipulative ability.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hypoxia, Brain ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in spinal anesthesia patients.Methods A total of 841 patients received spinal anesthesia were visited after operation.Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression to identify risk factors related to PONV.Results PONV occurred in 94 patients (11.2％,94/841).Univariate analysis showed that PONV was unrelated with gender,age,ASA classification,anesthesia mode (P ＞ 0.05),related with operation department (P =0.026),body mass index (P =0.020),education level (P =0.000),history of previous surgery anesthesia (P =0.005),history of PONV (P =0.000),history of kinesia (P =0.002),smoke (P =0.019),intraoperative using of tramadol (P =0.018).Multivariate analysis showed that operation department (OR =4.039,95％ CI 1.331-12.259,P=0.048),education level (OR =3.504,95％ CI 1486-8.260,P=0.015),history of PONV (OR =5.113,95％ CI 1.790-14.606,P =0.002),intraoperative using of tramadol (OR =5.316,95％ CI 1.091-25.908,P =0.039) were identified as independent risk factors for PONV.Conclusions The independent factors associated with PONV following spinal anesthesia include operation department,education level,history of PONV,intraoperative using of tramadol.Identifying patients who are at high risk for PONV will enable the formation of more timely management project.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the quality of domperidone tablets produced by 3 different factories METHODS:The quality of different products was investigated according to the standards of Ministry of Public Health and manufacture factories,including dissolubility,uniformity of dosage units,related substances and seals of blister packaging RESULTS:In 3 batches of products manufactured by Y,W and L,the contents of domperidone were 98 23%～99 74%,96 92%～98 31% and 97 42%～98 72%,and content uniformity A+1 8S was 2 11～3 38,3 97～5 25 and 5 49～7 47 respectively,which were in keeping with the Chinese pharmacopoeia;impurity R061668 was not found,and contents of impurity R052211 were 0 004%～0 024%,0 029%～0 072% and 0 003%～0 056%;the total impurity substances were 0 030%～0 095%,0 102%～0 128% and 0 232%～0 489%;the dissolubity(45min) was 95 09%～95 77%,91 25%～96 43% and 95 48%～96 58% respectively In experimental condition,no leakage was found from blister package of Y and W products,however,the leak rate of L product reached more than 38% CONCLUSION:According to this survey,the quality of product Y is the best,W is better

Objective Traditional nasolacrimal duct stenting possesses some shortcoming including difficulty of pulling ball head guide wire from the nasal cavity with turbinate hypertrophy and nasal septal deviation. The new method of nose-oral tube track establishment can overcome the forementioned and increase the successful rate. Methods 5 F catheter and arterial sheath were modified to be nasolacrimal duct stent delivery device respectively. Antegrade dacryocystography was taken firstly to display the obstructed site and followed by the modified protocol of inserting the guide wire through nasolacrimal duct and nasal cavity, and establishing the stent delivery track for retrograde stent placement. Results 5 epiphora patients with failure implantation by traditional method were all succeeded through the modified stenting(100%). During 6-mouth follow-up, no serious complications and reocclusion occurred. Conclusion The establishment of eye-nose-mouth-nose of external nasal guide wire track can improve the successful rate of nasolacrimal duct stenting.

In this paper,we analyzed 24 international cooperation projects involving human genetic resources from 1999 to 2009 hosted by the Cancer Institute and Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.The analysis concerned the overall situation of the projects,the foreign cooperative units,subject distribution,research content,export planning,actual export and achievement.We also put forward proposals to improve the human genetic resources management.

0.05);the 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose(2hPG) was significantly lower in insulin aspart 30 injection group than in mixed protamine zinc recombinant human insulin injec- tion one(P

Molecular methods and fluoroscopic techniques suggest that rich microbial diversity exist in the marine environment, but less than 1% of these microbes can be cultured in the laboratory conditions, and that the cultivable dominant species were even less. This limitation has long been a barrier to the development of environmental microbiology and the utilization of marine resources. In the past decade, novel methods for culture and detection of these uncultured marine microbes have successfully applied to obtain several conventionally-uncultured microbes including those from extreme environments. Those progresses have inspired researchers greatly. Developments in the research of marine microbial resources are an important basis for the study of the micro-world and deserve increasing scientific attention.

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects between unilateral decompression technique only and open decompression technique with fusion and internal fixation for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis.

METHODSFrom March 2008 to February 2011, 82 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were treated with operations, and divided into two groups. There were 13 males and 19 females in group A, with a mean age of (56.31±4.31) years old. The patients in group A were treated with unilateral decompression via fenestration technique only, including 23 patients obtaining single level decompression and 9 patients obtaining two levels decompression. In group B, there were 18 males and 32 females, with a mean age of (57.53±4.28) years old. The patients in group B were treated with open decompressive technique with fusion and internal fixation, including 38 patients obtaining single level decompression and 12 patients obtaining two levels decompression. The VAS of back pain and leg pain, ODI were recorded before and after surgery to evaluate low back pain,leg pain and walking tolerance.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 10.9 to 43.4 months,with a mean of 32.8 months. There were no differences in age, stenosis level, VAS of back and leg pain and ODI before surgery between two groups. Compared with the corresponding ones in group B, the operation time, blood loss, hospitalization time,recovery time of routine daily life and finacial expenditure of patients were all shorter or less in group A. There was no statistically difference in complications between two groups.

CONCLUSION"Unilateral decompression via fenestration technique" is a less invasive and more effective decompressive technique for degenerative spinal stenosis without posterior elements damage. It has advantages in operation time, blood loss, hospitalization time, recovery to daily life and financial expenditure. When controlling the operative indications strictly, the technique could be an important procedure for surgical treatment of degenerative spinal stenosis, especially in the elderly population.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spinal Stenosis ; surgery

Background Researches showed that microperimetry can exhibit more tiny visual function damage than conventional perimetry in glaucomatous eyes.However,the study on fixation stability of glaucoma is still rare until now.Objective This study was to compare the correlation between microperimetry Maia (Macular Integrity Assessment) and Humphrey perimetry,and to investigate the changes of the fixation stability in glaucoma patients with hemifield defect.Methods This study proposal was approved by Medical Ethic Committee of Peking University First Hospital.A cross-sectional study was performed under the informed consent of each subject.Thirtyfive eyes of 35 glaucoma patients with hemifield defect by 24-2 Humphrey perimetry were included in Peking University First Hospital from December 2013 to March 2014,and 30 eyes of 30 normal volunteers served as controls.Both Humphery (10-2) and Maia (expert 10-2) were performed on the subjects respectively and the correlation of the results between Humphery (10-2) and Maia (expert 10-2) were analyzed.Then the patients with normal hemifield on Humphrey were assigned to Maia normal group and Maia abnormal group.Fixation stability differences were compared between glaucoma group and normal control group,and between Maia normal group and Maia abnormal group.Results The moderately positive correlation was found in the mean sensitivity between Maia microperimetry and Humphrey perimetry (r=0.403,P =0.001),and the average threshold of Maia microperimetry was moderately positive correlated with the mean defect (MD) of Humphrey perimetry in glaucoma patients (r=0.438,P =0.008).The fixation stability parameter P1 was (67±17)％ and (87±10)％,and that of P2 was (70±16)％ and (88±9)％;the 63％ bicurve elipse area (BCEA) was (5.08±1.55) °2and (2.21±0.60) °2,and the 95％ BCEA was (14.74± 6.04) °2 and (2.86 ± 1.17)°2 in the glaucoma group and normal control group,respectively,showing significant decreases of P1 and P2 and increases of 63％ BCEA and 95％ BCEA in the glaucoma group compared with the normalcontrol group (t=-5.604,-4.831,9.885,11.086,all at P=0.000).In Maia normal group and Maia abnormal group,the P1 was (79±8)％ and (63±17)％,the P2 was (81±10)％ and (67±16)％,the 63％ BCEA was (3.19±0.65)°2 and (5.70±1.22)°2 and the 95％ BCEA was (9.10±2.60)°2 and (19.35±5.01)°2,respectively.Compared with the Maia normal group,the P1 and P2 were significantly lower,and 63％ BCEA and 95 ％ BCEA were higher in the Maia abnormal group (t=-2.468,P=0.019;t=-2.371,P=0.024;t =5.514,P=0.000;t=5.575,P=0.000).Conclusions Maia microperimetry and Humphrey perimetry yield a good correlation for glaucomatous macular function examination.In addition,Maia microperimetry showed that fixation stability decreased in glaucoma patients with hemifield defect.