Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more susceptible to oxidative damage and has a higher mutation rate compared with nuclear DNA due to the absence of protective histone proteins and imperfect repair system.Somatic alterations in mtDNA have been proposed to contribute to initiation and progression of human cancer in previous researches.However,the role of these mtDNA alterations in gastric cancer progression remains unclear.Point mutations and mtDNA content alterations are the two most common mtDNA alterations that result in mitochondrial dysfunction in gastric cancers.Identifing somatic mtDNA alterations in gastric cancers as well as their association with the clinicopathological parameters of gastric cancer,and exploring the causative factors of the somatic mtDNA alterations in cancer progression have been a new direction of gastric cancer research in recent years.

As one of the treatment options for early stage NSCLC,stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)is mainly applied to the inoperable patients.Compared with small doses of traditional fractionated radi-ation treatment,SBRT are taken a single high dose of radiation.A large body of experience has been accumula-ted over the years and the mathematical model to describe survival in high dose range typically used in SBRT and the best dose of segmentation model were focused on,but there has not yet reached a consensus.Studies show that SBRT has certain advantages in local control ratio and adverse reaction compared with traditional radiotherapy,which can be used in operable patients in the future.

Objective:To investigate the alveolar bone defects of anterior alveolar bone in patients with bimaxillary protrusion by using cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) . Methods: The samples consisted of 50 patients with bimaxillary protrusion, who were assigned to the teenage group[20 cases, (13. 1 ± 1. 0) years] and adult group[30 cases, (22. 9 ± 4. 2) years] . The adult group included 9 hy-po-divergent, 11 normo-divergent and 10 hyper-divergent patients. The images were obtained by using NewTom VG CBCT and the alveolar defects were evaluated. Results:The ratio of the patients had alveo-lar bone defects was 94. 00%. Meanwhile, the defects were associated with 38. 60% of all the teeth. Most defects occurred on labial alveolar bone ( 98 . 66%); fenestration was found more in the maxillary alveolar region and dehiscence occurred more in the mandible. The dehiscences (3. 06%) and defects prevalence (30. 13%) of the teenage group were significant lower than those of the adult group (11. 73% vs. 42. 46%), P<0. 05; while there was no significance of the fenestrations prevalence between the two group (P>0. 05). The hypo-divergent group had lower fenestrations prevalence (22. 22%) than the normo-divergent (33. 84%) and hyper-divergent groups (37. 50%), P<0. 05. The upper central incisor had the lowest alveolar bone defect prevalence. Conclusion: Alveolar bone defects are common findings in patients with bimaxillary protrusion before orthodontic treatment. The prevalence of defects is affected by age and vertical-growth type.

OBJECTIVE:To study the restraining factors in the intravenous immune globulin(IVIG.)bacterial endotoxin test.METHODS:A series tests were designed;the sensitivity of limulus was checked and the limit of endotoxin was validated;the effects of vehicle and pH value on the IVIG endotoxin test results were observed so as to find out the chief restraining factors of this test method.RESULTS:Lower pH value has an inhibition effect on the in IVIG bacterial endotoxin test.CONCLUSION:Bacterial endotoxin test can replace the rabbit testing method in the pyrogen test of IVIG.When the condition of lower pH is changed.

Pem gene is one of the homeobox gene. Unlike members of Hox gene family, Pem gene is unique located at the proximal end of the X chromosome and its expression has been detected in several immortalized and transformed cells, placenta, embryos and reproductive tissues. Numeral studies showed that its expression is controlled by hormone such as androgen. This review discussed the possible role of Pem in regulating genes involved in the differentiation and development of extraembryonic tissue, spermatogenesis and sperm maturation.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on liver and kidney function in the patients with traumatic hemorrhag-ic shock. Methods:Totally 110 patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock were divided into the control group (n=55) and the obser-vation group (n=55) according to the random number table. The control group received the conventional anti-shock treatment, and the observation group received ulinastatin with intravenous injection by syringe pump additonally. The changes of heart rate, urine vol-ume, liver function, renal function and inflammatory cytokine levels in the two groups were observed before and after the operation. Results:The heart rate at the 3rd h and 6th h after the operation in the observation group was significantly lower than that before the treatment , and urine volume was aslo significantly more than that before the treatment. The postoperative AST, ALT and LDH at the 3rd h and 6th h in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the same period, and the difference was significant (P<0. 05). The postoperative BUN, SCr andβ2-MG on the 1st day in the observation group were significantly higher than those before the surgery, and the difference was significant (P<0. 05);the postoperative BUN, SCr andβ2-MG on the 3rd day in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0. 05). The postoperative IL-1β level on the 1st day in the observation group was significantly higher than that before the surgery (P<0. 05);the serum IL-1βlevel on the 3rd day in the observation group showed no statistically significant difference from that before the surgery (P>0. 05);the IL-6 levels on the 1st and 3rd day in the observation group were significantly higher than those before the surgery, however, lower than those in the control group with significant differences (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Ulinastatin has protective effect on liver and kidney function in the pa-tients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock, and can improve heart rate and urine output of the patients.

Objective To determine the median effective dosage of 0.5% ropivacaine for ultrasoundguided lateral popliteal sciatic nerve block. Methods Twenty-three ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 19-20 yr weighing 52-90 kg received lateral popliteal nerve block guided with ultrasound for foot and ankle surgery.The volume of 0.5% ropivacaine injected was determined by the response of the previous patient using an up-anddown technique. The initial volume was 18 ml. Each time the volume increased/decreased by 2 ml.Successful nerve block was defined as complete loss of pinprick sensation in both tibial and common peroneal nerve distribution with concomitant inability to perform plantar or dorsal flexion of the foot 30 min after injection. Results The median effective dosage of 0.5% ropivacaine resulting in complete block of the sciatic nerve in 50% patients was 13 ml (95% confidence interval 11.3-14.9 ml).Conclusion The median effective dosage of 0.5% ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided lateral popliteal sciatic nerve is 13.0 ml.

Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Female ; Hypoxia, Brain ; physiopathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Memory ; physiology ; Mice ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

[Objective]Discussion on TCM name and pathogenesis of hypertension. [Method]To further explore and analyze the TCM name, location as wel as pathogenssis of hypertension after learning“Neijing”. [Result]Hypertension corresponding TCM diseases should be the veins bulge from“Neijing”. The location of the disease is heart,while it relates to internal organs. The main pathogenesis is that heart commanding blood abnormality. [Conclusion ]The traditional classical dialectical mode from the liver treatment of hypertension should be changed,the clinical treatment of hypertension is due to the heart according to the theory of pathogenesis which the heart commands blood vessels.Seeking the key reason is important to differential treatment of hypertension.

Objective To investigate the effects of metformin on serum testosterone (T)levels and ovulation in hyperinsulinemic women Methods Twenty nine patients with hyperinsulinemic anovulation were treated with metformin for 12 weeks Among them 19 had history of clomiphene(CC) treatment with 11 cases failure CC was given again after one month of metformin treatment Serum T, luteinizing hormone,follicle stimulating hormone, insulin(Ins) levels were measured after 4 weeks of treatment Basic body temprature was also observed Results Serum T and Ins levels declined significantly after 4 weeks of metformin treatment [(2 7?1 6) nmol/L Vs (1 9?1 0) nmol/L, (49 2?34 1) mU/L Vs (25 3?23 9) mU/L, P