Glucosylceramide synthase(GCS) plays an important role in ceramide metabolism and can block apoptosis signal pathway which is mediated by ceramide. Recently, studies have demonstrated that overex-pression of GCS exists in various muhidrug resistant cancer cell lines and is related to drug resistant pheno-type. A possible connection between GCS and P-gp is also suggested. Moreover,the level of GCS can be down-regulated to increase tumor cells sensitivity by chemical inhibitor and RNA interference. Thus, inhibition of ac-tivity and expression of GCS is a new mechanism of reversing muhidrug resistance.

Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause of children chronic cough,especially in those aged 1 ～ 6 years.It is defined by the presence of persistent wet cough for longer than 4 weeks,but lacks of symptoms or signs of other alternative diagnosis of chronic cough.It shows a normal or near-normal chest radiograph,a intense neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and a chronic purulent bronchitis under bronchochoscopy,and usually resolves after two-week course of appropriate oral antibiotic (usually amoxicillin-clavulanatc).So far,PBB hasn't been fully recognized by most pediatricians,and often been unrecognised or misdiagnosed as asthma.In this paper,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.

The mental health state of the 256 fourth-year medical students of Kunming Medical College was preliminarily analyzed by requiring. The students fill in the inquiry sheets (questionare) in a question-and-answer way. The ages of these 136 male and 120 female students ranged from 19 to 23 years old, and the self-desiged 109 items of the investigation were induced into 8 aspects related to the mental health such as the outlook on life etc. The result showed that these are differences between the mental health state of the senior medical students and the traditional ideas, morality, manners of education etc. Some initial points of view were put toward.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Ligustrazine on pulmonary fibrosis caused by hyperoxia in neonatal rats.Met-hods Eighty Sprague-Dawley(SD)clean neonatal rats,which were less than 12 hours old,were enrolled in this study.The neonatal rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:air-exposed control group(group A);air-exposed plus Ligustrazine-treated group(group B);hype-roxia-exposed control group(group C);hyperoxia-exposed plus Ligustrazine-treated group(group D).The neonatal rats of group B and group D were intraperitoneally injected with Ligustrazine[30 mg/(kg?d)] in solution of normal saline(NS),group A and group C were intraperitoneally given the same dose of NS.On 14th day,10 rats of each group were randomly chosen and then killed,the pulmonary pathological changes were observed by HE staining under light microscope.The area percentages of collagen fibers were measured by Masson staining and imaging analysis.The degree of pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated by the area percentages of collagen fibers and hydroxyproline content.The results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results On the 14th day of the exposure,the histopathologic examination demonstrated broadened lung interstitium and reduced alveolar quantity and lung fibrosis were developed in group C;Ligustrazine treatment obviously alle-viated the changes of lung histomorphology.The newborn rats in group C had lower body weight compared that of with group A,B(Pa0.05).Conclusion Early use of Ligustrazine can decrease the severity of the pulmonary fibrosis of neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia.

With more than 20 years of development, Pichia pastoris system has been extensively used both on a lab and industrial scale. This review outlines the progress made on P. pastoris from aspects of protein expression, molecular engineering tools and methods, and biochemical production. This review also provides perspectives on the current challenges and future directions of this important system.
Bioengineering ; Industrial Microbiology ; Pichia

The authors attempt to combine medical ethics education and the professional training objectives of health supervision in the teaching practice of medical ethics for health supervision majors within the limited curriculum course.Under the premise of a standardized syllabus norm and scientific teaching goals,appropriate teaching forms,methods and trials are implemented to impart health supervision majors with medical ethics knowledge and meanwhile promote their quality and ability reserves.

Recently,with the development of the medical technique includes surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy,multi-subject combined modality therapy for esophageal carei noma has been become a tendency instead of surgery alone.Any single treatment is hard to improve the curative effect of treatment for esophageal carcinoma.Systemic individual comprehensive therapy for the different patients with esophageal carcinoma is likely to reduce recurrence rate,improve survival rates as well as to improve the quality of life.

Objective To observe the effect of different doses of atorvastatin in treating elderly acute coronary syndrome.Methods Totally 78 cases with acute coronary syndrome were randomly divided into two groups:low-dose atorvastatin group and high dose atorvastatin group,39 cases for each.The triacylglycerol (TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein-cholestrol (LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C) were compared between before and after the treatment.The adverse drug reactions were observed.Results Before treatment,the levels of TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C were not statistic significant between the two groups.After treatment of 1 month,3 months,6 months and 12 months,TC and LDL-C of the two groups were decreased than those before treatment,and TC and LDL-C of high-dose atorvastatin group were lower than those of low-dose atorvastatin group,but HDL-C level was not changed compared with before treatment.After treatment of 3 months,6 months and 12 months,TG levels of the two groups were decreased than those before treatment,and TG of high-dose atorvastatin group were reduced than those of low-dose atorvastatin group.The incidence rate of cardiovascular events of high-dose atorvastatin group was significantly lower than those of low-dose atorvastatin group.There was no difference in the incidence rate of adverse drug reactions between the two groups.Conclusions I(s worthy to apply high-dose atorvastatin in clinical treatment for acute coronary syndrome because of its ability to decrease the levels of TG,TC,LDL C,HDL-C and cardiovascular events.

Objective To establish a method for the detection of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 C→T mutation by real-time fluorescence PCR.Methods MTHFR 677 C→T mutation was detected in 300 healthy people by the technique of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and real time fluorescence PCR. Sequencing was performed to confirm the accuracy of detection results. Results Three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were found with two methods in all the 300 people. There were no significant differences in genotype frequency and allele frequency between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Real-time fluorescence PCR is an accurate and rapid method for prompt grouping of MTHFR gene locus.

Recent work has revealed that large numbers of mitotic figures are present in adult hearts,which has implied that there should be some mechanism about nature repair of the adult heart.But the levels of natural repair are not high enough to retrieval the traumatic myocardium.As a new approach to improving the cardiac repair,stem-cell therapy provides an exciting and powerful treatment.We describe the background of natural repair,and summarize the current strategies in the application of stem-cell therapy to repair the traumatic myocardium.