AIM:To prepare O/W microemulsion formulation containing sinomenine and investigate the effect of different penetration enhancers on transermal delivery character of microemulsion in vitro. METHODS: The microemulsions were prepared and characterized using Zetasize potential/particle size analysis instrument.The stability tests were performed to evaluate the sinomenine microemulsions.Franz diffusion cell was adopted as the apparatus for in vitro transdermal test.Excised Wistar-rat abdomen skin was pretreated with penetration enhancers,such as menthol,borneol and isopropyl myristate. RESULTS: The average droplet size of the microemulsion was about(31.3 nm.)A high permeation rate of(32.238?1.13)?g/cm~(2)?h was showed in vitro.Ail the enhancers showed significant enhancement effect on the transdermal behavior of sinomenine microemulsion.2% borneol had the strongest effect in all. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the studied microemulsion system with high permeation rate may be a promising vehicle for the transdermal delivery of sinomenine.Menthol,borneol and isopropyl myristate were found to be the proper penetration enhancers in the transdermal preparation.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a kind of complex autoimmune connective tissue disease involving multi-organ and multiple systems.And the cardiovascular complication is a major cause of mortality in SLE patients.The diagnosis and evaluation depend on imaging.As a non-invasive,simplicity and repeatability method,echocardiography plays a vital role in evaluating heart structure and function.The application of echocardiography in the SLE with cardiovascular complications were reviewed in this article.

ObjectiveTo investigate osteopontin (OPN) level in pulmonary tuberculosis and its clinical significance.MethodsThe level of serum OPN was determined in 80 pulmonary tuberculosis patients before anti-tuberculosis treatment[patients group,simple pulmonary tuberculosis with 60 cases (simple pulmonary tuberculosis group),pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy with 20cases (pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy group)],and compared with that of 30healthy persons (healthy control group) and 20 patients having received effective anti-tuberculosis treatment and followed-up for 6 months (followed-up group).At the same time,the clinical significance of OPN was studied by other commonly used clinical indicators of tuberculosis.ResultsThe level of serum OPN in patients group [(843.49 ±569.23) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in healthy control group [(352.50 ± 185.02) ng/L,P ＜0.05].The level of serum OPN after treatment in followed-up group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment [(494.11 ±352.40) ng/L vs.(1106.60 ± 628.39) ng/L,P＜ 0.05 ] and there was no significant difference compared with those in healthy control group (P ＞ 0.05 ).The level of serum OPN in pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy group [(1179.80 ±606.33) ng/L] was significantly higher than those in simple pulmonary tuberculosis group [(727.53 ±511.66) ng/L,P ＜0.05],and they were both higher than those in healthy control group [ ( 352.50 ± 185.02 ) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].Therefore,for further additional subgroup analysis in simple pulmonary tuberculosis group,the level of serum OPN in patients with cavity[ ( 836.51 ± 549.80) ng/L ] was significantly higher than that without cavity [ (535.52 ± 375.95 ) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ],while the levels of serum OPN had no statistical difference between pulmonary lesion involved ＜ 3 leaf patients and ≥ 3 leaf patients,sputum mycobacterium tuberculosis positive patients and negative patients,mycoDot test results positive patients and negative patients,erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevated patients and normal patients,PPD strongly positive patients and non-strongly positive patients (P＞0.05).ConclusionsOPN activity is closely related with pulmonary tuberculosis.OPN can serve as a judge of pulmonary tuberculosis and the clinical indicators of disease outcome.The level of serum OPN and the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis have some correlations.

Objective To assess the effect of resident training in clinical skills on SARS prevention and treatment. Methods A survey was conducted by means of questionnaires on 101 residents of the authors' hospital who were at the forefront of the fight against SARS. Results Training in clinical skills assisted the residents to various degrees in SARS prevention and treatment. 100% of the residents surveyed held that the training was helpful, beneficial and assisted them in solving problems. Conclusion Training in clinical skills, which rendered the residents proficient in basic skills and more capable of clinical application of the skills, also enhanced their ability to handle emergent events in SARS prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate apoptosis in acinar cells during posttransplant reperfusion, and the expression of Bcl 2, Bax, Fas Methods Pancreas transplantation was performed between male SD rats after 2 hours of cold ischemia Rats ( n =65) were divided at random into 7 groups: sham group, cold ischemia group (as controls), reperfused 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h group The pathologic pancreatic tissue was observed by electron microscope; Apoptotic cells were stained by TUNEL technique; Expression of Bax、Bcl 2 and Fas protein in pancreatic tissue were detected by SABC immunohistochemical method Results Apoptotic cells were observed in early phase after pancreas transplantation The peak of apoptotic pancreas cells occurred 3 hours after reperfusion [AI ( 9 5? 2 9)%, P

ObjectiveTo explore the relations between R peak time and cardiac function in pa- tients with mitral incompetence. Methods Left ventricular ejection fraction of 33 patients (subject group) less 50％ and 22 patients (control group) over 50％ was given ECG to determine R peak time. ResultsThe max average of R peak time was higher in subject group than in control group (P ＜ 0. 0001). ConclusionThe results indicate that R peak time has negative correlation to cardiac function.

Objective To explore the relationship of immunoglobulin A(IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) in children by making comparison in the aspects of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and renal pathology. Methods Process the data of 69 cases of HSPN and 33 cases of IgAN respectively in clinical symptoms' frequency, indices of urinalysis and blood cell count, protein quantity in urine of 24 hours, serum level of immunoglobulins, C3 and C4, as well as renal pathologic results. Results In IgAN group, the incidence of male was higher than that of female, respiratory tract infections usually occur as prodrome. Macroscopic hematuria was the most prominent clinical feature, while rash, joint pain, abdominal symptoms seldom happened. Level of hemoglobin in IgAN group was decreased significantly. There were no significant differences in edema, hypertension, proteinuria degree, level of plasm albumin, level of serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, C3 and C4, as well as the features of renal pathologic changes between IgAN and HSPN.Conclusions IgAN and HSPN have similar features in clinical symptoms,level of immunoglobulins and complements and renal pathology. But it is still under discussion whether they are different stages of the same disease.

Objective To analyze the effect of cluster nutrition intervention and psychological intervention combined with compound Kushen injection on postoperative patients with esophageal cancer. Methods 80 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were divided into two groups. The control group was treated with chemotherapy alone. The observation group was treated with compound bitter ginseng injection and cluster nutrition intervention. Psychological intervention therapy. The total effective rate, the nutritional index before and after treatment, the SF-36 quality of life score and the complication rate were compared. Results The total effective rate and the post-treatment nutritional value of the observation group were higher than those of the control group. After treatment, the SF-36 scale was higher than the control group, the incidence of adverse reactions was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of intensive nutrition, psychological intervention and compound Sophora flavescens injection can improve the nutritional status, improve the curative effect, reduce the adverse reaction and improve the quality of life of patients with esophageal cancer after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

This article studies the application value of disposable umbilical cord clamp and amputator during gravida childbirth.The umbilicalis is clamped and sheared with disposable umbilical cord clamp and amputator in the area of 3~5mm far from the neonatal abdomen.The operation is simple and consumedly shortens the time and reduces the procedure compared to the traditional method.It is safe and convenient,which is worth spreading.

Objective The regulation on glucose transporters(GLUT1~GLUT5)by sodium butyrate was observed,and the regulation on bax and bcl-x/l by sodium butyrate and glucose was studied.This helped to learn about the possible mechanism of apoptosis of cancer cells induced by sodium butyrate.Methods The expression of GLUT1~GLUT5 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.The expression of bax and bcl-x/l was detected by immuocytochemistry.Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.Results In HT-29 cell line,sodium butyrate downregulated the expression of GLUT1 mRNA and the expression of bcl-x/l and induced cancer cell apoptosis,but did not regulate the expression of GLUT2,GLUT3,GLUT5 and bax.GLUT4 was not detected in HT-29 cell line.And when treated with sodium butyrate,the increase of concentration of glucose could increase the expression of bcl-x/l and reduce the effect of apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate.Without treatment with sodium butyrate,the change of glucose concentration only had a feeble regulation on apoptosis.Conclusion Sodium butyrate can obviously downregulate the expression of GLUT1 and downregulation of the expression of GLUT1 is associated with the apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate in HT-29 cell line.