Retinal detachment (RD) is one of the most common sight-threatening retinal diseases.Visual acuity is not always restored after successful reattachment of the retina.Photoreceptor cell death has been thought to be the major cause of vision loss after RD through various pathways and their interactions,including caspase-dependent apoptosis,endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and non-apoptotic death forms,such as necroptosis,autophagy,and so on.Based on the understanding of the mechanism of photoreceptor cell death after RD,current efforts on combinatorial inhibition of multiple death pathways,targeting upstream molecules and enhancement of intrinsic neuroprotection would help us to protect photoreceptors effectively and improve visual acuity of RD patients.This review summarized current opinions on mechanisms of photoreceptor cell death and the potential treatment strategies.

Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) is a group of enzymes that belong to the zine-metalloproteinases family involved in the pathophysiological process of various diseases,such as inflammation,angiogenesis and tumor invasion.Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a nucleoprotein with transcription activity,which consists of two different subunits,α and β.It plays an important role in the process of the formation of new blood vessels following ischemic necrosis and the process of hypoxia induced cell apoptosis.Silent information regulator2-related enzymes 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin,which belongs to a member of the sirtuin family of proteins,also involved in many pathophysiologic processes,such as aging,cell death and tumorigenesis.This study aims to review the role of MMP-9,HIF-1 and SIRT1 in acute lung injury.

Objective To investigate the clinical values of preoperative through-the-scope(TST) stent implementation by analyzing its effectiveness and reliability in patients with acute colonic obstruction caused by proximal colonic cancer.Methods From June 2008 to June 2014,36 patients with proximal colonic cancer accompanied by acute obstruction were analyzed.Obstructive sites consisted of ileocecal junction(n =4),ascending colon(n =20),and transverse colon near the hepatic flexure(n =12).A-chievement ratio of the colonic tumor resection,the incidence rate of complications,operation time,and hospitalization were evaluated.Results TTS was successfully placed in all patients.All patients showed relief of obstructive symptoms within 1 ~2 days.Surgical resection was performed after 5 ~7 days.A total of 34 patients got a radical colonic tumor resection,while the other two patients had liver and pelvic metas-tasis.All patients were welly recovered without complications of anastomotic leakage,intraperitoneal infec-tion and bleeding.Conclusion For patients with acute colonic obstruction caused by proximal colonic cancer,preoperative through-the-scope(TST)stent implementation is a cost-effective and safe method.It reduces trauma and pain,and enhances life quality for patients,which is worthy of being spread.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a potentially fatal zoonosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis (E .m) , primary located in the liver and showed malignant invasion .AE can develop to the lungs and brain metastases .Operation treat-ment and medication therapeutic efficacy show poor effect .The mechanism of AE invasive growth and metastasis is unclear . Angiogenesis is a highly regulated behavior in normal tissues .Abnormal angiogenesis is one of the key signs of malignant tumor ,and VEGF is one of the key mediators of angiogenesis .Numerous studies have shown that VEGF and CD34 plays an important role in the formation of tumor angiogenesis and invasive growth process .This article discussed the role of angiogene-sis in AE aggressive ,aimed to provide a new way for the clinic conservative treatment for patients with advanced stage ,preven-ting recurrence after operation ,and adjunctive therapy of operation and drug .

This article reviews a recently d is covered new peptide-growth hormone-releasing peptide: ghrelin. Ghrelin is secr eted by various tissues of body, mainly by gastric tissue. Ghrelin regulates GH release from pituitary, participates in the regulation of energy metabolism, inh ibits the proliferation of tumor cells and influences the cardiovascular functio n and the release of other hormones. The study of ghrelin in many fields is prel iminary and needs further investigation.

Objective To investigate treatment effects of correcte d severe blepharoptosis using an orbicularis oculi muscle flap. Meth ods After the lid creased incision, the subtaneous plane was dissect ed between the skin and the orbicularis oculi muscle, reaching as far as the sup erior margin of eyebrow. In a plane between the obicularis and the orbital sept um, the dissection was extended bluntly upward to above the superior orbital rim . to advance the orbicilaris oculi muscle flap to the tarsal plate and to suture the flap with the tarsus directly. Results Based on cri teria of the ″satisfactory″results by Souther, postoperative results of all bl ep haroptosis of twenty-four eyes in fifteen paitents were satisfactory. Conclusion The orbicularis oculi muscle flap for correction of s evere blepharoptosis is simple and reliable technique, which has several advanta ges over the conventional frontalis muscle flap technique, such as single incis ion on the supratarsal fold, the preservation of the function of frontalis mucle , no depression on the forehead, no risk of neurovascular injury and no asymmet rical eyebrows in unilateral ptosis.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the development of the core competitive power of domestic vitamin C manufacturing enterprises.METHODS:To analyse the characteristic of vitamin C industry in China and the competitive situation in the new market enviroment after China entry into WTO and to study the value chain of Chinese enterprises.RESULTS&CONCLU?SION:In order to develop the new core competitive power,it is important to breed the core of value chain that is based on in?novation.

Objective To determine whether attention allocation deficits contribute to nonfluent aphasia during orthography, phonology, and semantic processing with Chinese characters. Methods Sixteen patients and sixteen controls participated in single and dual tasks. In the single task participants were required to read Chinese characters silently and to make radical, semantic, and final sound judgments (for example, whether the charactersincluded the sound 'ang' ) simultaneously. During the dual task the only difference was that the participants wereasked to read the presented characters aloud and make the same three judgments. Reaction time and error rate were recorded and analysed. Results Reaction times in orthographic judgment were significantly longer for patients than for controls in both task setups. The error rate was also significantly higher. The patients' reaction times in makingphonological judgments in the dual task were significantly longer than in the single task, but there was no significantdifference in error rates between the patients and the controls. In making semantic judgments, neither reaction times nor error rates differed significantly with either the single or dual task protocol. Conclusion Attention allocation deficits play a key role in Chinese character orthographic and phonological processing for nonfluent aphasia sufferers.

Objective To discuss the effect of modified venipuncture method on success rate of vcnipuncture, in order to alleviate the suffering of patients with emergency transfusion. Methods 380 cases of transfusion patients were randomly divided into the routine group and the modified group, rou-tine and modified venipuncture methods were applied to each group respectively. The success rate and pain response of each group were compared between the two groups by χ2 test. Results The success rate of venipuncture of the modified group was 93.50%, which was significantly higher than that of the routine group, and the rate of pain of the modified group was lighter than that of the routine group. Conclusions The modified venipuncture method can alleviate pain of patients, improve work efficien-cy and was worthy of clinical nursing application.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Dysuria ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Herpes Zoster ; complications ; virology ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Perineum ; virology