Ocular neovascularization,abnormal formation of new vessels from pre-existing capillaries,is a special pathologic change of many ocular diseases,including diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity,etc..Ocular neovascular diseases comprise the common causes of blindness in millions of people.Recent studies showed that kringle domains from many endogenous proteins inhibit the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in vitro and neovascular formation in vivo.Hence kringle domain with conservative structure has been considered as a potential inhibitor of neovascularization.The update studies on antiangiogenic kringle domains and its inhibition on ocular neovascularization were summarized.

Objective:To observe the tansdifferentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into cardiomyocyte in a coculture system with cardiomyocytes.Methods:Newly born Wistar Rats' cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured and the cells were labeled with DAPI.Prepared MSCs were planted into the cardiomyocytes dishes to establish a co-culture system.Supernatant liquid of the cardiomyocytes or fibroblast was added the MSCs(non-labeled) dishes as the control. After one week of coculture,fluorescence microscope observation and immunocytochemical staining with cTnT was performed to evaluate the phenotype changes in non-labeled MSCs.Results:MSCs and cardiomyocytes were connect with each other by net in culture plate after a few days of coculture;some non-labeled cells were positively stained by cTnT antibody while the MSCs cultured with cardiomyocytes or fibroblast supernatant liquid were stained negatively.Conclusion:To obtain cardiomyocyte phenotype in vitro,direct contact of MSCs with cardiomyocytes is essential.The signaling molecules induce MSCs' transformation into cardiomyocytes are likely some membrane proteins on the surface of cardiomyocytes.

0.05) respectively in groupC1-C4,while in groups T1-T5,the rates were 21%,28%,36%,40%,37.5% ( P 0.05).However,the differentiation rate of MSCs increased probably with the incubation time prolonged.During the procedure of MSCs differentiation,the expression pattern of some genes such as GATA4 and cTNT may make some difference.

This paper argues that the core idea of evidence-based medicine is to “follow the evidence”,whose essence is a model of clinical medical service,and a guiding ideology for the clinical practice.It has become a proper noun nowadays.The wording “evidence-based medicine teaching method”needs discussion, because “evidence-based medicine” and “teaching method” are lack of logical internal relations in concept.The teaching method of scientific sense has its own characteristics and requirements.To name a teaching method,it is necessary to define its peculiar connotation in teaching method,with specific procedures and steps to form a complete set of scientific method of teaching.

Objective To review the characteristics of human defensin 5 (HD 5), including molecular structure, antibacterial activity and gene expression, and to show its development prospect as a new drug in the treatment of enterogenic infection. Methods The published papers about HD 5 were reviewed to summarize its research progress. Results Being a 3-5 KDa cationic peptide rich in cysteine and arginine, especially without glycosylated side chain, HD 5 plays its antibacterial role against positive and negative Gram's bacterium, fungi, spirochete, protozoan and enveloped virus with the special active center composed of three disulfide bonds. HD 5 encoding gene alpha defensin 5 (DEFA 5) localizes at the 8th chromosome P21 pter with 449 bp, which includes five pieces of sequence: 5′ untranslated region (1-40),signal peptide (41-97), propiece (98-226), mature peptide (227-322),and Poly A (433-438).Conclusion As a broad spectrum and effective endogenous antimicrobial peptide, HD 5 would be a promising alternative peptide against enterogenic infection if the accessibility to its mass production is settled.

Infection can complicate different stages of acute pancreatitis.The probability of infection is related to the existence and extent ofpancreatic necrosis: up to 30% of patients with pancreatic necrosis develop infection.The timing of infection is variable and usually peaks in the second to fourth week after the onset of pancreatitis.IPN(infected pancreatic necrosis)is the most common type of secondary pancreatic infection.Infectious complications in severe acute pancreatitis are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.Antimicrobial therapy is one of the fundamental elements of therapy.Diagnosis of secondary pancreatic infection is challenging and radiologic characteristic (air bubble sign) and CT guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) are reliable diagnostic strategies.Antibioticuse should be rational in terms of a rational indication, a rational spectrum, and a rationalduration.Prophylactic antibiotics are not beneficial in improving prognosis.The only rational indication for antibiotics is documented infection.The empirical antibiotics should cover common microbials of hospital-acquired intra-abdominal infection and with good pancreatic penetration.Also, fungal infections are often present in thesepatients, and early diagnosis and antifungal coverage should be considered.Duration is in fact largely determined by the presence and efficacy of source control.When there is no or minimal residual infection left after a source control procedure, a duration of 7 to 10 days is probably sufficient.On the other hand, if the source of infection has not been removed completely, prolonged courses until the residual necrosis has been sterilized are necessary.

BACKGROUND: Multipotent differentiation ability enables mesenchymal stem cells from autologous bone marrow to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondroblasts, thereby promoting the formation of bones and cartilage. However, the osteogenic ability differs from each other, and whose osteogenic ability is the best still needs to be studied further. OBJECTIVE: To compare the osteogenic ability of fascia- and muscle-derived stem cells in rats. METHODS: Fascia- and muscle-derived cells were isolated from 20 rats, followed by flow cytometry sorting, and were then cultured. FDC-LacZ cells were transfected with retro-BMP4 virus twice. Afterwards, the transfection efficiency of fascia-derived cells was detected through LacZ and alkaline phosphatase staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with fascia-derived cells, muscle-derived cells showed stronger chondrogenic ability and produced more calcium deposition. These findings indicate that the osteogenic ability of muscle-derived cells is superior to that of fascia-derived cells in rats.

Objective To investigate the changes of cesarean section rate and indications in different level hospitals of different areas in China during 2000 to 2009. Methods Literatures published in Chinese journals on variation of cesarean section rate and indications from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed. Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the trend. The differences of cesarean section rate between different areas or different level hospitals were analyzed by chi-square test.Results Forty-nine papers were enrolled in this study.Cesarean section rate had risen from 2000 (32.1％,10 353/32 258) to 2009 (52.5％,3674/6992)(Z=-20.8267,P＜0.01).During 2000 to 2008,the average cesarean section rate of level one grade A hospital was 45.7％ (3754/8214),which was higher than 34.5％(25 015/72 507) in level three grade A hospital and 32.3％(28 140/87 121) in level two grade B hospital (P＜0.05,respectively).Except for level three grade A hospital,cesarean section rate had risen in the other two level hospitals during 2003 to 2008. The average cesarean section rate was 58.6％ (4982/8502) in northeast area during 2000 to 2007,which was higher than that of other areas (P＜0.01); and the average cesarean section rate was 27.5％ (12 264/44 595) in central China and 33.0％ (23 239/70 421) in southern China,which were lower than that of other areas (P＜ 0.01 ). Social factor,instead of dystocia,became the most important indication for cesarean section,and its proportion kept rising annually,from 11.3％ (1170/10 353) in 2000 to 27.1％(2094/7726) in 2008 and remained above 20.0％(5159/24 691) since 2004.The proportion of scar uterus rose from 6.7％(694/10 353) in 2000 to 12.5％ (459/3674) in 2009. Conclusions Cesarean section rate rises fast and its major indications had changed in China. It is suggested that special method should be taken to control the current situation.

Cancer-related fatigue survivors have been found to have lower morning serum cortisol levels, flattened diurnal cortisol cy-cles, and decreased cortisol responses to psychological stress. The mechanism may be related to the inflammation caused by disorder of hy-pothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, and there are also some evidences to support that cortisol can be used to reduce cancer-related fatigue. This study introduced the research progress of the relationship between cancer-related fatigue and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) is an exciting growing field in cardiovascular medicine.With the sophisticated improvement of biomedical engineering,development of PPVI offers people a new way of less invasive techniques to treat these groups of patients with pulmonary valvular regurgitation over the past several years.New stent designs and operative and interventional hybrid approaches are under investigation.This nonsurgical approach has been proven to be feasible and holdpromise,although many obstacles still exist.At the present time,PPVI has been widely used in clinical in the United States and European countries,but in our country,only a small number of cases reports have been published.With wider application and development of PPVI,cumulative experiences and long-term follow-up of PPVI therapies,better criteria will be established for patient election.Complications will be reduced and safer and more effective treatment results will be achieved.PPVI therapies will be applied to a larger subset of patients and become an important alternative to future conventional pulmonary valve replacement.