Objective: To establish the quality control standards for Compound Bushen Granule (CBG) (Radix Astagali, Fructus Psoraleae Semen Cuscutae, Fructus Lycii, etc.). Methods: Radix Astragali, Semen Cuscutae, Fructus Lycii in CBG were identified by TLC, and the content of psoralen and isopsoralen were determined by HPLC. Results: Radix Astragali, Semen Cuscutae, Fructus Lycii could be identified by TLC, the psoralen showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.0153?g～0.230?g, r=0.9999 , the average recovery was 102.4%, and RSD was 2.7%, respectively; the isopsoralen showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.0183?g～0.275?g, r=0.9999, the average recovery was 102.4%, and RSD was 2.7% , respectively. Conclusion: The method is accurate and can be used for the quality control of Compound Bushen Granule.

The clinical classification of metastatic spinal tumors is based on the degree of malignancy, nervous system function, osteoclasia, and prognosis of patients. The application of this classification system is relatively simple. The assessment and evaluation of patients to estimate the period of survival can guide the individualized treatment of patients. Patients with clear surgical indications can choose to undergo a palliative operation, tumor resection, or total spondylectomy. Alternatively, other patients can opt to have mini-mally invasive surgery aside from the normal surgical approach. Stereotactic radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy combined with the use of radiofrequency ablation, radiation, and other therapies can achieve local tumor control, relieve pain, and main-tain normal neurological function. Thus, the quality of life of the patient is improved. Percutaneous vertebroplasty, radiofrequency abla-tion, spinal endoscopy, and other modern forms of minimally invasive surgery will have more applications in the treatment of spinal metastatic tumors.

Translational medicine is a new term recently which aims to eliminate the barrier between preclinical and clinical medicine,to efficiendy and effectively translate basic scientific findings into drugs and medical devices that benefits patients.This article discussed the meaning of translational medicine in cultivating postgraduates of neurology.According to the preliminary attempt,it is beneficial for postgraduates to form translational medicine philosophy and be high-quality medical talents.

Multimedia teaching was not often used in pediatric surgery teaching in department of pediatrics.We used multimedia courseware to assist teaching in clinical teaching for 2007 grade seven-year-program students in Chongqing medical university.Results showed that this method improved students' learning enthusiasm,initiative and interests and laid a good foundation for the smooth development of their clinical practice.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is one of the most common dementia types in the elderly population. Its incidence is only second to Alzheimer's disease. At present, the diagnosis of VaD mainly based on the clinical manifestations, neuroimaging and neuropsychological scales of the patients. It still lacks higher sensitive and specific metabolism indexes. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a noninvasive technique for detecting the energy of living tissues and the changes of metabolism. In recent years, it has been more and more used to patients with VaD and has achieved initial results in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and cognition-related studies of

Objective To study the effect of different dialysis modalities on pruritus in uremic patients .Methods Patients with maintenance hemodialysis who were suffered with severe cutaneous pruritus were randomly divided into hemodialysis group (HD group) ,hemodialysis combined with hemodiafiltration group (HD+ HDF group) ,hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration combined with hemoperfusion group (HD+ HDF+ HP group) .Plasma P3+ ,parathyroid hormone (PTH) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) were measured at pre-dialysis ,1 weeks ,4 weeks and 12 weeks after dialysis ,cutaneous pruritus was scored too .Results Compared with pre-dialysis ,the level of plasma P3+ ,PTH ,β2-MG and the scores of cutaneous pruritus were significantly lower at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after dialysis in HD+ HDF+ HP group (P<0 .05) .The were statistically significant difference in P3+ ,PTH ,β2-MG and cu-taneous pruritus scores among 3 groups after 12 weeks (P<0 .05) .Conclusion HD+ HDF+ HP is superior to HD+ HDF in effi-ciently clear P3+ ,PT H andβ2-M G ,and relief cutaneous pruritus and itching .

Endocannabinoid system has several kinds of receptors, all of which have correspondence ligands and pathways of synthesis and degradation, and they belong to G-protein coupled receptors family. Recently studies show that stimulation of cannabinoid receptors has inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal motility and secretion. In this article, we introduce the compositions of the cannabinoid family members, includingtheir receptors, ligands, and antagonists, and their effects on the gastrointestinal motility and secretion. Useful information can be provided for the further study on the effects of endocannabinoid system on gastrointestinal motility and secretion, providing theoretic evidences for clinical use of cannabinoid.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.018

Non-responding pneumonia describes the situation, in which an inadequate clinical response is present de-spite antibiotic treatment. The incidence of treatment failure in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) can range up to 31%. At present, the diagnosis and treatment of this kind of disease remain a great challenge to CAP. For this reason, several stud-ies have attempted to establish risk factors and new strategies for the treatment of non-responding pneumonia. This article re-views the progress of the pathogeny and treatment of non-responding CAP.

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention measures on reducing the bacterial colonization of the intensive care unit (ICU)bedside notebook computer keyboards and mice.Methods According to bacterial contamination of ICU bedside notebook computer keyboards and mice,comprehensive intervention meas-ures were taken (including wiping computer keyboards and mice with alcohol twice a day,intensifying hand hy-giene,and monitoring hand-washing compliance),specimens of keyboards and mice were taken,bacterial detection results were analyzed.Results Before intervention,bacterial counts of keyboards and mice of 8 specimens were all>5 CFU/cm2 ,detection rate of Bacillus subtilis was 64.71 %,Micrococcus ,coagulase negative staphylococcus, Acinetobacter baumannii ,and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 17.65%-58.82%,Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were both 5.88%.After comprehensive intervention measures were taken,bacterial counts of only two specimens of keyboards and mice were >5 CFU/cm2 ,the qualified rate of monitoring result after intervention was significantly higher than before intervention (88.24% vs 52.94%;χ2 =5.10,P <0.05).Conclusion Compre-hensive intervention measures can significantly reduce bacterial count on ICU bedside notebook computer keyboards and mice,and decrease the occurrence of healthcare-associated infection.