Since last century, drug discovery efforts mostly focus on searching for chemicals which can inhibit some specific steps in a well-described disease pathway. However, this kind of highly specific inhibitors can not be effective for complex diseases, like cancer, diabetes, schizophrenia and mental illness. Therefore, we need to rethink the drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the strategies of selection of cellular signal transduction networks and their dynamics as the targets for drug discovery and pharmacological treatments will be discussed. The properties and analytical methods of these signal transduction networks, internet sources and software tools for performing these strategies will be described. Strategies and procedures of using network-based drug discovery will be emphasized, including multi-targets drug design and network-based drug discovery.

Since last century, drug discovery efforts mostly focus on searching for chemicals which can inhibit some specific steps in a well-described disease pathway. However, this kind of highly specific inhibitors can not be effective for complex diseases, like cancer, diabetes, schizophrenia and mental illness. Therefore, we need to rethink the drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the strategies of selection of cellular signal transduction networks and their dynamics as the targets for drug discovery and pharmacological treatments will be discussed. The properties and analytical methods of these signal transduction networks, internet sources and software tools for performing these strategies will be described. Strategies and procedures of using network- based drug discovery will be emphasized, including multi-targets drug design and network-based drug discovery.

Objective To determine the time course of fecal calprotectin (FC) excretion in preterm infants in the first two weeks of life and to identify influencing factors of FC levels.To explore whether FC may be an useful marker for the identification of gastrointestinal conditions in preterm infants.Methods FC concentration was measured using ELISA in 141 samples (50-100 mg)obtained from 47 preterm infants(gestational age less than 32 weeks or birth weight less than 1 200 grams)at birth,on day 7 and on day 14(The following was called FC1,FC2 and FC3 level for short).Results FC3 level was significantly higher than FC1 and FC2 levels (P ＜0.05),there were no significant differences between FC1 and FC2 levels in the 47 preterm infants(P ＞ 0.05).The FC1 level in infants whose mothers had antenatal infection was significantly higher(P ＜ 0.05).The FC2 level was negatively correlated with the antibiotic courses(r =-0.325,P ＜ 0.05).The FC2 level in infants with feeding intolerance was significantly lower than that in infants with feeding tolerance(P ＜ 0.05).The FC2 level in infants with feeding tolerance and the FC3 level in infants with feeding intolerance were positively correlated with the volume of enteral feeds,respectively (r =0.433,0.479,P ＜ 0.05).Contusion Antenatal infection and postnatal enteral feeds may lead to an increase in the excretion of FC in preterm infants.FC level was associated with enteral feeding and may be a useful marker for evaluation of gastrointestinal function in preterm infants.

Objective To develop an analytical method by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) for the determination of organic chloride pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in prophyra Methods The samples were extracted by an acetone-hexane(7∶3,V/V) mixture first,then were purified by C18 solid-phase extraction(SPE),and then were determined with GC-MS.Results The linear range was 0.01-5.0 ?g/ml,the limits of detection were 0.05-0.32 ng/g(dry weight) and 0.25-0.56 ng/g(dry weight)for organic chloride pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons respectively.The recovery rates and relative standard deviation for organic chloride pesticides were 74.27%-121.49% and 3.19 %-17.31% relatively;the recovery rates and relative standard deviation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 65.10%-119.26% and 2.75%-14.11% relatively.Organic chloride pesticides were partly detected,but the detection rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was higher.Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in all samples but dibenz(a,h)-anthracene.Conclusion This method is sensitive,accurate and applicable to the determination of organic chloride pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in prophyra.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the testing method of the related substances in nifedipine sustained-release tablets (Ⅰ).METHODS:The chromatographic condition was in line with the "State Drug Standard".In computing the contents of foreign substances,the standard of "it is negligible if the peak area of foreign substances was less than 10% of the peak area of Nifedipine in the standard solution" was improved to be "it is negligible if the peak area of foreign substances was less than 2%of the peak area of Nifedipine in the standard solution".RESULTS:The contents of the foreign substances determined in accordance with the "National Drug Standard" weresignificantly different from those determined by the improved method (0.00%,0.08%,0.29%,0.14 % vs.0.10%,0.21%,0.51%,0.27%,respectively).CONCLUSION:The improved method can help improve the standard drug quality in that the contents of the foreign substances can be strictly kept under control.

Objective To investigate the incidence of adult epilepsy patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the characteristics of ADHD subtypes, and to explore the correlations between several epilepsy-related factors and ADHD. Methods According to corresponding inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 82 adult epilepsy patients from March 2012 to March 2016 were enrolled as study group. Eighty-two healthy adults were enrolled as the control group. Using the Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis and the other statistical methods, the phenomenon of ADHD in adults with epilepsy and the factors that may contribute to the phenomenon was analyzed. Results The detection rate of ADHD in 82 adult patients with epilepsy was 26.8%(22/82), significantly higher than that in the heathly control group which was 4.9%(4/82),χ2=18.672, P<0.05. Symptomatic epilepsy 8/17 and the electroencephalogram showed multifocal discharge 6/14 had higher detection rate of comorbid ADHD and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that epilepsy age of onset was possibly an important factor for epilepsy with ADHD (B=-0.891, P<0.05). Conclusions The risk of ADHD in adults with epilepsy is higher than that in the healthy adults and attention-deficit is the common subtype. The etiology, age of onset and electroencephalogram features of adults with epilepsy may be associated with the occurrence of ADHD.

Objective:To analyse the salivary cortisol changes in patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMD)after electrical stimulation,and the relationship between cortisol and pain catastrophizing.Methods:1 1 TMD and 1 1 healthy subjects were evoked by electrical stimulation.The saliva samples were collested before test,50 s and 1 00 s of stimulation after test seperately.Salivary cortisol was analysed by ELISA kit.The pain catastrophizing scale(PCS)was answered by all the subjects before stimulation.Data were statis-tically analysed.Results:The salivary cortisol concentration in TMD patients was higher than that in the controls(P <0.05).After stimulation,it showed a downward trend.No interaction between time and groups.The total scores of PCS including three indexes(ru-mination,magnification,helpless)were positively correlated with salivary cortisol concentration.Conclusion:The unpredictable stress causes high level of cortisol.which is related to pain catastrophizing.

AIM: To investigate effect of autogenous conjunctival flap transplantation in the treatment of severe fungal corneal ulcer.
METHODS: A total of 83 cases ( 83 eyes ) with severe fungal corneal ulcer treated in our hospital from Jan. 2013 to Jan. 2016 were selected. Among them, 36 cases ( 36 eyes) were treated with drug therapy, and 47 patients(47 eyes ) were treated with autogenous conjunctival flap transplantation, two group did fungal culture and identification, observed the two groups treatment effect.RESULTS:The effective rate of surgical treatment group was 89%, significantly higher than that of drug treatment group, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05 ); The effective rate of surgical treatment of filamentous bacteria was 92%, which was significantly higher than that of drug treatment, the difference was statistically significant(P<0. 05). The effective rates of surgical treatment and drug treatment of yeast were 80%and 78%, the difference was not statistically significant( P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Autologous conjunctival flap transplantation in the treatment of severe fungal corneal ulcer has good curative effect. The operation is simple, worthy of recommendation method. Filamentous bacterial corneal ulcer without good drug therapy effect, surgical treatment should be performed in a timely manner to improve the curative effect.