Diabetic foot is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes. Early detection and prompt treatment is of great significance to the prevention of diabetic foot. Imaging is the most convenient and effective method for making an early diagnosis of diabetic foot, and imaging examination can directly and accurately reveal the peripheral vascular disorders, peripheral neuropathy, soft tissue complications, muscle and tendon lesions, bone complications, etc. thus the lesion’s extent can be exactly evaluated, which provides reliable basis for the selection and evaluation of the clinical therapeutic scheme. This paper aims to make a general review about the recent imaging research progress in diabetic foot.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the summarization of ginkgo leaf extract in treating senile disease so as to provide references for clinical application and scientific design.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Tsinghua Full-text Database was undertaken to retrieve articles about ginkgo leaf extract, senile disease and cardio-cerebral vascular disease in Chinese between January 1994 and October 2005, and the key words were ginkgo leaf extract,senium and cardio-cerebral vessels.STUDY SELECTION: All articles were selected firstly in treatment group and control group, those were relevant to nonrandom researches were excluded, and full text of the rest articles was looked up further. Inclusion criteria: ① randomized controlled study; ② experimental or clinical researches including those in parallel control group; ③ studies by using ginkgo leaf extract in treatment group. Exclusion criteria: repetitive investigations.DATA EXTRACTION: The 221 random and nonrandom articles about therapeutical effect of ginkgo leaf extract on senile disease were collected,and 25 animal experiments or clinical investigations were also included.However, among 196 papers, 175 were excluded because of nonrandom or repetitive trials, and 21 because of review papers.DATA SYNTHESIS: There were 1 099 patients and 355 animals in 25 experiments. The research results showed that ginkgo leaf extract could regulate level of lipid and improve resistance of insulin on the aspect of treating diabetes mellitus (DM); effectively improve hypercoagulable state and hemorheological property on the aspect of treating hypertension; increase contents of levarterenol and 5-serotonin, protect cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury through up-regulating expression of Bcl-2 protein and down-regulating expression of Bax protein, and improve hemorheological indexes of patients with cerebral infarction and diabetes mellitus on the aspect of treating cardio-cerebral vascular disease; protect activity of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enzyme in cerebral tissue, inhibit injured effect of oxygen-derived free radicals on mitochondrial RNA, delay cerebral senility, and improve learning and memory ability of senile rats on the aspect of treating anti-senility and senile dementia. Ginkgo leaf extract has been widely used in treating hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cerebral senility, senile dementia, cardio-cerebral vascular disease, etc., but there are no reports on side events.CONCLUSION: Ginkgo leaf extract is a valuable drug and also has a wonderful prospect in treating senile disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of angelica polysaccharide (APS) on bioactivity of bone marrow macrophage (BMM?) and its relationship to hematopoietic regulation, for clarifying the hematonic mechanism of Angelica sinensis. Methods The techniques of hematopoietic progenitor cell culture and BMM? culture in vitro, biological assay of hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) in culture media of BMM?, immunocytochemistry, and nucleic acid in situ hybridization were used. Results The culture supernatant of BMM? induced by APS can enhance the CFU-Mix, CFU-E, CFU-GM; the expression of erythropoietin (EPO), GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-6 protein in BMM? induced by APS was much stronger than that in the control group at different levels; the expression of EPO mRNA and GM-CSF mRNA in BMM? induced by APS were intensified. Conclusion APS may directly and/or indirectly stimulate the BMM? in hematopoietic inductive microenvironment to accelerate the synthesis and secretion of hematopoietic regulation factors on the basis of gene and protein level, such as EPO, GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-6, which in turn to promote the proliferation and differentiation of CFU-Mix, CFU-E, and CFU-GM.

Objective To compare the efficacy between the brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with the whole radiotherapy group (treatment group) and only radiotherapy group (control group) in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.Methods The clinical data of 53 non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis were retrospectively reviewed,including 27 cases in treatment group and 26 cases in control group.Results The remission rates were 77.8 ％ (21/27) and 69.2 ％ (18/26) respectively in treatment group and control group.The improvement rates of Kamofsky in the treatment group and control group were 66.7 ％ (18/27) and 30.8 ％ (8/26),the stable rates were 22.2 ％ (6/27) and 30.8 ％ (8/26),the decrease rates were 11.1％ (3/27) and 38.5 ％ (10/26).The remission rates of clinical sympotoms were 92.6 ％ (25/27) and 69.2 ％ (18/26) respectively in treatment group and control group.The difference of remission rate between two groups has no statistic significance (P ＞ 0.05),while the difference of the quality of life and clinical sympotoms between two groups were significant respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with the whole radiotherapy can relieve clinical sympotoms and improve the quality of life of patients,and may play a role on improving the effect of radiotherapy.

The binding of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2)to the antioxidant response elements(ARE)can start the expression of batches of antioxidant proteins,anti-inflammatory factors and detoxification enzymes. Nrf2/ARE signalling plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammation and in preventing xenobiotics induced lesions. Besides involvenment in physiological processes,such as regulating nutrient metabolism,Nrf2/ARE signalling also functions in the pathogenesis of various dieases. This review outlines the strcuture,functions,and regulation of Nrf2/ARE signal pathways.

Objective We have recently shown that 5-azacytidine and butyrate can trigger apoptosis in human liver cancer cells. The purpose of our present study was to determine the effects of 5-azacytidine and butyrate on the invasion of liver cancer cells and the changes of the protein expression in the liver cancer cells during the treatment with these agents. Method Human liver cancer cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B were treated with either 5-azacytidine or butyrate; in vitro cell invasion, adhesion and proliferation, as well as the expression of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p21waf1, p27kip1 and p53 were observed.Results Our results demonstrated that the combination of 5-azacytidine and butyrate effectively blocked in vitro invasion of these two liver cancer cell lines. Both agents inhibited the adhesion and proliferation of the liver cancer cells. The expression of p21waf1 and p27kip1 protein in the liver cancer cells was increased by the treatment with either agent. These two proteins may contribute to the inhibition of the liver cancer cells invasion.Conclusion Our finding suggests that the agents that specifically target the cell cycle inhibitor genes may clinically useful in the adjuvant treatment of liver cancers.

Objective To investigate the interaction between endometrium and embryo under the co-culture condition during the planting window stage. Methods Twenty patients who cancelled transplant for OHSS in the Reproductive Center of the second affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university were enrolled.The discarded embryos were used to build the embryos co-culture system (Group A), with a single membrane (group B) and a single embryo(group C)as the control group. Levels of LIF and IGF expression and embryo growth were checked on 3, 4,5,6,7 day post-oocyte retrieval. Results Expressions of LIF mRNA and IGF mRNA in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B. Embryo growth in the Group A was better than that in Group C. Conclusion Co-culture of endometrium and embryo supports the development of embryo and improves the receptivity of endometrium.

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of CXCL10 on immune-mediated liver injury.Methods:The CXCL10 expression vector was injected into mice by hydrodynamic injection.The levels of CXCL10 in the liver were measured 72 hours after injection.Concanavalin A (ConA) was injected into mice to induce immune-mediated liver injury.The levels of alanine a minotransferase (ALT),tissue damage,IFN-γ,TNF-α and percentages and numbers of regulatory T cells were tested and compared between CXCL10 expression group and control group.Results:The levels of CXCL10 in the liver were significantly increased at 72 hours after CXCL10 expression vector was injected.The pretreatment of CXCL10 expression vector markedly reduced ConA-induced ALT levels,IFN-γlevels and TNF-α levels.Additionally,the pretreatment of CXCL10 expression vector increased the percentages and numbers of regulatory T ceils in the liver.Conclusion:The pretreatment of CXCL10 expression vector decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines and attenuates ConA-induced liver injury,which might be beneficial for the treatment for immune-mediated liver injury.

Textbooks are the base of teaching.The physiology textbooks used in medical education was compared between China and the United States.Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology was chosen as the major representative of the United States.The overall framework, the selection and arrangement of the contents, the application of tables and pictures, and the relationship between basic medicine and clinical medicine were discussed.This paper may provide some information for remodeling of specialized course system and teaching contents of physiology, especially for improving the constructive quality of textbooks in the future.

By analyzing the current ineffective condition of college English teaching,the article puts forward practical measures in terms of purpose of English learning,classroom teaching,and the creation of after class language environment,aiming to promote the efficiency of college English teaching.