Protein Kinase C(PKC) plays a key role in carcinogenesis and metastasis,therefore,PKC is the potential molecular target to develop the treatments of cancer.Currently several PKC inhibitors have entered the clinical research stage,at the same time they also bring new challenges to research and development of anti-cancer drugs targeting PKC.The article will review the recent role of PKC in cancer and the progress of inhibitors targeting PKC.

Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition(EMT) plays a key role in the formation of embryo.At present,it is believed that EMT also contribute to the metastasis of primary tumors.A lot of signaling pathways participate in EMT,such as Wnt/?-catenin,Notch,Hedgehog,TGF? and growth factor receptors.The drugs that affect these pathways may play an important part in oncotherapy.

More and more interest has been put on the investigations of saccharides recent years. Saccharides have a vast number of bioactivities and the immunomodulating effect of saccharides is one of the important mechanisms via which saccharides exert their bioactivities. Saccharides exert their bioactivities mainly by interacting with all kinds of saccharide receptors on cells, followed by a series of signal transduction process. In the present paper, numerous saccharide receptors and the characters of the mutual interaction between saccharides and their receptors are summarized.

Integrin is an important cellular adhesion molecule,which mediates many biologic actions such as cell-cell adhesion or cell-extracellular matrix adhesion.The relationship between integrin and tumor metastasis,as well as the important role of integrin during tumor progress,is reviewed in this article,which gives us the theoretical base for new pathways of cancer treatment.

It is well known that oligosaccharides in glycoproteins and glycolipids play crucial roles in a variety of cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, and intercellular communications. The oligosaccharides of cell are increasingly being recognized as one of the most prominent biochemical alterations associated with malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. Glycosylations in different cell cycle and cell growth periods are significantly distinct, and these differences affect the cell cycle progression. In the past decades, along with the advances in genomics and proteomics, the functional significance of cancer-associated changes in glycosylation has been revealed. Eukaryotic organisms depend on an intricate and evolutionary conserved cell cycle to control cell devision. Mistakes in cell cycle process lead to cancer. This review highlights the relations between cell cycle and glycosylation changes in cancer cells.

DNA topoisomerase is a basic enzyme in eucaryon and prokaryotic cells, which distributes in cell nucleus generally. DNA topoisomerase plays important roles in the process of duplication, transcription, translation, recombination and chromosome monomer isolation to control, keep and modify the DNA topology. It is reported that DNA topoisomerase has a high expression level, which related with the mechanism of many antitumor drugs.

Lymphocytes from thymus, spleen, macrophages and endothelial cells w.ere incubated with the fluorescent probe of 911-FITC and the colouring method with flow cytometry and fluorescent microscope was reviewed in this paper. The results indicated that 911-FITC could specifically bind to lymphocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells. These findings suggested that 911 could play a immunomodulatory effect by direct combination with immu-nocytes.

Objective To investigate the effect of collaborative care model on diseases attitude and self-efficacy of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods Ninety-six cases of patients with chronic hepatitis B were selected. Forty-seven cases who were hospitalized from June 2015 to December 2015 were seemed as the control group, while 49 cases who were hospitalized from January 2016 to June 2016 were seemed as the collaboration group. Patients in control group were accepted routine care measures for chronic hepatitis B. Patients in collaboration group were accepted collaboration care measure on the basis of routine care, including patient assessment and collaboration care program development, health knowledge for patients and their families guiding and basic skills training, and psychological guidance intervention. Respectively, at admitting to hospital and after intervention 4 weeks, the diseases attitude of patients with chronic hepatitis B diseases, self-care ability and self-efficacy were assessed. Results There were no significant differences in attitude score, self-care ability score, self-efficacy score before intervention between two groups (P>0.05). They were improved after intervention compared with before intervention, the difference was statistically significant (t=3.197-25.376, P<0.01 or 0.05). The attitude in the face, avoid and give up score respectively in collaborative nursing group after intervention were (28.2±5.3), (9.8±4.2), (5.1±1.7) points, and (23.4±4.1), (14.1±3.8), (8.2±1.9) points in control group, the difference was statistically significant (t = 4.393, 4.220, 9.285, P < 0.01). The health knowledge of self-care ability, self-care skill, since the sense of responsibility, self-concept scale in collaborative nursing group after intervention were (48.2±3.4), (39.5±4.0), (33.1±5.5), (29.1±3.7) points, and (39.4±4.2), (30.2± 3.5), (24.7±4.8), (25.2±3.5) points in control group, the difference was statistically significant (t=5.137-11.286, P<0.01). The self-efficacy in each entry score and total score in collaborative nursing group were (3.4 ± 0.7), (31.5 ± 4.6) points and (2.8 ± 0.4), (20.7 ± 5.1) points in control group, the difference were statistically significant (t=5.288, 14.579, P<0.01). Conclusions Collaborative care model could help chronic hepatitis B patients to establish correct disease attitude, improve self-care ability and enhance self-efficacy.

Objective To study the clinical value of serum FL-6 detection in patients with Graves. Methods The level of IL-6 was detected in 75 Graves patients and controls with ELISA, the correlation between IL-6, other function parameter (T3, T4, etc.) and immune indicators (TRAb) were analyzed. Results The level of IL-6 in Graves patients was(1. 84 ±1. 58) ng/L, which was significantly higher than the healthy controls(l. 28 ±0.46)ng/L (t=2.55,P<0.05).IL-6 was positive correlation with T3(r =0. 55) ,T4(r =0. 40) ,FT4(r =0. 36) , FT3(r = 0. 35)and TRAb(r = 0. 47) (P <0. 05)and was negative correlation with TSH(r= -0. 58, P < 0. 05). Conclusions IL-6 can be used as a good index of immune derangement and thyroid function disorders in Grave patients.

The expression of sLea/x which correlates with conventional histopathologic parameters serves as a useful indicator for the prognosis of metastatic disease. The bindings between sLea/x and their common ligand E-selectin initiate hematogenous metastasis of cancer. Certain bioactive conformation is crucial for the interaction between sLea/x and their ligands. Thus, a new class of compounds that mimic the structures of sLea/x can potently inhibit not only their functional bindings to selectins, but also the metastasis of cancer. This review is mainly on the sLea/x molecular structure,biosynthesis,distribution, especially the relationship between sLea/x and hematogenous metastasis of cancer and the design of drugs that mimic the structures of sLea/x.