Amounts of tanshenoside Ⅰ in cultivated Ludangshen of different years of cultivation history was determined by TLC densitometry in comparison with that in wildly grown Ludangshen and cultivated Taidangshen. Results showed that tanshenoside Ⅰ in cultivated Ludangshen decreases with increased years of cultivation history while that in cultivated Taidangsihen is slightly lower than that of Ludangshen of the same years of cultivation. Tanshenosde Ⅰ in wild Taidangshen is also lower than that in cultivated Taidangshen

Objective To observe the effects of happy family cognitive training on patients with vascular cognitive impairment. Meth-ods From April, 2015 to April, 2016, 80 patients with vascular cognitive impairment were divided randomly into happy family cognitive training group (n=40) and control group (n=40). Both groups accepted routine medicine and rehabilitation exercise, while the happy family cognitive training group received happy family cognitive training additionally. They were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Results The scores of MoCA and ADL improved more in the family cognitive training group than in the control group after treatment (t>5.454, P<0.001). Conclusion Happy family cogni-tive training is effective on vascular cognitive impairment, for cognitive function and activities of daily living.

Objective To understand the progress in schistosomiasis resoareh over the last l0 years through a biblimetrie approaeh.Methods The literature was searched in Web of Science citation database (1998-2008)by using the following terms: schistosomiasis* or schistosoma or schistosome. The searching results were analyzed by the Derwent Analytics software concerning the article numbers and the total citations by countries,institutes and authors, and journal distribution, in an effort to discover schistosomiasis research progress in and outside China. Results The annual number of schistosomiasis articles published in Web of Science had little change from 1998 to 2008.The US phyed a leading role in the schistosomiasis research in the world.China had made a great progress in schistosomiasis research in the past years.but Was still lagging behind developed countries.The vaccine and drug development,the immune mechanisms resulting in morbidity were the focuses of schistosomiasis research in the world.Meanwhile.the transcriptome and proteome of Schistosoma japonicum,schistosomiasis vaccines and drugs,spatial epidemiology Were the focuses of research in China.Conclusion The research of schistosomiasis in China has been progressing rapidly,but is still lagging behind its international peers.

Objective To understand the diagnostic value of blink reflex (BR) in central neuropathy by observing the variations of blink reflex in diabetic patients. Methods Electrical pulse was used to stimulate the supraorbital nerve at the supraorbital notch. The responses of bilateral orbicular muscles of the eye were recorded, the variations of the latency and amplitude of R 1 and R 2 recorded on the side of stimulation and of R′ 2 recorded on the contralateral side were measured. Results There was significant prolongation in the latency and lowering of the amplitude of R 1, R 2 and R′ 2 in the diabetic patients compared with the control group. The abnormality rate of BR increased gradually with the prolongation of diabetic duration. Conclusion BR examination might provide an objective index for nervous damage in diabetic patients and it is helpful in early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.

Objective To evaluate the dose distribution of target volume and normal tissues with different treatment planning such as three dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT) ,simplified intensity modulated radiotherapy(sIMRT) ,and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with radically resected rectal cancer. Methods Ten male patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer after radical resection (Dixon surgery) were enrolled in this study. 3-field or 5-field 3DCRT,slMRT and 5-field or 7-field IMRT plans were performed for each patient. The dose distributions of target volume and normal tissues,conformal index(CI) and heterogeneous index(HI) were analyzed using the dose-volume histogram(Dvit). The prescription dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Results The CI for PTV of IMRT and sIMRT was superior to 3DCRT. Conversely,the HI for PTV of 3DCRT was superior to sIMRT and IMRT. sIMRT and IMRT can protect the organs at risk better than 3DCRT. The mean of total MU for 3DCRT3f,3DCRT5f, sIMRT, IMRT5f and IMRTT7f was 482±13,504±11,455±42,841±36 and 884±46, respectively. Conclusions Comparing with 3DCRT plans and IMRT plans, sIMRT plan was the optimal plan for clinical practice. All of the three radiotherapy techniques can protect the rectal stump and anal canal well with the prescription dose of 50 Gy.

BACKGROUND: As a convenient and useful physical activity measurement tool,pedometer is widely used in research and intervention about physical activity of population. OBJECTIVE: To assess validity and reliability of the pedometer in measuring daily physical activity. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: The experiment was performed at the Department of Kinesiology,Nanjing Institute of Physical Education and Sports from April to June 2007. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty college students,15 majoring in Kinesiology and 15 majoring in social and physical education,15 females and 15 males,with an average age of (20?1) years,were selected from Nanjing Institute of Physical Education and Sports. METHODS: Participants wore a Digi-Walker200 for one week to record results of pedometer measurement,and filled in Bouchard Physical Activity Diary every day to note activity in 24 hours and calculate energy consumption. All participants completed International Physical Activity Questionnaire including large and moderate intensity activity,walking and sitting in a week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily steps,energy expenditure,sedentary time,waking time,exercise time,and weekly physical activity condition. RESULTS: Step counts were positively correlated with daily energy expenditure,walking time,and exercise time,and negatively related with sedentary time. Step counts of different physical activity levels were significantly different: more step counts could better reflect physical activity levels. Furthermore,exercise or continuous walking (more than 15 minutes) could significantly increase step counts. Daily physical activity including 30-minute moderate intensity activity could achieve or exceed the target steps of 10 000. CONCLUSION: Pedometer provides a useful and objective indicator of daily step counts assessing daily physical activity,but it is difficult to reflect activity intensity and patterns.

Objective To observe the bacteriostatic effect of chitosan lactate with different relative molecular masses in vitro. Methods The MICs of the chitosans lactate with different relative molecular masses against the usual pathogens were detected,and the MBCS against two standard strains were also determined. Levofloxacin hydrochloride was used as a control drug. Results The MIC90 of chitosan lactate with 10,30,50kDa against 50 strains of gram-positive cocci and 50 strains of gram-negative bacilli were 0.5,1~4,0.5~4mg?mL-1 and 1~4,0.5~1 ,0.5~4mg?mL-1,respectively. The MIC90 of levofloxacin hydrochloride against the 50 strains of gram-positive cocci and 50 strains of gram-negative bacilli were 4～8 and 8～16?g?mL-1,respectively. ATCC 25923 strain of S.aureus and ATCC 25922 strain of E.coli could be killed by 10kDa chitosan lactate in the concentration of 4mg?mL-1. The MBCS of levofloxacin hydrochloride against ATCC25923 strain of S.aureus and ATCC 25922 strain of E.coli were 2 and 4?g?mL-1,respectively. Conclusion The 4 species of the experimental bacteria could be inhibited by the chitosan lactate with 10,30 and 50kDa Mr in vitro,but the inhibitory effect of the chitosan lactate with 10kDa Mr was stronger among them. ATCC 25923 strain of S.aureus and ATCC25923 strain of E.coli could be killed only by 10kDa chitosan lactate in vitro,not by others.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of polymer in Cefotaxime sodium and tazobactam sodium(6∶1)for injection. METHODS:High performance size exclusion chromatography(HPSEC)was performed on the column of TSK-GEL G2000SWXL with mobile phase of 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 254 nm,injection volume was 10 μl and the column temperature was 25 ℃. RESULTS:Cefotaxime and the poly-mers were well-separated;the linear range of cefotaxime was 2.3-226.4 ng(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision and reproducibility tests were no more than 0.79%;results of durability test showed the changes of column temperature,flow rate,wavelength,pH and mobile phase salt concentration had little effects on the separation among different polymer peaks and between polymer peaks and main peaks. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,specific and sensitive,and can be used for the content determination of poly-mer in Cefotaxime sodium and tazobactam sodium(6∶1)for injuction.

Objective To study the treatment effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist?α( GnRH?α) different drug consolidation therapy time on endometriosis patients received endometriosis laparoscopic surgery?Methods Seventy cases endometriosis patients received endometriosis laparoscopic surgery in the People's Hospital of Meizhou from May 2012 to March 2014 were enrolled for study and randomly divided into 6 months group and 3 months group according to different time of GnRH?αtreatment?Then hormone levels, inflammatory mediators, follow?up condition and treatment outcome were compared between the two groups?Results The total effective rate of 6 months group was 97?14%( 34/35) ,significantly higher than that of 3 months group(80?00%(28/35)),the difference was significant(χ2 =5?081,P<0?05)?Serum follicle stimulating hormone( FSH) ,progesterone( LH) ,estradiol( E2) levels of 6 months group were significantly lower than 3 months group,the differences were significant((2?42±0?33) U/L vs?(3?79±0?42),(3?49±0?45) U/L vs?(5?12±0?60) U/L,(89?48±10?23) ng/L vs? (130?48±16?85) ng/L;t=15?174,12?858,12?305;P<0?05)?Serum TNF?α,IL?6,IL?8 levels of 6 months group were significantly lower than 3 months group,the differences were significant((18?48±2?23) ng/L vs?(31?49±4?05) ng/L,(14?45±2?18) ng/L vs?(23?49 ±2?95) ng/L,(35?29±4?52) ng/L vs? (58?49±7?28) ng/L;t=16?648,14?580,16?017;P<0?05)?The pregnancy rate,pain relief rate of 6 months group were significantly higher than 3 months group(51?43%(18/35) vs?22?86%(8/35),74?29%(26/35) vs?40?00%(14/35)),the recurrence rate was significantly lower than that 3 months group(8?57%(3/35) vs?31?43%(11/35)),the differences were significant(χ2=6?118, 8?400,5?714;P<0?05)?Conclusion 6 months GnRH?α treatment after laparoscopic surgery help to prevent disease relapse,and regulate hormone levels,inhibit inflammatory reaction,then improve the effect of treatment.

The leucoanthocyantin reducase (LAR) gene, an important functional gene of catechins biosynthesis pathway, was cloned from Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara by degenerate PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of FdLAR is 1 581 bp (GenBank accession: JN793953), containing a 1 176 bp ORF encoding a 391 amino acids protein, and its 3'-untranslated region has an obvious polyadenylation signal. The recombinant plasmid containing FdLAR completed ORF was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The target fusion peptide with molecular weight of 66 kD was expressed under the condition of 16 degrees C and induced by IPTG at final concentration of 1.0 mmol x L(-1). Bioinformation analysis indicated that the amino acid sequence of FdLAR showed great homology to other LAR with the NADB-Rossmann conversed domain in the N-terminus. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of FdLAR gene during different development periods. The determination of flavonoids contents in appropriate rhizomes showed that the relationship between FdLAR gene expression and the accumulation of flavonoids displayed different trends during vegetative growth and reproductive growth stages, suggesting that the FdLAR gene may be involved in the pathway of flavonoid metabolisms in Fagopyrum dibotrys.