Paternity testing has to be cautiously practiced,since it involves issues coming from all aspects including ethics,legislation,family and society.If the educational backgrounds of the litigants prevent them from fully understanding the ethical and legal issues involved in paternal testing,it would thus be impossible to achieve a real "informed consent" for the litigants.It is our point of view that in these cases,and when no alternative solutions are available,it is the responsibility of those who perform paternity testing to advise the litigants give up the application for paternity test.Besides,it is time for judicial departments to place on the agenda the establishing of a technique standard for paternity testing and relevant judicial procedures,in order to protect the basic rights of informal consent and autonomy of litigants in paternity testing practices.It is in this article that some ethical and legal issues commonly involved in paternity testing are discussed.

Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; complications ; therapy ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; chemically induced ; complications ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans

Objective To investigate the sensitivity of the real-time fluorescence PCR technique and the bacterial culture for detecting the colonization of group B Streptococcus(GBS)in late pregnant women.Methods 2 specimens were collected from preg-nant women genital tract-rectal secretions swabs,one specimen for conducting the bacterial culture and another for conducting the real-time PCR technique to detect genital GBS.The accuracy and rapidness were compared between the two methods.308 cases of pregnant women were divided into the GBS positive group and the GBS negative group according to the detection results of the real time real-time fluorescence PCR technique.The relation between the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes with GBS was investigated by the comparative analysis.Results Among 308 pregnant women with GBS detection,18 cases were positive by the ordinary bacterial culture with the positive rate of 5.8%(18/308),while 28 cases were positive by the real-time fluorescent PCR with the positive rate of 9.4%(29/308).In the GBS positive group detected by PCR,the premature rupture of membranes occurred in 9 cases with the positive rate of 31%,while in the GBS negative group detected by PCR,which occurred in 33 cases with the pos-itive rate of 11.83%.Conclusion This survey shows that the positive detection rate of the real-time fluorescent PCR technique is significantly higher than that of the bacterial culture method,the application of this detection technique for detecting GBS provides the basis for rapidly diagnosing GBS and conducting the prophylactic use of antibacterial drugs more accurately and more effectively.

Objective To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on the proliferation,connective tissue growth factor and Smad expression in cultured cardiac fibroblasts induced by advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs).Methods After being treated with various amounts of rosiglitazone,the cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were incubated with AGEs.The status of cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and cell cycle were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyhhiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTI) assay and flow cytometry.Furthermore,ELISA technique was applied to identify the level of TGF-β1.The protein expressions of CTGF and Smad in cardiac fibroblasts of neonatal SD rats were detected with Western blotting.Results The exposure of cardiac fibroblasts to AGEs at doses of 0-200 mg/L induced a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation.At the concentration of rosiglitazooe (0.1,1,and 10 μmol/L),the cell proliferation was reduced compared with 200 mg/L AGEs group by O.823±0.072,0.785±0.060,0.601±0.081 vs 0.981±0.049,respectively (P < 0.05).The increased levels of TGF-β1 in supematants of cultured cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by AGEs were inhibited by rosiglitazone at the concentrations of 0.1,1,10μmol/L by 257.77±9.09,230.29±6.56,200.84±10.26 vs 300.68±8.56,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P<0.01).Western blot indicated that pretreatment with rosiglitazone (0.1,1,and 10 μmol/L) inhibited CTGF protein production in a dose-dependent by 0.769±0.108,0.590±0.095,0.534±0.115 vs 1.021±0.113,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P<0.01).It was also demonstrated that pretreatment with rosiglitazone (1 and 10 μmol/L) inhibited Smad2 protein production by 0.424±0.059,0.396±O.080 vs 0.572±0.073,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Meanwhile pretreatment with rosiglitazone (1 and 10 μmol/L) inhibited Smad4 protein production by 0.580±0.063,0.556±0.051 vs 0.672±0.059,respectively (vs 200 mg/L AGEs,P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Conclusions The findings suggest that AGEs promote the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and stimulate the protein production of Smad and CTGF of cardiac fibroblasts.Rosiglitazone inhibits the above reaction.These results indicate that CTGF/Smad pathway may play an important role in the protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial fibrosis.

Objective To assess volume state precisely and rapidly by ultrasonography of internal jugular vein (IJV) in healthy blood donor.Methods The values of the sonographic IJV collapse index and corrected IJV longitudinal length (cIJVLL) of 46 healthy blood donors were compared before and after blood donation.The correlations between IJV collapse index and cIJV LL were analyzed.Results The value of cIJV LLs before and after blood donation were significantly difference (6.56 ± 0.32 vs.6.11 ± 0.41,P ＜ 0.01).IJV collapse index before blood donation was not differently significant after blood donation (33.12 ± 2.21 vs.39.01 ± 3.83,P＞ 0.05).There was correlation between the value of cIJV LLs before and after blood donation (r =0.81).The value of IJV collapse index before and after blood donation,as well as cIJVLL was not well correlated (r =0.24,r =0.13,respectively).Conclusion The IJV collapse index is not a useful parameter for evaluation of hypovolemia,cIJV LL is more valuable marker for the detection of blood loss in emergency.

Objective: To study the antitussive, expectorant and antiasthetic effects of Fortunella hindsii leaves. Methods: The antitussive effects were observed by the method of ammonia-induced cough in mice, the expectorant effects were observed by the method of phenolsulfonphthalein excretion in mice, and the antiasthmatic effects were observed by the method of histamine phosphate spray in guinea pigs. Results:The leaves of Fortunella hindsii at low, medium and high doses could decrease the cough times and prolong the cough latent period (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), high dose could promote the phenol red excretion (P<0. 05), and high and medium do-ses could prolong the incubation period of guinea pigs for asthma caused by histamine phosphate (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclu-sion:The leaves of Fortunella hindsii have promising antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects.

Objective　To study the molecular mechanism about injurious effect of morphine dependence on the construction and function of hippocampal neurons. Method　 Mice were given (sc) increasing doses of morphine to form morphine-dependence model ,and the DNA and RNA changes stained with acridine orange (AO) fluorescence probe technique were investigated in hippocampal neurons of morphine-dependence group,naloxone-precipitated withdrawal group in morphine-dependence mice and control group. Results　 Compared with control group , the staining changes of DNA,RNA decreased obviously in hippocampal neurons of both morphine-dependence group and naloxone- precipitated withdrawal group in morphine-dependence mice,especially the later. Conclusion　Both morphine-dependence and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine-dependence mice injured nucleic acid metabolism in hippocampal neurons ,especially the later.Those changes may be some reasons of decreased brain function ,especially in learning and memory deficits.

Objective To study the effect of injectable osteoinductive materials with fibrin sealant as the vehicle on the reconstruction of segmental radius defect in dog, and to provide an experimental foundation for its clinical application in the future. Methods 20mm bone defects were created in the radius 18 dogs, and in the experiment group b [FS+bFGF+bBMP (bovine BMP)] composite, and in experiment group r (FS+bFGF+rhBMP-2) were injected percutaneously into the defects. A control group (FS) with bone defect only was also included. The reconstruction effect on the segmental dog radius defects was evaluated by radiography, histology, bone mineral density (BMD) at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after operation. Results In the experimental groups with bovine BMP as osteoinductive agent, higher repairing capability and osteogenesis rate were observed in experiment group b (FS+bFGF+bBMP) compared with that of control group (P

Objective To investigate the effect of the injectable osteoinductive material with fibrin glue(FG)as carrier compounded with rhBMP-2 and bFGF on the proliferation and differentiation of marrow matrix cells(MMCs)of rabbit,in order to lay an experimental foundation for clinical application in the future.Method MMCs were isolated and cultured from bone marrow of a 3-day-old rabbit.The effects of the material were investigated in experiment group(group A:FG+bFGF+rhBMP-2),with control groups consisting of control group 1(group B:FG),control group 2(group C:FG+bFGF),control group 3(group D:FG+rhBMP-2)and single control group(group E:free of material).The observation objects included proliferation rate,adhesive rates,expression of type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase,cell growth condition in the material and the ultrastructure of rabbit MMCs with the aid of electron microscopy,histochemistry and cell culturing.The concentration of rhBMP-2 and bFGF in all groups was uniform(1?g/ml).Results The proliferation rates and the adhesive rates of rabbit MMCs in group A was significantly higher than that in group B,group D and group E,but was lower than in group C(P

Objective To investigate the effect of impression of the inherent deformation after adding the circular marker on oral impression. Methods Two metal molds were made by American Dental Association standards. Six metal circular needles were inserted on one of molds. Two groups of impression sample which named A and B were made by two metal molds. Marker line on the impressions were measured and observed by measuring microscope to compare the impressions (group A and B) with the deformation extent and the deformation law. Croup t test method of SAS6.12 software was adopted to analyze the dimensional changes of the samples. Results The deformation range of two. groups( A and B) of alginate impressions was 0.38% ～ 0.58% and 0.43% ～ 0. 66%. Two groups of silicone impressions' deformation range was 0.38% ～ 0.42% and 0.33% ～ 0.49%. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05 ). Conclusion The method with adding markers points on the oral impression would the impression of the inherent deformation. This marking method wag feasible.