Recent studies show that autophagy ont only plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in cells,but also palys a double role in the tumorigenesis and development of cancer.Studying the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and the relationship between autophagy and cancer have great significance for cancer treatment and prevention.

Objective To study the color of Ruyi Jinhuang Powder (RJP) placebo by using computer color matching technology and achieve fast preparation of RJP placebo. This work provided a new method to simulate the color of Chinese medicine compound placebo. Methods Using the RJP placebo as an example, computer color matching technology was used to establish a mathematical model to correlate the placebo color parameter L, a*, b* value and the colorant concentration. For a measured medicine compound color, the placebo colorant concentration can then be calculated from the model through data fitting and Newton iterative method. The model accuracy was validated using the color comprehensive evaluation index (ΔE). Results The color parameter L, a*, b* of RJP placebo was 68.302 5, 4.079 5, and 34.484 0. The mass fraction of lemon yellow, amaranth, and blue was 0.837 3%, 0.045 8%, and 0.008 5%. The ΔE value between RJP and its placebo was 2.750 0 ± 0.353 6, and there was no obvious visual difference between the medicine compound and its placebo. Conclusion Computer color matching technology can be used to simulate the color of RJP placebo, and can be widely used in the preparation of Chinese medicine placebo.

AIM: To explore the long-term efficacy of Q-factor guided laser epithelial keratomleusis ( LASEK ) for myopia and astigmatism with positive Q-factor.
METHODS: There were 158 eyes which were myopia and astigmatism with positive Q- factor taken in two groups randomly: 86 eyes accepted Q - factor guided LASEK as observation group and 72 eyes accepted routine LASEK as control group. The difference between the two groups about all data was similar. The uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) and the best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) as well as diopter, ocular tension, corneal topography, Keratometry value K, aspherical factor Q, Higher-order aberrations ( HOA ) , corneal thickness by ultrasound and, contrast sensitivity ( CS ) , Haze were examined and compared before and after surgery. All the cased were followed up for 14d, 1, 3, 6, 12mo. And there were no statistical difference among the data before surgery.
RESULTS: After 12mo there were no statistical difference between the two groups about UCVA and BCVA. But the safety index of observation group was 1.10, that of control group was 1. 07. The validity index of observation group was 1. 06, that of control group was 0.99. The HOA of observation group was 0. 45±0. 17μm, and that of control group was 0. 72±0.25μm, there was statistically significant difference (t=-8. 193,P=0. 000). Q factor of observation group was 0. 41±0. 17, that of control group was 0. 77±0. 22, there was significant difference (t=11. 377,P = 0. 028). The contrast sensitivity of 3mo post surgery of patients in the observation group returned to the level of before surgery. But in the control group the contrast sensitivity of the patients did not returned until 6mo.
CONCLUSION:Q-factor guided LASEK for myopia and astigmatism with positive Q-factor is stable, safe and effective. The operation allow for reducing the high order aberrations, maintaining the most asphericity of cornea, saving more in corneal tissue, which cause faster recovery of contrast sensitivity, less haze and better visual quality.

Objective To evaluate the effect of gastric compound on patients with middle-late gastric cancer of spleen deficiency and stasis toxin. Methods Ninety patients with middle-late gastric cancer of spleen deficiency and stasis toxin were randomly divided into combined group, chemotherapy group, and gastric compound group, 30 cases in each group. Patients in the combined group were treated with gastric compound and chemotherapy;patients in the chemotherapy group were treated with placebo;patients in the gastric compound group were treated with gastric compound. The changes of QLQ-C30 scale integral, fatigue scale intergral, TCM symptom intergral, Karnofsky integral, and toxic and side effects of digestive tract and myelosuppression were observed to evaluate the effect of gastric compound on quality of life in patients. Results The changes of QLQ-C30 scale integral, fatigue scale intergral, TCM symptom intergral, Karnofsky intergal in combined group were better than those in chemotherapy group and gastric compound group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The changes of fatigue scale intergral and TCM symptom intergral in gastric compound group were better than those in chemotherapy group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The myelosuppression and toxic and side effects of digestive tract of combined group was lighter than those of chemotherapy group, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion Gastric compound combined with chemotherapy can improve quality of life in patients with middle-late gastric cancer of spleen deficiency and stasis toxin, and reduce myelosuppression and toxic and side effects of digestive tract.

High-performance liquid chromatographic coupled with variable wavelength detection (HPLC-VWD) has been developed for simultaneous determination of 5 analytes including ellagic acid, quercetin, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-rutinoside, tiliroside and kaempferol, and high-performance liquid chromatographic with an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) has been established to determine goshonoside-F5 in extract of Rubi Fructus. Chromatographic separations were carried out on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5.0 microm). All calibration curves of reference standards revealed good linearity (R2 > 0.999 5) within the concentration ranges tested. The method limits of detection ranged 0.297-90.144 ng and the method limits ofquantitation ranged 0.990-300.480 ng, respectively. Recoveries of 6 analytes were from 97.11% to 101.7%, with RSD less than 2.1%. The result shows that amounts of the 6 analytes in the samples from 16 localities were found to be different. The higher latitude of growing environment, the more ellagic acid in herb. The content of total flavonoids in sample from east localities were higher than that in middle and west localities, and the content of goshonoside-F5 in Bozhou, Anhui province was higher than others. This method was found to be simple, accurate, sensitive with good repeatability. Those results might serve as a sound foundation for further study, quality control and application of Rubi Fructus.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Ellagic Acid ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Geography ; Rosaceae ; chemistry

Objective To observe the changes of A20 in mesangial cells of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat model in?duced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-rat, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods (1)Thirty health male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two group. Model rats were given streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60 mg/kg by intraperitoneal in?jection. Rats in the control group received the same volume of citrate buffer in the same way. Levels of blood glucose and uri?nary microalbumin were detected in two groups at the 6th and the 8th week. Changes of renal pathology were observed by HE staining. Changes of protein A20 were observed by immunohistochemistry. (2) Expression changes of gene and proteins A20, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, IκB, IKKγand MCP-1 in renal cells treated with LPS were determined after treatment with different time points (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h) and different concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10μg/L). Results (1) Levels of blood glucose and urinary microalbumin were significantly increased in model group compared with those of control group ( P <0.01). HE stainig showed that hyaline degeneration in tubular epithelial cells was found in model group, especially at the 8th week. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that expression of protein A20 significantly decreased in kidney tubules and nearly disappeared in glomerulus in model group compared with that of control group, which expressed less at the 8th week. (2) There was no significant difference in the expression of IKKγbetween different concentrations and different times. Com?pared with 0 h, the expression of A20 protein was increased at 2 h and 4 h, except that the expression of A20 protein in?creased after 6 h (P<0.05). Meanwhile NF-κB expression increased and IκB expression decreased in different time points (P<0.05). In addition, the expressions of A20 and IκB were decreased concentration-dependently (P<0.05). The expres?sion levels of NF-κB and MCP-1 were increased concentration-dependently (P<0.05). Conclusion A20 may involve in the development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating the NF-κB pathway.

Background and purpose:It was reported that zinc ifnger protein 139 (ZNF139) was expressed aberrantly in gastric cancer. But the relationship between ZNF139 and multidrug resistance (MDR) of gastric cancer is still not clear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the expressions and signiifcance of ZNF139, MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp, GST-π in human gastric carcinoma cell lines SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR. Methods: The expressions of ZNF139, MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp, GST-πwere determined with RT-PCR and Western blot in SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR cell lines. Then siRNA recombinant plasmid of targeting ZNF139 gene was constructed and imported into gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/ADR, and the expressions of MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp, GST-πwere tested simultaneously. Results:The expressions of ZNF139, MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp, GST-πwere higher in SGC7901/ADR than in SGC7901(P<0.05). ZNF139 was inhibited obviously after siRNA-ZNF139 was transfected into SGC7901/ADR, and expression of MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp, GST-πdecreased(P<0.05). Conclusion:ZNF139 may be invovled in multidrug resistance (MDR) of gastric cancer by up-regulating MRP-1, MDR1/P-gp and GST-π.

To observe the expression of N - cadherin and fibronectin in retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE) cells in vitro under high glucose conditions, furthermore, to explore the effects of high glucose on epithelial -mesenchymal transition (EMT) in RPE cells.
●METHODS: Human RPE (hRPE) cells were cultured in vitro. Containing a final concentration of 60mmol/ L glucose was used for high glucose treatment. The cells were divided into normal glucose group (5. 5mmol/ L, NG) and high glucose group (24, 48 and 72h) respectively. The expression of N - cadherin and fibronectin in hRPE cells were evaluated by immunofluorescence and real -time PCR.
●RESULTS:RPE cells became disorganized and swollen over time under high glucose conditions, especially in 72h subgroup. lmmunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of N - cadherin in RPE cells under high glucose conditions was decreased compared with that in the control group, while the expression of fibronectin was increased. Real - time PCR results showed that the expression of N - cadherin mRNA in high glucose group was decreased at 24h compared with that in the control group, and declined markedly at 72h ( F = 12. 252, P =0. 000). There were no significant differences between the control group and the high glucose group at 24h, while the differences between the control group and the high glucose group (48 and 72h) were significant respectively (P < 0. 05 ). Meanwhile, the expression of fibronectin mRNA in RPE cells was increased in high glucose group at 24h, and reached the peak at 72h (F = 50. 543, P = 0. 000). There were no significant differences between the control group and the high glucose group at 24h. Compared with the control group, the expression of fibronectin mRNA in hRPE cells was increased significantly in high glucose group (48 and 72h) respectively (P= 0. 000, P= 0. 000).
●CONCLUSlON: The expression of epithelium marker N-cadherin is down - regulated under high glucose conditions in hRPE cells in vitro. Meanwhile, the expression of mesenchymal maker fibronectin is induced and appeared to EMT changes. Results of this study will enrich our growing understanding in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and hopefully lead to novel insights for the pathogenesis and therapeutic treatments.

Two simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) methods were developed and validated for the determination of fenticonazole in human plasma after percutaneous and intravaginal administration. Mifepristone was used as an internal standard (IS), and simple protein precipitation by acetonitrile containing 2%acetic acid was utilized for extracting the analytes from the plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex XB-C18 column. The quantitation was performed by a mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) positive ion mode using precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 455.2–199.1 for fenticonazole and m/z 430.2–372.3 for mifepristone. The validated linear ranges of fenticonazole were 5–1000 pg/mL and 0.1–20 ng/mL in plasma for the methods A and B, respectively. For the two methods, the accuracy data ranged from 85% to 115%, the intra- and inter-batch precision data were less than 15%, the recovery data were more than 90%, and no matrix interference was observed. The methods A and B were successfully validated and applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of fenticonazole gel in Chinese healthy volunteers after percutaneous and intravaginal administration, respectively.

The high-copy-number plasmid pcDNA3.1+ is unstable within S almonella typhimurium. A novel plasmid pmcDNA3.1+ was constructed by removin g the promoter sequence of ampicillin resistance gene (bla gene) in plasmid pcDNA3.1+. In contrast to pcDNA3.1+, pmcDNA3.1+ was stable within Salmonel la typhimurium SL7207 in LB medium with or without ampicillin. Further experi ments showed the ?-lactamase activity of Salmonella typhimurium SL7207(pmc DNA3.1+) was apparently lowered than that of Salmonella typhimurium SL7207( pcDNA3.1+) and the high ampicillin concentration was maintained longer in LB me dium culturing Salmonella typhimurium SL7207(pmcDNA3.1+). When mice were a dministered with Salmonella typhimurium SL7207(pmcDNA3.1+) intraperitoneall y, more than 95% of Salmonella cells separated from the spleen still harbore d the plasmid pmcDNA3.1+ 7 days later; but 99% of Salmonella cells lost the plasmid pcDNA3.1+ at day 3 in mice innoculated with Salmonella typhimurium SL7207(pcDNA3.1+). By lowering the expression of bla gene, the rapid deco mposition of ampicillin in LB medium was avoided and the metabolic pressure was relieved for the host cells. This method offers a solution for the problem of t he instability of high-copy-number plasmid within Salmonella typhimurium.