Objectives: To analyze the hemodynamic characteristics of dysplastic posterior cerebral artery with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and to investigate the diagnostic value of TCD. Methods: Fifty-two patients with posterior cerebral artery P1 segment (PCA-P1) dysplasia screened by MRA and TCD were selected. The hemodynamic changes before and after the carotid compression test were observed, and compared with 52 healthy subjects without abnormal blood vessels (control group). Results: Circled digit oneThe blood flow velocity of 52 patients with PCA-P1 dysplasia on the dysplasia was 55 ± 8 cm/s on the dysplastic side, which was significantly lower than that of 60 ± 6 cm/s in the control group (P < 0.01). After compressing the ipsilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs) respectively, the velocity of PCA-P1 on the dysplastic sides was 192 ± 25 cm/s, and it was significantly higher than 96 ± 14 cm/s in the control group (P < 0.01). The ratio of velocity in patients with dysplasia before and after the compression test (after Vp/before Vp) was 3.52 ± 0.53, and it was significantly higher than 1.60 ± 0.17 in the control group (P < 0.01). Circled digit twoAfter compressing the ipsilateral CCAs respectively, the end-diastolic flow velocity and the ratio before compression (after Vp/before Vp) was 4.48 ± 1.28, and it was significantly higher than 1.61 ± 0.25 in the control group (P < 0.01). Circled digit threePCA-P1 pulsatility index (PI) on the dysplastic sides was 1.00 ± 0.22, and it was significantly higher than 0.78 ± 0.09 in the control group (P < 0.01). There was significant difference (P < 0.01). Circled digit fourOf the 52 patients, the flow spectrum of 28 patients showed high-resistance changes and the flow spectrum of 24 patients was normal. Before and after compressing the ipsilateral CCAs, the ratio of high-resistance spectrum group compared to that before compressing (after Vd/before Vd) was 5.3 ± 1.1, and it was significantly higher than 3.5 ± 0.6 in normal blood flow spectrum group. There was significant difference (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between after VP/before VP and the normal blood flow spectrum group. ©Dysplasia in PCA-P1 was suspected in 39 cases by TCD, and 32 of them were confirmed with MRA. The positive coincidence rate was 82.1%, 17 of them showed high-resistance flow spectrum, and 16 had dysplasia in PCA-P1 confirmed by MRA. The positive coincidence rate was 94.1%. Conclusion: TCD in combination with blood flow spectrum shape may initially diagnose the dysplasia in PCA-P1 according to the changes of hemodynamic parameters of PCA-P1 before and after the CCA compression test.

Objective: To analyze the hemodynamic characteristics in detecting of anatomic variations of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and anterior communicating artery (ACoA) with transcranial Doppler (TCD). Methods: Sixty-two patients with anatomic variations of ACA or ACoA (patient group) and 48 healthy subjects without variation (control group) diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRA) and TCD were selected. The hemodynamic changes in extracranial and intracranial vessels in both groups were detected by TCD. Results: Circled digit oneForty-eight patients with unilateral hypogenesis of ACA-A1 in the patient group. The blood flow velocity of ACA-A1 on the hypogenetic sides was 61±16 cm/s, it was significantly lower than 86±15 cm/s in the control group; the blood flow velocity of ACA-A1 on the thick sides was 125±12 cm/s, and it was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P <0.01). The blood flow velocity on the thin sides was about 1/2 of that on the thick sides. Circled digit twoAfter pressing the contralateral CCA, the blood flow velocity of bilateral ACA-A1 increased to various degrees. The ratio of peak systolic blood flow velocity on the thin sides was 3.10±0.50, and it was significantly higher than 1.93± 0.24 in the control group. The ratio on the thick sides was 1.33 + 0.11. It was significantly lower than that in the control group. There was significant difference (P < 0.01). The ratio on the thin sides was more than two times of that on the thick sides. Circled digit threeNine patients with unilateral absence of ACA-A1, the blood flow velocity of contralateral ACA-A1 was 131±17 cm/s, and it was significantly higher than that of the control group and the ipsilateral MCA blood flow velocity. The blood flow velocity of the extracranial internal carotid artery in 57 patients on the thin or absence sides of ACA-A1 was 47±11 cm/s, and it was significantly lower than 60±13 cm/s on the contralateral sides (P < 0.01). Circled digit fourThe blood flow signals in 5 patients with the absence of ACoA were disappeared after compressing the ipsilateral CCA and ACA respectively. Conclusion: According to the hemodynamic changes before and after the bilateral ACA Queckenstedts test, and in combination with the assistant indices such as blood flow velocity of extracranial internal carotid artery, blood flow signal intensity, and blood flow distribution, TCD may primarily detect the significant variation of ACA or ACoA.

Objectives: To analyze the hemodynamic characteristics in patients with unilateral hypogenesis of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and to discuss the diagnostic value of it. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with unilateral hypogenesis of ACA were confirmed by TCD and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The characteristics of hemodynamic changes were observed in hypogenetic side and contralateral anterior cerebral artery A1 segment (ACA-A1) before and after compression of the common carotid artery. They were also compared with 28 normal controls. Results: The blood flow velocity of the hypogenetic side ACA-A1 (62 ± 17) cm/s of the 28 patients was significantly lower than that of the control group [(87 ± 15) cm/s; P < 0. 01]; the blood flow velocity of the contralateral ACA-A1 (123 ± 13) cm/s was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). The average blood flow velocity of the hypogenetic side ACA-A1 was almost half of the contralateral ACA-A1. After compressing the common carotid arteries respectively, the blood flow velocity of the hypogenetic side ACA-A1 increased for several times (3.0.8 ± 0.51), and it was significantly higher than that of the control group (1.97 ± 0.25; P < 0.01); the blood flow velocity of the contralateral side ACA-A1 increased for several times (1.35 ± 0.11), and it was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01); the average blood flow velocity of the hypogenetic side ACA-A1 was more than 2 times of the contralateral ACA-A1. Conclusion: Accordin g to hemodynamic changes before and after compression of the common carotid artery, together with the signal strength of blood flow, and the distribution of blood flow, TCD may defect unilateral hypogenesis of ACA.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency of intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) with pattern and red color plastic plates in video-electroencephalography(EEG).Methods Three hundred and fifty-eight patients hospitalized in Wuhan Children's Hospital from March 2013 to March 2014 were selected,and they were examined by using stroboscope with a red plastic plate,a dots printed plastic plate,and ordinary white flicker for photic driving response (PDR),photoparoxysmal responses (PPR),photoconvulsive response (PCR).The results of patients with PDR,PPR,PCR were analyzed.Results The PDR synchronously evoked by the three flickering patterns were in 29 cases,and the amplitude of photic drivings evoked by ordinary white flicker and red flicker were higher than that of flickering dot pattern [(30.294 ± 7.767) μV,(31.103 ± 8.920) μV vs (24.436 ± 8.075) μV],and there were significant differences(t =2.983,2.815,P =0.003,0.008).However,there was no significant difference between ordinary white flicker and red flicker (t =0.368,P =0.710).The PPR evoked were in 17 cases,and 16 cases (94.12％) of them were evoked by red color,while 10 cases (58.82％) wcre evoked by white light,and 1 case only evoked by flickering dot pattern.However,stronger intensity and longer duration time of PPR were evoked by red color than by white light.In 3 patients with positive PCR,the epileptic seizure was more likely to be evoked by red color or pattern plastic plate.Conclusions IPS with red and pattem plastic plate is more potent in eliciting photosensitive epilepsy in video-EEG than the ordinary white light.Moreover,it could reduce the discomfort of eyes without influencing PDR in comparison to the ordinary white light.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of upper gastrointestinal injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Methods A total of 1032 patients which used NSAIDs was selected.Patients were divided into two groups based on the condition of dyspepsia,peptic ulcer or upper gastrointestinal bleeding:the adverse drug reaction group (331 cases) and the control group (701 cases).Data of two groups on clinical presentation,laboratory test,medication and treatment were analyzed.Risk factors for the adverse drug reaction were identified by multivariable Logistic regression.Results The two groups had significant difference in age ＞ 65 years old,Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection,ulcer history,drug overdose,combination with glucocorticoid,addicted to tobacco and alcohol history,non-specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase(COX)-2,combination with anticoagulant,concomitant chronic cardiopulmonary disease (P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis by backward elimination method revealed that following variables retained,such as combination with glucocorticoid (OR =3.104,95％ CI 1.936-4.695),Hp infection (OR =2.768,95％ CI 2.047-3.742),drug overdose (OR =2.411,95％ CI 1.683-3.453),ulcer history (OR =1.781,95％ CI 1.278-2.480),age ＞ 65 years old (OR =1.659,95％ CI 1.237-2.225),non-specific inhibitor of COX-2 (OR =1.470,95％ CI 1.103-2.133),addicted to tobacco and alcohol history (OR =1.459,95％ CI 1.032-2.064),concomitant chronic cardiopulmonary disease (OR =1.357,95％ CI 1.008-2.143),P＜0.05.Conclusion Combination with glucocorticoid,Hp infection,drug overdose,ulcer history,age ＞ 65 years old,non-specific inhibitor of COX-2,addicted to tobacco and alcohol history,concomitant chronic cardiopulmonary disease are risk factors of upper gastrointestinal injury induced bv NSAIDs.

Objective: To analyze the semen quality parameters of sperm donor volunteers, so as to provide insights into male infertility control and related research. Methods: A total of 155 sperm donors were recruited from the Human Sperm Bank of Zhejiang Province using the convenience sampling method from January to March 2021. Demographic information were collected through questionnaire surveys. Semen were collected, and parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration, total number of sperm, forward motility rate and total sperm viability were measured. Semen quality was evaluated according to the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. : Results Conclusion There were 20.65% of the 155 sperm donors with unqualified semen, and the unqualified rates of forward motility rate and total sperm viability were relatively high.

Objective To investigate the undergraduates′cognition ,attitude and behavior about low‐carbon life and then to provide a relatively scientifically strategy .and provide scientific basis to formulate countermeasures about undergraduates′low‐car‐bon lifestyle .Methods By multistage sampling ,382 students′knowledge ,attitude and practice about low‐carbon life in Wuhan Uni‐versity of science and technology were analyzed .Results The students′cognition about low‐carbon life was good ,the awareness rate of girl was higher than that of boy ;Their attitude was positive ,grade and knowledge awareness were the two influence factors ;the behavior situation was unsatisfactory ,the origin of students and attitude enthusiasm were the elements affect rationality of be‐havior .Conclusion Undergraduates should strengthen the cognition of low‐carbon life ,improve attitude enthusiasm ,and form a good behavioral habit of low‐carbon life .

Objective To investigate the significance of B7-CD28/CTLA-4 (CD152),co-stimulatory molecules of T lymphocytes,in the onset,development and prognosis of genital congdyloma acuminatum (CA) in females.Methods Flow cytometry was utilized to detect the expression levels of CD80/CD86 in peripheral blood lymphocytes and of CD28/CD152 (CTLA-4) in CD4~+/CD8~+ T lymphocytes from 30 CA patients (17 primary CA,13 recurrent CA,15 at recovery stage of CA) and 15 healthy volunteers as con- trols.Results No significant difference was found for the frequencies of CD80~+,CD86~+,CD4~+/CD28~+ and CD8~+/CD28~+ lymphocytes between the primary or recurrent group and the control group.The frequencies of CD8~+/CD28~+,CD4~+/CD28~+ and CD80~+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in the recovery group than those in the recurrent group (P0.05).Conclusions There is an abnormal expression of co-stimulatory molecules B7-CD28/CTLA-4 (CD152) in periphoral blood lym- phocytes,CD4~+ and CD8~+ T lymphocytes in female patients with genital CA,and the expression abnormaility is closely linked with different disease stages of CA.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum cytokines concentrations and A- PACHE scores in evaluating the illness state for critical trauma patients.Methods A clinical prospective self-control trial was performed,in which 36 patients admitted to ICU by SIRS were enrolled.Objects were divided into mild and severe trauma group according to APACHE score.The TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations were determined on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day of admission,the APACHE score were assessed at the same time.Statistic analysis was performed according to this group.Results The TNF-?concentrations decreased continuously in the following days while IL-6 decreased from the 7th day in the mild trauma group.In the severe trauma group the TNF-?and IL-6,APACHE score concentrations kept increasing.There was a significant difference of TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations between severe trauma and mild trauma group.Conclusion Dynamic measurement of TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations with APACHE score provide great help to evaluate the illness state and predict the prognosis.

Fifty residual Oncomelania snail points were found in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1998 to 2009,and the snail area was 14.9 hm2.The residual snail area increased year by year with complex environment.