OBJECTIVETo determine the recognition of healthy medical students on deqi after acupuncture, reveal the qualitative and quantitative rules of deqi and understand whether these rules are the factors of the clinical application of acupuncture therapy.

METHODSThe class questionnaires were used for the investigation study on the understanding of deqi after acupuncture at Hegu (LI 4) or Zusanli (ST 36) in 86 healthy students in the clinical medicine class.

RESULTS(1) Deqi was a kind of complicated compound feelings, with many sensation qualities such as distending pain, distension and pain. (2) Deqi was a kind of mild and moderate sensations. In 10-score credit sys tem of Massachusetts General Hospital acupuncture sensation scale (MASS), the scores of distending pain (4.69 +/- 2.83), distension (4.39 +/- 2.91) and soreness and distension (3.93 +/- 2.93) were around 5 (moderate degree), the scores of stabbing pain (1.89 +/- 2.02) were around 2 (mild degree). (3) The differences in the quantitative scores were significant for stabbing pain, distending pain, distention, soreness and distention and the others before and after treatment (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDeqi of acupuncture is the mild and moderate complicated sensations manifested as distension, soreness, pain and numbness. As the invasive therapy, the filiform needle puncture will bring a certain psychological impacts on the receptors. The subjective sensation is possibly the factor for the patients' selection of acupuncture treatment.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Adult ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Needles ; Qi ; Schools, Medical ; Sensation ; Young Adult

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) is the source of the raw data of evidence-based medicine. Blind method is adopted in most of the high-quality RCT. Sham acupuncture is the main form of blinded in acupuncture clinical trial. In order to improve the quality of acupuncture clinical trail, based on the necessity of sham acupuncture in clinical research, the current situation as well as the existing problems of sham acupuncture, suggestions were put forward from the aspects of new way and new designation method which can be adopted as reference, and factors which have to be considered during the process of implementing. Various subjective and objective factors involving in the process of trial should be considered, and used of the current international standards, try to be quantification, and carry out strict quality monitoring.
Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Biomedical Research ; standards ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; standards

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis ; Skin Neoplasms

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the recombinant protein Sj_Ts4 in immunodiagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica.Methods Seventy-four blood samples of schistosomiasis japonica patients(acute, chronic and advanced)were used for evaluating the sensitivity.Blood samples from 24 Clonorchiasis patients,8 patients with hookworm infections and 30 normal persons from the areas without Schistosomiasis were used ror patients.Results The positivity rates were 97.1%(33/34),100.0%(16/16),87.5%(21/24)in rSj-Ts4-ELISA and 100%(34/34),100.0%(16/16),75.0%(18/24)in SjAWA-ELISA in acute,chmnic and advanced Schistosomiasis. respectively.Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in sensitivity(X2=1.23,P＞0.05)between both recombinant and crude antigens.The false positive reaction was found to be 6.7%(2/30)in rSj-Ts4-ELISA and 3.3%(1/30)in SjAWA-ELISA when detected in 30 cases of normal control sera.but no statisticallv significant difference was noted(x2=0.35,P＞0.05).Twelve point five percent(3/24),20.8%(5/24)and 12.5%(1/8),37.5% (3/8),of cross-reactions were observed between rSj-Ts4-ELISA and SjAWA-ELISA for detecting the sera of patients with clonorehiasis and hookworms.There was no significant difference of cross-reaction in two parasitic infections (x2=0.60,1.33,P＞0.05)with the two tests.Conclusions The rSj-Ts4 antigen shows higher sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica,which is helpful in the serological diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica in endemic areas.

BACKGROUND:Cerebral ischemia often occurs in underlying pathological conditions, such as hypertension,
hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a cerebral ischemia rat model with hyperlipidemia and to study the effect of basic pathological changes on the cerebral ischemia.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the brain tissue pathological changes of rat models with coexistence of hyperlipidemia and cerebral ischemia, and the effect of hyperlipidmia on cerebral ischemia.
METHODS:The rats were fed with high-fat diet to establish the hyperlipidmia models, and then focal cerebral
ischemia models were prepared with suture method. At 3 and 7 days after modeling, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to observe the volume of brain tissue ischemia, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was
performed to observe pathological change of the margin of the brain tissue ischemia zone.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining staining results showed that the volume of cerebral ischemia was significantly reduced in the hyperlipidemia+cerebral ischemia 7 day group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed there was typical ischemic changes in al the cerebral ischemia models, and the number of microglial cel s after cerebral ischemia for 7 days was significantly smal er than that after cerebral ischemia for 3 days, and the changes were more obvious in the hyperlipidemia+7-day cerebral ischemia group when compared with the hyperlipidemia+3-day cerebral ischemia group. Ultrastructure showed there were neuronal and glial nuclear membrane shrinkage in al the cerebral ischemia models, mitochondria cristae was disappeared completely, endothelial cel mitochondria was decreased, most of the synaptic vesicles of nerve synapse were dissolved;the damages above were improved after ischemia for 7 days, especial y
hyperlipidemia+cerebral ischemia for 7 days, the neuronal degeneration and necrosis were reduced, the
mitochondrial damage was repaired, the number of mitochondrial cristae was increased significantly, and the synaptic vesicles of nerve synapse were recovered significantly. The results indicate that hyperlipidemia can promote the recovery of cerebral ischemic injury,
probably because the hyperlipidemia factors can activate the protection mechanism.

Objective To study the clinical course and clinicopathological features of para-aortic lymph node metastases in patients with gallbladder cancer.Methods Forty-two patients with gallbladder cancer who underwent radical resection combined with para-aortic lymphadenectomy at the Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2001 to December 2013 were retrospectively studied.The survival rates of the para-aortic lymph node metastasis group were compared with the negative para-aortic lymph node group of patients.Para-aortic lymph node metastasis as well as clinical features were correlated with survival.Results No one died within the perioperative period.The total complication rate was 24.0％,and there was no significant difference between the positive para-aortic lymph node group and the negative group (P ＞0.05).The rate of para-aortic lymph node metastasis on histopathology was 21.4％ (9/42),which was positively correlated with tumor depth of invasion and negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation (P ＜ 0.01).The 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rates of the positive para-aortic lymph node group were significantly inferior to the negative group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Dissection of para-aortic lymph nodes in patients with gallbladder cancer was safe and feasible.Lymphadenectomy did not improve the longterm survival rates of patients with para-aortic lymph node involvement metastases.The extent of lymph node dissection for gallbladder cancer should be decided by intraoperative biopsy.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Shuanghuang tongfeng capsule(SHTF) on the gouty arthritis.METH-ODS:The gouty arthritis model of rats and rabbits were induced using sodium urate(MSU). The swollen degree of the rat foot,and the amount of synovial fluid,the leucocyte count in synovial fluid and the degree of inflammation of the synovial tissue of joints in rabbits were measured.The effect of SHTF on gouty arthritis was observed. RESULTS:The swollen degree of the foot of rat was lessened obviously by SHTF capsule(5、10、20 g?kg-1,ig).The amount of synovial fluid and the leucocyte count in synovial fluid of the rabbit were decreased significantly by SHTF capsule (4、8、16 g?kg-1,po).The inflammation of the synovial tissue in rabbits was improved obviously by SHTF capsule (8 and 16 g?kg-1,po). CONCLUSION: SHTF capsule have remarkable protective effect on the gouty arthritis induced by sodium urate.

The electrical characteristics of meridians and acupoints have been being one of the hot topics discussed by scholars, because of many influencing factors and inconsistent research results. In the present article, we collected papers published in Chinese or English in recent 10 years from PubMed, CNKI, and VIP databases by using key words of"acupuncture""meridian""resistance""capacitance""electrodermal"and"impedance". Then, we make an analysis about its development from three aspects, 1) manifestations of electrical properties of acupoints (low dermal resistance under pathological state, imbalance between left and right sides of the synonym acupoints), 2) clinical application of acupoint electrical characteristics for diagnosis of clinical disorders and evaluation of therapeutic effect, and 3) current situations of development of meridian detection instruments based on electrical characteristics (improving stability of instruments，expansion of the detected regions and measuring time, realization of visualization, and operational automation). In the process of coming studies, we highly recommend that more attention should be paid to the acupoints' "dynamic changes"， and forming a standardized research plan, strengthening domestic and international academic exchanges and cooperation are definitely necessary in order to validate the objectivity and specificity of electrical characteristics of meridians and acupoints, further expanding its clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Shengjiang Xiexin Decoction (SXD) on the intestinal mucosal and functional cells of rats after irinotecan (CPT-11) chemotherapy.

METHODSTotally 24 healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into three groups, the normal control group, the CPT-11 group, the SXD combined CPT-11 group according to random digit table, 8 in each group. CPT-11 was injected at the daily dose of 150 mg/kg to rats in the CPT-11 group and the SXD combined CPT-11 group from the caudal vein on the 4th day, once daily for 2 successive days to duplicate delayed diarrhea model. Equal volume of normal saline was injected to rats in the normal control group from the caudal vein. SXD at 2 g/mL (10 g/kg body weight) was administered to rats in the SXD combined CPT-11 group by gastrogavage for 9 successive days. Deionized water was administered to rats in the CPT-11 group and the normal control group. Diarrhea was observed at 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, and 108 h to calculate the incidence rate of diarrhea. Meanwhile, scoring for diarrhea was performed by referring methods of Akinobu Kurita. Rats were killed on day 10, ileum, cecum, and colon tissues were collected and fixed in 10% formalin solution. HE staining was performed. Intestinal mucosa injuries were graded under light microscope according to the criterion of Chiu's score. The expressions of goblet cells and Paneth cells were observed by PAS stain. Enteroendocrine cells were observed by immunohistochemical CgA staining. Positive cells were counted and cumulative optical density (IOD) analyzed by Image-Pro-Plus 6.0.

RESULTSNo diarrhea occurred in rats of the normal control group at each time point. The incidence rate of diarrhea was 75.0% (6/8) at 48 h, 100.0% (8/8) at 60 h, 100.0% (8/8) at 72 h, 87.5% (7/8) at 84 h, 75.0% (6/8) at 96 h, and 75.0% (6/8) at 108 h in the CPT-11 group. The incidence rate of diarrhea was 25.0% (2/8) at 48 h, 50.0% (4/8) at 60 h, 12.5% (1/8) at 72 h, 0.0% (0/8) at 84 h in the SXD combined CPT-11 group. Compared with the same group at 60 h, scores for diarrhea at 48, 84, 96, and 108 h obviously decreased in the CPT-11 group, and scores for diarrhea at 48, 72, 84, 96, and 108 h obviously decreased in the SXD combined CPT-11 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the same group at 72 h, scores for diarrhea at 84, 96, and 108 h obviously decreased in the CPT-11 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the normal control group, scores for diarrhea increased in the CPT-11 group at each time point (P < 0.01); grading of ileum, cecum, and colon mucosal tissues increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); expressions of ileum and cecum mucosal epithelial goblet cells obviously decreased (P < 0.05); the number and expressions of ileum and cecum mucosal epithelial Paneth cells increased (P < 0.01). Expressions of ilium endocrine cells increased, while those of cecum and colon endocrine cells decreased in the CPT-11 group (P < 0.01). Compared with the CPT-11 group, scores for diarrhea were obviously lowered (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), grading of ileum, and cecum mucosal tissues decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); expressions of ileum, cecum, and colon mucosal epithelial goblet cells obviously increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the number and expressions of ileum cecum mucosal epithelial Paneth cells increased (P < 0.05); expressions of cecum and colon endocrine cells increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the SXD combined CPT-11 group.

CONCLUSIONSXD played roles in preventing and treating CPT-11 induced delayed diarrhea by improving CPT-11 chemotherapy induced apoptosis and necrosis of intestinal mucosal and functional cells.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Camptothecin ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Colon ; Diarrhea ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Ileum ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

Objective To investigate the effect of Pingfei Oral Liquid (POL) on the distribution of mast cells (MCs) and the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the lung tissue of radiation pneumonia rats. MethodsForty-five SD rats were randomized into 3 groups : normal control,model group and POL group. The rat model of radiation lung fibro-sis was set up by a single X-ray dose of 20Gy irradiation over the whole chest of the rats. POL (20 g·kg-1·d-1,once a day, five times a week) was given orally one week before irradiation and the treatment lasted 5 weeks. MCs in the lung tissue were stained with toluidine blue firstly and then were counted 2, 4 and 8 weeks after irradiation. IL-6 protein expression of lung tissue was measured by immunohistochemical assay 8 weeks after irradiation, and mRNA ex-pression was determined with RT-PCR 4 weeks after irradiation. ResultsIt's showed the aggregation of large amount of pulmonary mast cells and increase of IL-6 protein expression 8 weeks after irradiation (P < 0.01).IL-6 mRNA expression in the irradiated lung of rats increased 4 weeks after irradiation (P < 0. 01). POL could reduce the aggrega- tion of MCs (P < 0. 01) and the expression of IL-6 protein (P < 0. 01) and mRNA (P < 0. 05) in the lung tissue. ConclusionPOL can prevent radiation pneumonia in rats by reducing the aggregation of mast cells and inhibiting IL-6 expression in the lung tissue.