Objective] To explore the concrete policies and approaches in Chinese-English translation for TCM classics. [Methods] Transformation from parataxis in Chinese to hypotaxis in English is expounded by converting thinking modes and grammatical structure, based on analyzing the characteristics of the two languages in semantic structure and grammar, including tenses, voices, etc. as wel as their relationship with thinking modes. Sentences in English version of Huangdi Neijing(The Inner Classic of Yel ow emperor) are taken as examples. [Results] The implicit logic in Chinese can be unfolded in an explicit fashion in English by restructuring sentences, adding subbjects and conjunctions. [Conclusions] The intrinsic and mutual relationship in or between sentences in source language should be identified before Chinese-English translation for TCM classics is done. Thereafter adjusting and reconstructing can be carried out according to the thinking modes and grammatical rules in target language, achieving semantic correspondence and faithfulness.

Animals ; Danazol ; pharmacology ; Endometriosis ; drug therapy ; Endometrium ; drug effects ; Female ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To put forward a reform assumption of physician payment model based on review of physician payment models abroad. Methods Literature review and expert interview. Results Physician payment model and its reform patterns overseas were discussed. Problems of current physician payment model in Chinese public hospitals were analyzed. Conclusions The physician payment reform in public hospitals should focus on raising physician salary. The investment of resources and technology of medical service projects should be measured reasonably. Setting up responsibility center , saving health care costs and improve the quality of health care are the most important three aspects of physician payment model reform in Chinese public hospitals.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the isolation and antimicrobial resistance of nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli(NFGNB) in order to provide laboratory evidence for clinically selecting antibiotics.METHODS All isolates were identified by routine procedure and DADE BEHRING MicroScan auto-system,and K-B paper disk diffusion in accordance with NCCLS standards was employed for drug sensitivity tests.RESULTS There were 273 strains of NFGNB isolated from Feb 2005 to Aug 2006,mainly from sputum,middle urine and secretion. The main NFGNB were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.The resistance rates of P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii to imipenem/cilastatin,cefoperazone/sulbactam and cefepime were less than 13.6%,11.9% and 25.4%;to amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam were 31.1% to 37.8%.The resistance rate of S.maltophilia was the highest among the NFGNB.Its resistance rates to imipenem/cilastatin showed 100%,to cefoperazone/sulbactam,levofloxacin and compound sulfamethoxazole were less than 14.3%.CONCLUSIONS The NFGNB are the important pathogens causing clinical infection,especially P.aeruginosa,A.baumannii and S.maltophilia.There are significant differences in antimicrobial resistance among different NFGNB.

Objective To evaluate the expression of TGF? 1 in rat testes after vas deferens ligature and release again. Methods Ninety rats were randomized into 3 groups:vas deferens ligature in 35 rats,release again after ligature in 20,sham-operation in 35.Immunohistochemical staining and hybridization in situ were used to detect the expression of TGF? 1. Results The expression of TGF? 1 in vas deferens ligature group was higher than that in sham-operation group after 8 weeks ( P

Objective To explore the possible mechanism for KiSSI gene in control gonadotropin - releasing hormone(GnRH)secretion participating in sexual development onset and normal reproduction regulation by investigating the changes in expression of KiSS1,GnRH in hypothalamus and luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),and estradiol(E2 )in serum by using RNA interference mediated by lentivirus - based vectors,after interfering expression of KiSSI. Methods Ninety female Sprague - Dawley rats of 21 days were randomly divided into 3 groups:interference virus group receiving intracerebroventricular injection of KiSSI - microRNA interference lentivirus;lentivi-rus - control group given intracerebroventricular injection of lentivirus without interference effect;9 g/ L saline control group given intracerebroventricular injection of 9 g/ L saline. Ten rats in each group and the animals were sacrificed at 30 - day - old,35 - day - old,45 - day - old,respectively. Then the expressions of KiSSI and GnRH mRNA were detec-ted in the rat hypothalamus with real - time PCR,the LH,FSH,and E2 in serum was examined with chemiluminescence method. Results The levels of KiSSI mRNA in interference virus group were significantly reduced after being infected with recombinant lentivirus compared with those of 9 g/ L saline control group( at 30 d:0. 106 ± 0. 018;at 35 d:0. 218 ± 0. 025;at 45 d:0. 215 ± 0. 033,all P = 0. 000). The level of GnRH mRNA in interference virus group was sig-nificantly reduced after being infected with recombinant lentivirus compared with that of 9 g/ L saline control group(at 30 d:0. 230 ± 0. 040;at 35 d:0. 407 ± 0. 030,all P = 0. 000). The level of LH in interference virus group was lower than the other 2 groups at 35 d[(0. 101 ± 0. 004)IU/ L,P = 0. 467]. The level of FSH in the interference virus group was lower than that of the other 2 groups at 35 d[(0. 235 ± 0. 014)IU/ L,P = 0. 015]. The level of E2 in the interfe-rence virus group was lower than that of the other 2 groups at 35 d and 45 d[at 35 d:(171. 750 ± 11. 050)nmol/ L, P = 0. 000;at 45 d:(192. 310 ± 13. 100)nmol/ L,P = 0. 010]. Conclusions Lentivirus with KiSSI - microRNA can affect the expression of GnRH mRNA and the levels of sex hormone. Lateral cerebral ventricle microinjection of KiSSI -microRNA lentivirus can delay sexual development of Sprague - Dawley female rats.

Objective To study metabolism of polyunsantured fatty acid (PUFA) and to investigate the relationship between different PUFA compositions and △6 desaturase (D6D) activity in colorectal carcinoma (CRC).Methods Fresh frozen malignant CRC tissues were obtained from 61 patients and blood samples were detected in 38 patients.The PUFA composition in these samples was determined by gas-liquid chromatography on a capillary column.The fatty acid product-to-precursor ratios in blood and tissue as estimates of desaturase activity (D6D activity index),and its relationship with the ratios between different PUFA compositions were investigated.Results Metabolism of ω-6 PUFA dominated in PUFA metabolism path.The ratio of ω-6/ω-3 PUFA was 4.89 in blood samples and 10.15 in tissues.The ratio of LA/ALA was 101.92 in blood samples and 86.16 in tissues.The ratio of ω-6/ω-3 LC-PUFA was 2.86 in blood samples and 4.51 in tissues.The D6D activity index in ω-6 PUFA metabolic processes both in tissues (t =1 1.609,P =0.00) and blood samples (t =-9.151,P =0.00) were higher than that in ω-3 PUFA.Conclusion In colorectal carcinoma,the ω-6 PUFA metabolic not only plays an important role in the metabolism of PUFA,but also is more active than the ω-3 PUFA metabolic,and in some way links to the development of tumorigenesis in CRC.

Objective To discuss and improve the scheme of circulating fluid replacement in the polyuria stage after simultaneous islet cell-renal transplantation.Methods Nursing data of 26 patients after simultaneous islet cell-renal transplantation during the polyuria stage were analyzed retrospectively,the impact on spend-and-tax circulating fluid replacement on the outcome after surgery was observed.Results In 26 patients,3 case suffered graft function recovery delay,23 patients' renal function recovered smoothly without water-electrolyte and acid base disorders in period of diuresis,compared with the 16 cases with traditional fluid replacement in the same time,serum creatinine (SCr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood glucose (BG) decreased significantly in 72 h.Conclusions Using spend-and-tax fluid replacement can reduce postoperative complications such as water-electrolyte and acid-base disorders in simultaneous islet cell-renal transplantation patients,and promote the functional recovery of transplanted islet cells and kidney.

Objective To investigate the independent risk factors of cerebral white matter lesions (WML) of different degrees in the elderly aged 80 years and over,and provide the evidences for forecasting the prognosis of WML.Methods Brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) findings in 151 people aged 74 to 93 years were collected and analyzed.According to the severity of WML in brain MRI using the Fazekas Scale,the persons were divided into non-WML (control) group,mildWML (grade 1 WML) group and moderate-to-severe WML (grade 2 WML) group.The cognitive score,vascular risk factors,cerebral hemodynamic and arteriosclerotic index,and radiological features were compared among the three groups.Subsequent one-way ANOVA and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to determine the statistically significant factors and the independent risk factors among groups.Results The statistically significant factors with one-way ANOVA analysis among the three groups were cognitive performance (F = 48.595,P = 0.000),hypertension (x2 =7.052,P=0.029),cigarette history (x2 = 19.476,P= 0.000),cholesterol (TC) (F= 3.086,P=0.049),Crouse score (F=3.968,P=0.021) and multiple cerebral atrophy indexes.When compared with control group,cigarette history (OR 2.031,95%CI 1.244-1.317),lacunar infarction (LI)numbers (OR 2.031,95%CI 1.316-4.015) and cholesterol (OR 1.610,95%CI 0.972-2.668) were independent risk factors in grade 1 WML group (all P＜0.05).The independent risk factors between grade 1 and 2 WML group were cognitive performance (OR 0.276,95%CI 0.143-0.532),cigarette history (OR 2.262,95% CI 1.260-4.059),and sylvian fissure ratio (SFR) (OR 1.954,95% CI 1.013-3.768) (all P＜0.05).The independent risk factors between the grade 2 WML group and control group were cognitive performance (OR 0.091,95%CI 0.030-0.273),bicoudate ratio (BCR)(OR 2.511,95%CI 1.147-5.499),Crouse score (OR 2.304,95%CI1.127-4.712)and LI numbers (OR 2.200,95%CI 1.028-4.707) (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Mild WML patients have no significant abnormalities in cognition,brain atrophy and cerebral atherosclerosis.Moderate to severe WML patients manifest remarkable cognitive disorder,cerebral atherosclerosis and brain atrophy.Compared with the controls,cognitive performance,BCR,Crouse score,LI numbers were the independent risk factors for moderate-severe WML patients.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; methods ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology