Deflazacort (DFZ, a prodrug) is well absorbed and rapidly metabolized into the active metabolite 21-hydroxydeflazacort (21-OH DFZ) after oral administration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers after a single and multiple oral administration of DFZ tablets under fed condition. Twelve volunteers (six males and six females) were administered a single dose of 6 mg or 12 mg or 24 mg of DFZ in three different periods separately, according to the 3 x 3 Latin square design. Between each administration period there was a washout period of one week. The multiple-dose study of 12 mg dose DFZ per day for 7 consecutive days was started after a 1 w washout period when the single-dose study completed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 21-OH DFZ after the single oral administration of 6 mg, 12 mg and 24 mg DFZ tablets were as follows: (37.7 +/- 11.6), (61.5 +/- 17.7) and (123 +/- 23) ng x mL(-1) for C(max); (1.90 +/- 0.32), (1.96 +/- 0.27) and (2.13 +/- 0.34) h for t1/2; (96.6 +/- 25.9), (190 +/- 44) and (422 +/- 107) ng x h x mL(-1) for AUC(0-14 h), respectively. After the multiple dose administration, the mean plasma concentration at steady-state C(av) was (7.00 +/- 1.66) ng x mL(-1) and the degree of plasma concentration fluctuation DF was 7.7 +/- 1.2. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers were linear over the dose range of 6 to 24 mg. No significant gender differences were found in the pharmacokinetics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers. After the multiple dose administration of 12 mg DFZ for 7 d, no accumulation of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers was observed.

Objective: To analyze the uncertainty in the determination of formaldehyde in food stimulant.Methods: HPLC with pre-column derivation was used to determine formaldehyde in food stimulant.A calculation formula was established to identify the source of uncertainty and the combined uncertainty was evaluated.Results: The synthetic uncertainty in the determination of formaldehyde was 1.7% and the expanded uncertainty was 3.4%.The formaldehyde content in food stimulant was (1.320 ± 0.044) mg·L-1 (k =2).Conclusion: The study provides reference for the uncertainty analysis on formaldehyde content in food stimulant by HPLC with pre-column derivation.

Objective To study the changes of hemodynamic parameters and electrolytes observed within 72 hours of hypothermic therapy in porcine model of cardiac ventricular fibrillation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR ) in order to provide clinical basis for safe application of mild hypothermia.Methods After typical ventricular fibrillation (VF)for 8 minutes,the survival animals were randomly (random number)divided into two groups,namely normothermia group and hypothermia group. Upon restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC ),swine of the hypothermic group was treated by endovascular cooling device at a rate of 1 ℃/h until 33 ℃ and it was maintained for 12 h,then rewarming was initiated passively at a rate of 0.5 ℃/h until 38 ℃.The neurologic deficit scores (NDS)of swine were used to evaluate neurological function at 24 h and 72 h after recovery.Serum levels of potassium and sodium were measured at 0.5 h,6 h,12 h,24 h and 72 h after recovery.Results ROSC (restoration of spontaneous circulation)rate was 84.2%.The hypothermia group had higher survival rates at 24 h (75%) and 72 h (62.5%)compared to the normothermia group (37.5% and 25%,respectively),(P<0.01 ). There were no significant differences in hemodynamic variables (HR,MAP,CO,PAWP and CVP)between the two groups (P<0.05 ),Serum potassium of the hypothermia group was lower obviously at 24 h after recovery (3.41 ±0.11)(P<0.01),and there were no significant differences in serum sodium at all the intervals,and there were no significant differences in underlying trend of electrolytes changes over time (P>0.05).The mean NDSs at 24 h and 72 h after recovery was 112.5 (98.75 -126.25)and 61 (50-75), respectively,in the hypothermic group,and 230 (225 -235)and 207.5 (165 -250),respectively,in the normothermia group (P <0.01 ).Conclusions Hypothermia has little influence on serum levels of potassium and sodium,and mild hypothermia following resuscitation improves neurological function in the porcine models of cardiac fibrillation.

The system construction and work flow of automatic oral drug dispensing system(AODDS) in our hospital are introduced,its' advantages and disadvantages of the application are analyzed.After applying AODDS,drug dispensing speed and accuracy are significantly increased.AODDS is conducive to promote hospital pharmaceutical care and pharmacy quality administration.The application of AODDS in our hospital may be referred for other hospitals to select AODDS.

Objective To evaluate the training effect of Public health emergencies.Methods The testing materials from the training course on public health emergencies in longgang district of Shenzhen in 2009 were analyzed.Results Of all 162 students,98.2% considered the training course was completely important,97.3% students considered the training was very necessary,after training,80% students considered the master degree of related knowledge was improved,93.8% students considered the effect of training on the role of dealing with public health emergency training was very well or average.Conclusions Emergency response training for dealing with the public health emergencies is very effective and completely necessary.

Deflazacort (DFZ, a prodrug) is well absorbed and rapidly metabolized into the active metabolite 21-hydroxydeflazacort (21-OH DFZ) after oral administration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers after a single and multiple oral administration of DFZ tablets under fed condition. Twelve volunteers (six males and six females) were administered a single dose of 6 mg or 12 mg or 24 mg of DFZ in three different periods separately, according to the 3 x 3 Latin square design. Between each administration period there was a washout period of one week. The multiple-dose study of 12 mg dose DFZ per day for 7 consecutive days was started after a 1 w washout period when the single-dose study completed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 21-OH DFZ after the single oral administration of 6 mg, 12 mg and 24 mg DFZ tablets were as follows: (37.7 +/- 11.6), (61.5 +/- 17.7) and (123 +/- 23) ng x mL(-1) for C(max); (1.90 +/- 0.32), (1.96 +/- 0.27) and (2.13 +/- 0.34) h for t1/2; (96.6 +/- 25.9), (190 +/- 44) and (422 +/- 107) ng x h x mL(-1) for AUC(0-14 h), respectively. After the multiple dose administration, the mean plasma concentration at steady-state C(av) was (7.00 +/- 1.66) ng x mL(-1) and the degree of plasma concentration fluctuation DF was 7.7 +/- 1.2. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers were linear over the dose range of 6 to 24 mg. No significant gender differences were found in the pharmacokinetics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers. After the multiple dose administration of 12 mg DFZ for 7 d, no accumulation of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers was observed.
Administration, Oral ; Area Under Curve ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnenediones ; pharmacokinetics ; Tablets

To investigate the synergistic effect of tetrandrine (TET) to the anti-Trichophyton mentagrophytes activity of econazole (ECZ) in vivo,animal model of dermatophytosis in guinea pig was established by inoculating Trichophyton mentagrophytes conidia.These 40 infected animals were divided into 4 groups randomly and from Day 5 after inoculation,they were treated with the following formulations once per day for successive 14 days: 1% econazole and 1% tetrandrine compound cream (1%ECZ+1%TET group),1% econazole cream (1%ECZ group),1%TET cream (1%TET group) and matrix cream (matrix group).The alterations in the skin lesions and the pathological changes were observed.From the 4~(th) day of drugs applying,the tendency of lesion score about 1%ECZ+1%TET group continued to decline.On the 14~(th) day of drugs applying,the lesion score decreased to 0.75.There was a similarity between 1%ECZ+1%TET group and 1%ECZ group in tendency of lesion score,but more reduction was appeared in 1%ECZ+1%TET group than in 1%ECZ group (mean 0.75 VS 2.00) with obviously statistical difference (P=0.037).The culture results of skin sections and the pathological changes in 1%ECZ+1%TET group were less than those of other 3 groups.It's predicted that there is a synergistic effect of tetrandrine to the anti-Trichophyton mentagrophytes of econazole in animal model of dermatophytosis in guinea pig.

Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dyspnea ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Young Adult

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) VP22, is one of the most abundant HSV-1 tegument proteins with an average stoichiometry of 2 400 copies per virion and conserved among alphaherpesvirinae. Many functions are attributed to VP22, including nuclear localization, chromatin binding, microtubule binding, induction of microtubule reorganization, intercellular transport, interaction with cellular proteins, such as template activating factor I (TAF-I) and nonmuscle myosin II A (NMIIA), and viral proteins including tegument protein VP16, pUS9 and pUL46, glycoprotein E (gE) and gD. Recently, many novel functions performed by the HSV-1 VP22 protein have been shown, including promotion of protein synthesis at late times in infection, accumulation of a subset of viral mRNAs at early times in infection and possible transcriptional regulation function.

BACKGROUND: Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin transfer their signals into cells by two primary signal transduction pathways,including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway.But they have different physiological functions.OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assay the dynamic behaviors of phosphoproteomes between EGF and insulin signal transductions in mouse hepatocytes and find key signal proteins.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: Randomized grouping controlled observation experiment was performed in the laboratory of Molecular Biology,Luzhou Medical College between July 2005 and April 2006.MATERIALS: Hepatocytes were from Kunming mice of closed population.METHODS: The primarily cultured mouse hepatocytes were labeled with 32p isotope and then randomly divided into three groups: control,EGF-stimulated (received 10 μg/L EGF),and insulin-stimulated (received 100 nmol/L insulin) groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After mouse hepatocytes were treated with EGF and insulin for 0,5,20,60 and 120 minutes,the dynamic behaviors of phosphoproteomes(I.e,phosphorylated level) between EGF and insulin signal transductions were comparatively analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis method.RESULTS: The categories of all phosphorylated proteins between EGF and insulin-stimulated phosphoproteomes had no apparent difference.The dynamic behaviors of phosphoproteomes of most proteins during EGF signal transduction are parallel with those during insulin stimulation,except the dynamic behaviors of 4 proteins are different significantly.CONCLUSION: Aforementioned 4 phosphorylated proteins were most probably the key members that could distinguish between two signal transduction pathways ornetworks,and determined their major physiological functions respectively.