Objective To prepare carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) targeted and paclitaxel loaded phase-shifting PLGA nanoparticles (Ab-PTX-NPs),and investigate the targeting capability and inhibition to the ovarian cancer cell in vitro.Methods Single-emulsion/solvent evaporation (O/W) and carbodiimide method were used to prepare the Ab-PTX-NPs.The size of nanoparticles was determined by Malvern analyzer.The encapsulation and drug loaded efficiency of paclitaxel were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.And the drug release characteristics was measured by dialysis method in constant temperature shaker.The targeting ability of Ab-PTX-NPs to the ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell was evaluated by the laser scanning confocal microscope and flow cytometry.And the inhibition ability of Ab-NPs was investigated by the CCK-8 assays.Results The size of Ab-PTX-NPs was (397.70±99.95)nm.The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of PTX were (67.26±4.15) ％ and (6.31±0.39) ％,respectively.The conjugating rate of Anti-CEA antibody was (92.74 ± 5.75) ％.The targeting study in vitro showed that such a number of contrast agents landed around the SKOV3 cells in targeting group,and the mean fluorescence intensity of ovarian cells in targeting group was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05).After 24 h,the viability rate of ovarian cells in targeting group was lower than the non-target group (P＜0.05),only higher than that of the pure PTX group (P＜0.05).But there was no significant difference between the targeting group and the pure PTX group (P＞0.05) at 48 h.Conclusion The CEA targeted and paclitaxel loaded phase-shifting PLGA nanoparticles are successfully prepared.It can enhance ultrasound imaging well after activated by LIFU.With high drug-loading efficiency and fast drug release velocity,the Ab-PTX-NPs appeares great targeted ability.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the isoforms of IKAROS in the bone marrow samples from children with acute B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and to investigate the relationship between frequency of dominant-negative (DN) IKAROS isoforms and prognosis of B-ALL, and to preliminarily study the relevant mechanism.

METHODSA total of 137 children with newly diagnosed B-ALL, who sequentially entered the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center between January 2005 and September 2010, were included in the study. Nest-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and TA cloning were used to analyze the expression of IKAROS isoforms in these children. The relationship between frequency of DN IKAROS isoforms and prognosis of B-ALL was investigated.

RESULTSOf the 137 children with newly diagnosed B-ALL, 16 had expression of IK6, 14 had expression of IK4, and 2 had expression of IK7. There was significant difference in 2.5-year event-free survival between the cohorts of DN IKAROS and non-DN IKAROS (P=0.01). Analysis of the 10 paired of diagnosis/relapse samples from 10 patients with recurrence showed that 8 of 10 paired diagnosis and relapse samples had inconsistent expression of IKAROS isoforms. The rate of IK6 expression in relapse samples from 21 relapse ALL patients was significantly higher than in the 137 children with newly diagnosed ALL (62% vs 12%, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSExpression of DN IKAROS isoforms can be a poor prognostic factor in B-ALL and is closely associated with recurrence of B-ALL.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Ikaros Transcription Factor ; genetics ; Infant ; Male ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; mortality ; Prognosis ; Protein Isoforms ; genetics

AIMTo investigate the change of NMDAR1 (zeta 1) subunit expression in temple cortex, frontal lobe, hippocampus and cerebellum of three different group rat after 98 dB wide frequency noise exposure.

METHODSWestern Blot and RT-PCR technique, combined with auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement.

RESULTS(1) Expressions of NMDAR1 (zeta 1) subunit in frontal cortex, temple cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum have no difference, but AD model rat is much weaker than the control group. (2) Expression of NMDAR2A (epsilon 1) in temple cortex for physiological saline groups rat have a mostly increase (plus noise), moreover, those are weakest expression in hippocampus. NMDAR1 (zeta 1) subunit in cerebellum have highest expression, moreover, it is weakest in temple cortex. (3) NMDAR1 (zeta1), NMDAR2A (epsilon 1) subunit expression in hippocampus for three groups rat have a down-regulation after adding noise. (4) NMDAR1 (zeta 1), NMDAR2A (epsilon 1) subunit mRNA expression in control group have no remarkable difference in different cortex. (5) Expressions of NMDAR2A (epsilon 1) in frontal temple cortex, hippocampus for AD model rat are less than that of other groups, weakest in cerebellum, weaker in frontal.

CONCLUSIONWide band frequency noise can reduce the expression of NMDAR1 (zeta 1) subunit in hippocampus and cerebellum of AD model rat, however, the way of regulation is not in the mRNA level. Wide band frequency noise can inhibit the expression of NMDAR2A (epsilon 1) in hippocampus, temple cortex of AD model rat, which has been regulated by mRNA level and have cortex area difference.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Glutamic Acid ; poisoning ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management (TVHSIM) is an essential form of China's two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level.Its main purpose,also one of the target goals in China's new healthcare reform,is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources.This study aims to assess the village doctors' satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM.A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed.Descriptive analysis,independent t-test,one-way ANOVA,Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors' personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales.Village doctors with different years of practice,social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels (all P＜0.05).Age (P＜0.05) and years of practice (P＜0.01) were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management.Essential medical knowledge level (P＜0.05) was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well.However,social insurance status (P＜0.05) was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management.Gender,age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors' satisfaction with TVHSIM (P＜0.01).In conclusion,in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China,a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed.In addition,the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced.Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of zinc finger protein X-linked (ZFX) in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) of children with B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and its relationship with prognosis.

METHODSThe expression of ZFX in human leukemia cell lines (REH, HL-60, NB(4) and K562) was measured by Western blot. ZFX gene was cloned by PCR from one patient and DNA sequencing technology was used to confirm it. Real-time PCR was used for detecting ZFX mRNA expression in the BMMCs of 82 children with newly-diagnosed B-ALL, 24 children with complete remission (CR) after induction therapy and 64 control children (fracture or congenital heart disease patients). According to the presence of bone marrow or central nervous system relapse during a follow-up of 3 years, the patients were identified as having a good or poor prognosis. Their ZFX mRNA levels in BMMCs at diagnosis were compared.

RESULTSZFX protein was expressed in human leukemia cell lines REH, HL-60, NB(4) and K562. ZFX mRNA expression was significantly higher in the newly-diagnosed ALL group than in the control group (P < 0.01). ZFX mRNA expression in the ALL CR group was significantly reduced compared with the newly-diagnosed ALL group (P < 0.01). Children with a poor prognosis had significantly higher ZFX mRNA levels at diagnosis than those with a good prognosis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSZFX is over-expressed in children with B-ALL and its levels are higher in those with a poor prognosis than those with a good prognosis, which suggests that ZFX is important in the prognosis evaluation of B-ALL.

Adolescent ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Male ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To evaluate the role of new strategy in the transmission control of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake re-gion. Methods The information and epidemic data of schistosomiasis control were collected and analyzed in Poyang Lake re-gion from 2005 to 2016. Results After eleven years of carrying out the new strategy,thirteen counties achieved the objective of transmission control in Poyang Lake region. In 2016,the number of schistosomiasis cases and human infection rate were 10301 and 0.03％,decreased by 89.64％and 99.45％compared with those in 2005,respectively. The number of cattle and schistosome-infected cattle were 68152 and 5,decreased by 50.84％and 99.83％compared with those in 2005,respectively. The average density of Oncomelania hupensis snails was decreased by 61.52％. No schistosome-infected snails were found since 2014. Con-clusion The new strategy accurately locates the key points and targets of schistosomiasis transmission chain ,which has con-trolled the human and animal's fecal eggs from polluting grassland,and cut off the transmission chain,reduced both the infec-tion rates of human and animal and the re-infection risk,and promoted to achieve the target of schistosomiasis transmission con-trol in Poyang Lake region.

Objective To evaluate the improvement in the quality of early postoperative recovery in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery with remimazolam-based fast-track anesthesia,and to provide a reference for the clinical optimization of fast-track anesthesia and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery(ERAS)protocols.Methods We selected elective surgery patients undergoing median sternotomy for cardiac valve replacement and/or repair under general anesthesia with extracorporeal circulation.Based on routine anesthesia assessment and fast-track anesthesia suitability assessment,a total of 228 patients were strictly enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups:the Remimazolam group(n=114)and the Propofol group(n=114).Patients in the Remimazolam group were induced and maintained with remimazolam for anesthesia,while patients in the control group were administered propofol.We recorded the general information and surgical data of the patients;the QoR-15 scores before surgery(1 day preoperatively),1 day postoperatively,3 days postoperatively,and 1 day before discharge;as well as hemodynamic parameters at key time points after admission,the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia after anesthesia,the duration of surgery,anesthesia duration,postoperative mechanical ventilation time,ICU stay,postoperative hospital stay,and the incidence of perioperative cardiovascular adverse events and the incidence of early postoperative complications.Results There was no statistically significant difference in general data and QoR-15 scores between the two groups 1 day before surgery(P>0.05).The QoR-15 score of the Remima-zolam group 1 day before discharge was higher than that of the Propofol group,with a statistically significant differ-ence(P<0.05),but the difference was less than the minimum clinically important difference,which is less than 8,indicating no significant clinical benefit.One minute after intubation and one minute after skin incision,the heart rate in the Propofol group slowed down and the Mean Arterial Pressure(MAP)significantly decreased,with a statis-tically significant difference between the groups(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in heart rate and MAP at other times.The incidence of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia was lower in the Remima-zolam group than in the Propofol group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The duration of postop-erative mechanical ventilation,ICU stay,postoperative hospital stay,and the rate of re-intubation were all shorter in the Remimazolam group than in the Propofol group,and the success rate of fast-track anesthesia was higher in the Remimazolam group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of perioperative complications between the two groups.Conclusions Compared with the commonly used intravenous anesthetic propofol,the remimazolam-based fast-track anesthesia regimen did not signifi-cantly improve the postoperative recovery quality scores in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery.However,remimazolam had advantages in maintaining hemodynamic stability,increasing the success rate of fast-track anesthe-sia,shortening postoperative ICU stay and hospital stay,and is a viable intravenous anesthetic option for cardiac surgery patients.

Electromagnetic fields can regulate the fundamental biological processes involved in bone remodeling. As a non-invasive physical therapy, electromagnetic fields with specific parameters have demonstrated therapeutic effects on bone remodeling diseases, such as fractures and osteoporosis. Electromagnetic fields can be generated by the movement of charged particles or induced by varying currents. Based on whether the strength and direction of the electric field change over time, electromagnetic fields can be classified into static and time-varying fields. The treatment of bone remodeling diseases with static magnetic fields primarily focuses on fractures, often using magnetic splints to immobilize the fracture site while studying the effects of static magnetic fields on bone healing. However, there has been relatively little research on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis using static magnetic fields. Pulsed electromagnetic fields, a type of time-varying field, have been widely used in clinical studies for treating fractures, osteoporosis, and non-union. However, current clinical applications are limited to low-frequency, and research on the relationship between frequency and biological effects remains insufficient. We believe that different types of electromagnetic fields acting on bone can induce various “secondary physical quantities”, such as magnetism, force, electricity, acoustics, and thermal energy, which can stimulate bone cells either individually or simultaneously. Bone cells possess specific electromagnetic properties, and in a static magnetic field, the presence of a magnetic field gradient can exert a certain magnetism on the bone tissue, leading to observable effects. In a time-varying magnetic field, the charged particles within the bone experience varying Lorentz forces, causing vibrations and generating acoustic effects. Additionally, as the frequency of the time-varying field increases, induced currents or potentials can be generated within the bone, leading to electrical effects. When the frequency and power exceed a certain threshold, electromagnetic energy can be converted into thermal energy, producing thermal effects. In summary, external electromagnetic fields with different characteristics can generate multiple physical quantities within biological tissues, such as magnetic, electric, mechanical, acoustic, and thermal effects. These physical quantities may also interact and couple with each other, stimulating the biological tissues in a combined or composite manner, thereby producing biological effects. This understanding is key to elucidating the electromagnetic mechanisms of how electromagnetic fields influence biological tissues. In the study of electromagnetic fields for bone remodeling diseases, attention should be paid to the biological effects of bone remodeling under different electromagnetic wave characteristics. This includes exploring innovative electromagnetic source technologies applicable to bone remodeling, identifying safe and effective electromagnetic field parameters, and combining basic research with technological invention to develop scientifically grounded, advanced key technologies for innovative electromagnetic treatment devices targeting bone remodeling diseases. In conclusion, electromagnetic fields and multiple physical factors have the potential to prevent and treat bone remodeling diseases, and have significant application prospects.

Objective: To observe the effect of modified Erchentang on the expression of interleukin-19 (IL-19), interleukin-20 (IL-20)and their receptor IL-20R₁, IL-20R₂ in bronchioles of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to explore the molecular mechanism of modified Erchentang on anti-inflammatory of COPD. Method: The model of rat with COPD was established by cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experimental rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal group, model group, modified Erchentang high, medium and low dose group, and Jizhitangjiang group. Normal group and model group fed with normal saline 4 mL · d^-1, modified Erchentang high, middle, low dosage group(20,10,5 g · kg^-1 · d^-1).The dosage of Jizhitangjiang group was 12 g · kg^-1 · d^-1, all groups were given intragastric administration for 14 days, twice a day. To observe the general situation of rats.To evaluate the pulmonary function of rats. To detect the contents of IL-10, IL-19 and IL-20 in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).To observe the pathological changes of bronchiole tissue by light microscopy.To detect the expression of IL-20R₁ and IL-20R₂ in bronchiole tissue by immunohistochemistry. Result: Compared with normal group, peak expiratory flow(PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV₁/FVC in model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the content of IL-19, IL-20 in serum significantly increased(P<0.05), the content of IL-10 in serum was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the expression of IL-20R₁ and in bronchioles tissue significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the PEF, FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC of Jizhitangjiang group, modified Erchentang high, medium and low dosage group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The content of IL-19, IL-20 in serum significantly decreased(P<0.05), the content of IL-10 in serum was significantly increased (P<0.05), the expression of IL-20R₁ and IL-20R₂ in bronchioles tissue was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Modified Erchentang can improve the lung function and protect the tissue structure of bronchioles in COPD rats, which may be related to the inhibition of the expression of IL-19, IL-20 and their receptor IL-20R₁, IL-20R₂ in bronchioles of rats with modified Erchentang.