Objective To discuss the value of enlargement of geniculate fossa of facial nerve canal in the diagnosis of facial nerve canal fracture.Methods Thirty patients with facial nerve canal fracture underwent axial and coronal CT scan.The correlation between the fracture and the enlargement of geniculate fossa of facial nerve canal was analyzed.The ability of showing the fracture and enlargement of geniculate fossa of facial nerve canal in axial and coronal imaging were compared.Results Fracture of geniculate fossa of facial nerve canal was found in the operation in 30 patients,while the fracture was detected in CT in 18 patients.Enlargement of geniculate ganglion of facial nerve was detected in 30 patients in the operation,while the enlargement of fossa was found in CT in 28 cases.Enlargement and fracture of geniculate fossa of facial nerve canal were both detected in CT images in 18 patients.Only the enlargement of geniculate fossa of facial nerve canal was shown in 12 patients in CT.Conclusion Enlargement of geniculate fossa of facial nerve canal was a useful finding in the diagnosis of fracture of geniculate fossa in patients with facial paralysis,even no fracture line was shown on CT images.

Objective To study the effect of three different kinds of intervenient measures for TB control on the disease burden of TB patients. Method The estimating method of disability adjusted life years(DALY) as recommended by the WHO was used to assess the disease burden of TB patients. Result The average disease burden of new and retreated TB patients covered by the international TB program(ITP) was the lightest, with the loss of 0.31 DALY and 0.62 DALY respectively; the average disease burden of new and retreated TB patients covered by the national TB program(NTP) was intermediate, with the loss of 0.42 DALY and 0.59 DALY respectively; and the average disease burden of new and retreated TB patients from areas using conventional TB therapy(CTT) was the heaviest, with the loss of 0.61 DALY and 0.91 DALY respectively. From a social perspective, the average yearly loss of DALY per thousand TB patients in the ITP, NTP and CTT areas was respectively 16.42, 33.6 and 37.36, with the loss in the NTP areas being 2.05 times as much as that in the ITP areas and the loss in the CTT areas being 2.28 times as much as that in the NTP areas. Conclusion ITP was far superior to NTP and CTT in reducing the disease burden of TB patients, achieving better results both from the perspective of TB patients and the society.

Objective To study the effect of different intervenient measures for TB control on disease financial burden. Method A survey was conducted of the expenses incurred on 1 700 new and retreated TB patients from areas covered by the World Bank project, the Ministry of Public Health project, and non project areas where intervenient measures were also taken. The method of economic estimation was used to explore the disease financial burden carried by the patients families and society. Result The average family disease financial burden is as follows: 1 735 yuan for a new case and 2 755.99 yuan for a retreated case in the international TB program(ITP); 2 669.27 yuan for a new case and 3 530.17 yuan for a retreated case in the national TB program(NTP); and 6 787.02 yuan for a new case and 7 276.10 yuan for a retreated case in the non project areas using conventional TB therapy(CTT). The average social disease financial burden is as follows: 4 735.55 yuan in ITP; 6 471.91 yuan in NTP; and 10 919.96 yuan in CTT. Conclusion The disease financial burden was the lowest in ITP, highest in CTT, and intermediate in NTP.

Objective To study the cost effectiveness, cost utility and cost benefit of three programs for TB control, viz. the World Bank TB project, the Ministry of Public Health TB project and measures taken by non project areas. Method A survey was conducted in TB prevention and treatment institutions in 17 counties of 6 provinces with regard to the course of disease, expenditure for treatment and financial burden of 1 700 new and retreated TB patients. Result The World Bank project, wherein the strategies of directly observed treatment and short course chemotherapy were adopted, proved to be a low input and high output program with low capitalized cost and significant effectiveness, utility and benefit. Suggestion A new round of TB control projects ought to be started so as to achieve the sustainable development of TB prevention and treatment programs and to achieve the goals of the nation in this aspect.

Objective　To investigate the change of epithelium growth factor(EGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), superoxide dismutese(SOD) and hemorrheology (HL) in patients with diabetic retinopathy.Methods　EGF、TNF、SOD levels and HL changes have been measured in 30 NIDDM patients with retinopathy (DR group), 29 NIDDM patients without retinopathy (NDR group), and 29 patients with senile cataract and without diabetes as control (C group). Results　The mean levels of EGF、TNF and blood viscosity were significantly higher in both DR and NDR group than those in C group; the mean levels of SOD was significantly lower in both DR and NDR group than that in C group. The EGF、TNF and blood viscosity was significantly higher in proliferative type DR than in background DR; The SOD was significantly lower in proliferative type DR than in background DR.Conclusion　The development of diabetic retinopathy is related to the increase of EGF、TNF、blood viscosity and decrease of serum SOD.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of patients with flaccid paralysis after high spinal cord injury. Methods1014 cases with traumatic spinal cord injury were investigated. The patients with flaccid paralysis after high spinal cord injury (spinal fractures above the level of T10) were analyzed. Results6 patients were ananlyzed, including 5 males and 1 female, mean of age was (42±12). The neurological injury involved C7 to T8, and the fractures involved T3 to T10. 3 cases had the neurological deterioration upward at least 3 spinal segments after operation compared with the fractures. One case accomplicated with severe pain in the chest had the subacute progressive ascending myelopathy up to C7 level. MRI showed extensive atrophy of thoracic spinal cord 6 months later in 5 cases. ConclusionThe incidence of flaccid paralysis after high spinal cord injury was rare. It presents the extensive thoracic spinal cord atrophy, and the causes and mechanisms are not clear.

This article reviewed characteristics of geriatric traumatic spinal cord injury, including incidence, causes and clinical features, as well as definition, differenciation, special management and treatment strategy for geriatric traumatic spine and spinal cord injury.

3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured and differentiated into mature adipocytes in vitro. The adipocytes were intervened by ACAT inhibitor( 2 μg/ml) and ox-LDL with various concentrations (0,25,50,75,and 100 μg/ml)for 48 h,ACAT inhibitor( 2 μg/ml) and ox-LDL( 50 μg/ml) at the 0,6,18,36,and 48 h,or ACAT inhibitor( 2 μg/ml),ox-LDL( 50 μg/ml),and TUDCA with various concentrations(0,100,200,and 400 μ mol/L)for 48 h,respectively.The levels of visfatin in supernatant were examined by ELISA and the expressions of protein GRP78 and CHOP in adipocytes were detected by Western blot.After the adipocytes were treated with ACAT inhibitor and ox-LDL at different concentrations for 48 h,the cholesterol concentration and the expressions of GRP78 and CHOP protein in adipocytes and the visfatin levels in the supernatant fluid were increased with the increase of the ox-LDL concentration.The differences had statistical significance in the experimental groups compared with blank control group( all P＜0.05 ).After the intervention with ACAT inhibitor and ox-LDL for different durations,the expressions of GRP78 and CHOP protein in adipocytes and the visfatin levels in the supernatant fluid were up-regulated in a timedependent manner.The differences between experimental groups and blank control had statistical significance( all P＜0.05 ).After the intervention with ACAT inhibitor,ox-LDL,and different concentrations of TUDCA for 48 hours,the expressions of GRP78 and CHOP protein in adipocytes and visfatin levels in the supernatant fluid were down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner and as compared with blank control group the difference were statistically significant( all P＜ 0.05 ).The increase of cholesterol load in adipocyte may promote the visfatin secretion,denoting that the mechanism might be due to the enhancement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in aidpocytes.

Objective To explore the effects of natural avocado oil and olive oil on the proliferation and differentiation of HaCaT cells. Methods MTT assay was performed to determine the optimal work concentration of avocado oil and olive oil. Cultured HaCaT cells were divided into 3 groups, i.e., avocado oil group treated with avocado oil of 3% (v/v), olive oil group treated with olive oil of 3% (v/v), and control group without any treatment. Immunocytochemistry and immuno-dot-blot method were used to detect the expressions of c-myc, mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ), nuclear factor ( NF)-κB, filaggrin, involucrin and keratin10 in HaCaT cells. Results As immunocytochemistry showed, the mean grey values (staining intensity) of c-myc,MAPK, and NF-κB in HaCaT cells were 131.4 ± 6.6,136.3 ± 4.5 and 134.3 ± 5.2 respectively in the avocado oil group, 121.1 ± 4.5, 107.9 ± 7.3 and 106.4 ± 5.4 respectively in the olive oil group, significantly higher than that in the control group (101.9 ± 8.9,91.4 ± 5.1 and 94.3 ± 7.0, respectively, all P＜ 0.05), and the avocado oil group was higher than the olive oil group in all the above parameters (all P ＜ 0.05). Increased expressions of filaggrin, involucrin and keratin 10 were observed in the avocado oil group and olive oil group compared with the control group (all P＜ 0.05), and in the olive oil group than in the avocado oil group (all P＜ 0.05).The mean grey values of these proteins obtained by immunocytochemisty were significantly correlated with those obtained by immuno-dot-blot method in avocado oil group (r = 0.94, P ＜ 0.01 ) and olive oil group (r=0.97, P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Certain concentrations of avocado oil and olive oil can promote the proliferation and differentiation of HaCaT cells; avocado oil is more capable to accelerate their growth and proliferation, and olive oil to enhance their differentiation.

Objective To exam the expression and the distribution difference between melatonin membrane receptor subtype Mel 1a and Mel 1b in the central nervous system of rats. Methods In situ hybridization technique was used. Results (1)The Mel 1a mRNA positive cells were mainly detected in the hippocampus,cerebral cortex,supraoptic nucleus,paraventricular nucleus,suprachiasmatic nucleus,inferior olivary nucleus,cortex and fastigial nucleus of cerebellar,ventral horn of the spinal cord,facial nerve nucleus,gigantocellular reticular nucleus,striatum cortex and trigeminal nerve nucleus,etc.(2)The Mel 1b mRNA positive cells were mainly observed in the cerebellar cortex,fastigial nucleus,global nucleus,emboliform nucleus of the medullaris cerebelli,hippocampus,cerebral cortex,ventral horn of the spinal cord,supraoptic nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus.Conclusion\ Mel 1a mRNA positive neurons were abundant and distributed widely in the CNS,while Mel 1b mRNA\|positive neurons distributed comparatively localized.However,the hippocampus and the cortex were two regions which were rich in both Mel 1a and Mel 1b mRNA positive neurons.\;[