The importance of designing experiments in the reform of experimental teaching was expounded.The achievements of reformation and exploration in the selection of experimental items,the improvement of teaching methods,the advancement of teachers' levels and the examination of students' grades in researching and designing experiments in pharmaceutical analysis were summarized comprehensively.

Teaching of medical ethics is important in making up intems'diathesis.Recognition of the relatinship between doctor and patient is an important way for promoting their socialization and specialization since it is the basic relationship which interns face during clinical practising.Only by properly dealingwith the relationship can interns take to strengthen medical ethics study and culture medical moral consciously.

Multi-media pedagogy is one of the widely interesting audio-visual ways in the field of education at present.This paper analyzed how to phase in this pedagogy in medical ethics course by following several aspects:The place of case pedagogy in medical ethics course, the effect of case pedagogy in medical ethics course and the practice of case pedagogy in medical ethics course.

Objective To study the characteristic s of laparoscopic operations in infants younger than 6 months. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the perio perative course of laparoscopic operations in 98 infants. Results All the 46 cases got definite diagnosis by explorative laparoscopic operations except 1 case shifted to open laparotomy. Two cases were shifted to open laparotomy in 51 therapeutic laparoscopic proced ures. Post-operative complications such as respiratory tract infection, hyperca pnia and elevation of myocardial enzyme were found in 11, 14 and 1 cases respect ively. There was no postoperative mortality, no infection nor hernia of incision s in the peri-operative period. Conclusion Appropriate application of laparoscopy in infantile surgery i s of optimistic future for less trauma and complications.

Objective To explore the effect of MMP-1, TIMP-1 on burn wound healing and hypertrophic scar (HS) forming. Methods Normal human full-thickness skin grafts were transplanted to the back of nude (athymic) mice, after these grafts survived, deep Ⅱ degree burn wounds were made in the middle of these grafts. During the process of burn wound healing and HS formation, the expressions of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results MMP-1 expression was first noted by day 2 after burns and became more prominent from day 3 to day 15, and then decreased rapidly. Immunostaining for MMP-1 was markedly increased at boundary regions marked by connective tissue fluidity. Immunoreactive TIMP-1 was also detected by day 2 but rapidly assumed the same interface expression pattern as described for MMP-1. Compared with MMP-1, immunostaining of TIMP-1 was irregular, but was obvious around vascular tissues. Conclusions The balance between MMP-1 and TIMP-1 during the inflammation and granulation phases might be important for the regulation of collagen proteins degradation. Within the remodeling phase, the inhibition of MMP-1 by TIMP-1 and the decrease of collagen degradation might lead to HS forming. The striking immunolocalization of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 to epithelial-dermal, eschar-dermal, and vascular-dermal interfaces suggested that they might play a particularly significant role at boundary regions marked by connective tissue fluidity.

In August 2001, Chinese military released the "Diagnostic criteria, principles of principles of prophylaxis and treatment of military training injuries" for implementation in the armed forces for the first time in history. The "Criteria" standardizes the definitions of military training injuries, categorizes the various injuries with specific diagnostic criteria, and specifies the principles of their prevention and treatment. This paper gives a brief account of the main contents of the "Criteria", and reiterates the basis of designation of precuresor symptoms of various injuries which occur during military training. The paper points out that the army officers should revise the training plan in regard to its contents, duration and intensity timely, if the additive ratio of limb pain and joint swelling reaches 20% and 10%, respectively, during the 3rd-4th training week. During the period of implementation, the "Criteria" has shown to be practical and easy to operate. It has not only provided standardized technical bases for the case reports, stastistics, clinical investigations, and popularization of technics, but also provided a reliable and comparable theoretical foundation to the officers to formulate training protocols. Furthermore, because of the application of the principles of prevention and treatment of injuries during training as documented in the text, as well as psychological education has been emphasized, the incidence of military training injury has been lowered markedly. Through epidemiological study in 10 different army groups, it has been shown that the yearly add up ratios have been lowered from 30%-45% to below 10%.

Objective To study the feasibility of laparoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in children. Methods Two neonates (age 2 and 7 day) and 4 infants (age 7, 10, 21 and 24 months, averaged 15.5 month), one of them was male, underwent laparoscopic repair of diaphragmatic hernia under general endotracheal anesthesia. Two of them were on the left side, and 4 on the right. 3 or 4 trocars were used. The hernia contents were reduced and the hernia defect was repaired using interrupted sutures. Results The laparoscopic procedures were completed without intra-operative complication in 4 infants. The operating time ranged from 55 to 180 minutes (averaged 121 minutes). Amount of bleeding was less than 5ml. In them full activity and feeding were normal within 1-2 days. 1-2 years follow-up showed no complication or recurrence. In one newborn open abdominal operation was required, and recurrence occurred in the other necessitating re-operation by laparotomy in the other newborn. Conclusions Laparoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in infants is feasible, and its result was satisfactory. The role of laparoscopic correction of diaphragnatic hernia in the newborn period, however, remains to be determined.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of ligament advanced reinforcement system ( LARS) artificial ligament reconstruc-tion of the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL) in the operation. Methods Sixty patients with ACL injury in our hospital from September 2011 to May 2013 were randomly divided into LARS group and autologous hamstring tendon ( group ST/G) group with 30 cases in each group,the Lysholm score,IKDC score,the difference of clinical effect and bone tunnel of patients in two groups before treatment and at 3rd,6th,9th, 18th months after treatment were compared. Results The time of walking with crutch,ambulation and restore movement in LARS group were obviously shorter than those in ST/G group(P<0. 05). The Lysholm score,IKDC score,the difference of clinical effect and bone tunnel of patients in two groups after treatment were better than those before treatment(P<0. 05). The difference of Lysholm score and IKDC score be-tween two groups before operation was not significant (P>0. 05). The Lysholm score and IKDC score of LARS group at 3rd,6th,9th months after operation was higher than that of ST/G group,and at 18th months after operation,the difference of Lysholm score and IKDC score be-tween two groups was not significant (P>0. 05). At the last follow-up,the distribution effect of LARS group was higher than that of ST/G group (P<0. 05). The excellent and good rate of LARS group (93. 33%) was higher than that in ST/G group(76. 67%),but the difference was not significant (P>0. 05). There were 6 cases of patients with bone tunnel enlargement in LARS group,14 patients had bone tunnel en-largement in ST/G group. The bone tunnel enlargement rate was significantly higher than that of the LARS group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Ligament advanced reinforcement system of artificial ligament in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendon re-construction can significantly speed up the recovery of the patients,and improve the postoperative curative effect and reduce the incidence of postoperative bone tunnel enlargement.

ObjectiveTo screen the colonization of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) and determine their risk factors in intensive care unit (ICU), so as to provide the basis of prophylaxis and treatment of MDROs colonization.Methods A prospective single-center study was conducted in ICU of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from June 2008 to December 2014. The nostril and anal swabs for each patient who stayed in ICU over 24 hours were collected. Each specimen was cultured and tested for drug sensitivity. Clinical findings and relative risk factors were collected. The risk factors of MDROs colonization were analyzed with univariate analysis. The independent risk factor was selected from the risk factors withP< 0.05 with logistic regression analysis to analyze the related factors of MDROs colonization in ICU.Results 1 672 patients were enrolled. At ICU admission, MDROs colonization was present in 604 cases (36.12%), of whom 62 cases (3.71%) were found to be colonized with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 529 (31.64%) were colonized with extended-spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL) enterobacteria, 7 (0.42%) were colonized with multidrug resistantAcinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB), and 6 (0.36%) were colonized with multidrug resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA). ICU acquired MDROs colonization were 197/1 068 (18.45%), among whom 24 patients (1.44%) were colonized with MRSA, 118 (7.06%) were colonized with ESBL enterobacteria, 50 (2.99%) were colonized with MDR-AB, and 5 (0.30%) were colonized with MDR-PA. By multivariable analysis, prior administration of more than two kinds of antibiotics [odds ratio (OR) = 2.352, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=1.847 - 4.464,P = 0.002], prior use of broad spectrum antibiotics within 3 months (OR = 2.862, 95%CI = 1.458-5.631,P = 0.014), duration of prior antibiotic administration (OR = 1.781, 95%CI = 1.152 - 3.413,P = 0.003) and hospitalization days prior to ICU admission> 9 days (OR = 1.766, 95%CI = 1.235 - 3.986,P = 0.021) were independent risk factors of MDROs colonization on admission to ICU.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of MDROs colonization in ICU patients was found in our hospital, and ESBL enterobacteria was the predominant bacteria. ICU acquired MDROs colonization is also worth considering, especially for MDR-AB. Identification of risk factors for MDROs colonization may help identify and screen patients with high risk, and it is also instructive in prophylaxis of MDROs colonization/infection and restriction of the use of broad spectrum antibiotics.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Heroin Dependence ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; virology ; Young Adult