Objective To observe the basic rhythm of myoelectrie activities of sphcter of Oddi (SO)and explore its biological significance.Methods Healthy adult rabbits(n=32)were randomized into 4 groups with 8 in each.The first group was for recording of myoelectric activities of SO after keeping fast for 18 hours.The second group was manipulated to observe the myoelectric activities of SO after food infusion through the stoma in stomach.The myoelectric activities of SO in the third group were monitored after the classical Nardi test was performed on these rabbits.The fourth group was used to observe the myoelectric activities of SO after the cholinergic receptors had been blocked.Using the double claw metal electrodes which were put into SO and duodenum through the plasma membrance,the myoelectric signal were recorded with RM6240 multi-channel physiologic recording and signal processing system and non-stop recording was conducted for 120-150 mins.Results 1)Spike Potentials of SO with the frequency was observed in rabbits that had been fasting.2)Myoelectronic activity of SO was observed in rabbits infused with 50 ml milk through stoma.3)After the administration of 1 mg morphine and 1 mg neostigmine i.v,the myoelectric activities of SO were noted as long-lasting persistent MASO.4)Administration of anisodamine 1 mg(i.v.)in the empty abdomen group dismissed SPSO and MASO.This state lasted for 120 min before SPSO gradually reconverted to the state of empty abdomen.Conclusion There are four patterns of myoelectric activities of SO,i.e,tensional waves under empty abdomen indicating a state in which the SO kept a basic tension level.Peristaltic waves under intake of food.Spastic waves under the stimulation of drugs and relaxant waves under the post-ganglionic block of cholinergic receptors were observed in the present study.Correspondingly,their mechanic locomotion is inferred as the basic tensional state to faciliate the deposition and condensation of bile,the peristalsis for the entry of bile into duodenum,the spasmus so that the bile can not be released into duodenum under pathological situation or the effect of drugs.the long lasting relaxant state after effective inhibition of post-ganglionic cholinergic receptors,respectively.The above results indicate that there are more than two states that is ON or OFF in SO and the concepts of contract and peristalsis of SO should be distinguished.

Emergency in public health is one major issue relating to the national economy and the people's livelihood.In dealing with the key technologies of detects,diagnosis,disinfection,prevention and control,it is wise to syncretize the correlated subjects in nucleus,chemistry and biology,improve the support condition of teaching,strengthen the reform of teaching contents,add some lessons of emergency treatment,make emergency equipments,and form the ability of rapid diagnosis on the spot and precise identifying in lab,for cultivating the students'capability of spot handling,organization and command,and furthermore exploring and practicing the training pattern of the public heath talent with high quality and emergency ability in our country.

Objective To study the effect of back-pressurized corset in incision pressure dressing after posterior lumbar surgery. Methods Seventy-eight patients who received posterior lumbar surgery during December 2013 to December 2014 in our hospital, were set as the control group and treated by incision dressing using common corset. Another 80 patients receiving the same posterior lumber surgery during January to December 2015 were set as the experiment group and treated with incision pressure dressing using the pressured-corset. After surgery, the two groups were compared in terms of incisive bleeding, completeness of the dresses and waist comfort level at day 7. Results The rate of incisive bleeding in the experiment groups was significantly lower and the comfort level at the lumbar was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the completeness of incisive dresses (P>0.05). Conclusion The incision pressure dressing for the patients after posterior lumbar surgery can remarkably improve the effect of compression fixation on the incision and increase comfort level.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Taijiquan training on bone density and balance function of post-menopause women. Methods59 volunteers of post-menopausal women were divided into Taijiquan group and control group. Bone density was examined with DPX-L. The balance function were recorded with win-pop balance monitor and star diagram. ResultsBone density in lumbar vertebra, left collum femoris and left Ward's septa were higher in the Taijiquan group than in the control group. The lengths of center excursive loci reduced in Taijiquan group. The distances that the foot could touch were longer at Posterolateral, posteromedial, posterior, lateral(back) directions in the Taijiquan group than in the control group. ConclusionTaijiquan training can improve the bone density and balance function in post-menopause women.

Quantitative NMR (qNMR) is a technology based on the principle of NMR. This technology does not need the references of the determined components, which supplies a solution for the problem of reference scarcity in the quantitative analysis of traditional Chinese medicines. Moreover, this technology has the advantages of easy operation, non-destructiveness for the determined sample, high accuracy and repeatability, in comparison with HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS. NMR technology has achieved quantum leap in sensitivity and accuracy with the development of NMR hardware. In addition, the choice of appropriate experimental parameters of the pre-treatment and measurement procedure as well as the post-acquisition processing is also important for obtaining high-quality and reproducible NMR spectra. This review summarizes the principle of qHNMR, the various experimental parameters affecting the accuracy and the precision of qHNMR, such as signal to noise ratio, relaxation delay, pulse width, acquisition time, window function, phase correction and baseline correction, and their corresponding optimized methods. Moreover, the application of qHNMR in the fields of quantitation of single or multi-components of traditional Chinese medicines, the purity detection of references, and the quality analysis of foods has been discussed. In addition, the existing questions and the future application prospects of qNMR in natural product areas are also presented.
Biological Products ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Reproducibility of Results

AIM: To investigate the expression of vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1 (VDUP1) in peripheral eosinophils of asthma patients and its relation with eosinophil activation.METHODS: 10 normal volunteers and 31 mild to moderate asthma patients were selected. Symptom severity, pulmonary function index, induced sputum eosinophil counts were recorded. Then, gene and protein expressions of VDUP1 and ?-actin were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, eosinophils were incubated with IL-5, both VDUP1 and ?-actin were amplified by RT-PCR. The eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) of supernatant and serum were also detected by ELISA assay. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in expression of VDUP1 in asthma attack patients without treatment compared with normal volunteers and patients in remission. In contrast, no significant difference between the patients in remission and normal volunteers was observed. In patients with asthma attacks, a negative relationship between expression intensity of VDUP1 and EOS% in induced sputum and serum ECP concentration was also observed. The expression of VDUP1 in eosinophils was decreased by IL-5 stimulation, simultaneously, the ECP in supernatant was increased. CONCLUSION: The expression of VDUP1 in eosinophils decreases in asthma patients, and is negatively associated with serum ECP and induced sputum EOS%. EOS activation by IL-5 may be related to VDUP1 pathway.

Objective This study is to evaluate the advantages between percutaneous and peratrial device closure of secundum atrial septal defects(ASD) under single transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) guidance.Methods From December 2010 to December 2012,53 patients with the ASD of≤25 mm in diameter underwent percutaneous device closure under simple TEE guidance(the percutaneous group).The device was implanted through the femoral vascular access.Fifty patients with similar age and similar-sized ASD to the percutaneous group,were selected from 350 consecutive patients who underwent peratrial device closure of ASD and assigned to the peratrial group.The ASDs were occluded through a right minithoracotomy approach.The success rate,intracardiac manipulation time,procedural time,postoperative stay and the follow-up results were recorded.Results When the maximum diameter of ASD was ＜ 20 mm,the success rate of both groups was 100％.When the ASD diameter was 20 mm but 25 mm,the success rate was 84％ in the percutaneous group and 100％ in the peratrial group.Three patients failed in the percutaneous group with the ASD diameter of 20 mm and the aortic rim of 3 mm.They were successfully converted to peratrial device closure.The average intrcardiac manipulation time was(20±7) minutes in the percutaneous group and (5 ± 6) minutes in the peratrial group(P ＜ 0.05).The average procedure time was(24 ± 7) minutes in the percutaneous group and (39 ± 6) minutes in the peratrial group(P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative hospital stay was (3.0 ± 0.8) days in the percutaneous group and(4.7 ± 1.5) days in the peratrial group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The percutaneous device closure of ASD under simple TEE guidance is feasible,safe,and efficacious in patients with the ASD diameter of ≤25 mm.It has the advantages of less trauma,less procedural time,shorter hospital stay and better cosmetic results.However,when the ASD diameter was 20 mm and the aortic rim was 3 mm,the peratrial approach may be a better choice.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of peratrial device closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) through a right parasternal approach.Methods Between May 2011 and July 2012,47 patients (peratrial group),aged 7 months to 37 years,underwent peratrial device closure of VSD through a right parasternal approach.According to the same inclusion criteria,47 patients who underwent perventricular device closure of VSD were randomly chosen as the control group (perventricular group).In the peratrial group,a 1.5 to 2.0 cm parasternal incision was made in the right fourth or third intercostal space.The pericardium was incised and cradled.Two parallel pursestring sutures were placed at the right atrium near the atrioventricular groove.After puncture,a specially designed hollow probe was inserted into the right atrium.The probe was passed through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.Under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance,the tip of the probe was adjusted to point to or cross the defect.A flexible guidewire was rapidly inserted into the left ventricle through the channel of the probe to establish a delivery pathway,and the delivery sheath was introduced through the defect over the wire.Then the device was deployed to close the defect.Results Successful implantation of the device was achieved in both groups of patients (100％).In the peratrial group,the entrance and the exit diameter of the VSD were (7.4 ±4.1) mm (range,2.0 to 20.0 mm) and (3.4 ± 1.2)mm (range,2.0 to 7.0 mm),respectively.The mean device size was (6.3 ± 1.5)mm (range,4.0 to 12.0 mm).The mean intracardiac manipulation time is longer in the peratrial group [(15 ± 13) min] than in the perventricular group[(8 ± 5)min],P ＜ 0.01.But the procedure time is shorter in the peratrial group[(56 ± 24) min] than in the perventricular group [(72 ± 16) min],P ＜ 0.01.During the follow-up period of 1 to 12 months,no device-related complications were found.Conclusion The peratrial device closure of VSD is feasible,safe,and efficacious.It has the advantages of less invasiveness,better cosmetic results,and a shorter procedure time.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of perventricular device closure of supracristal or intracristal ventricular septal defects (VSD) using a minimally invasive technique through a parasternal approach.Methods 49 patients,aged 4 months to 53 years [median 4.8 years],were enrolled in this study.A 1.5 to 3 cm parasternal incision was made in the left second or third intercostal space.The pericardium was incised and cradled without entering the pleural space.Two parallel pursestring sutures were placed at the right ventricular outflow tract.After puncture,the specially designed delivery sheath loaded with the device was inserted into the right ventricle.Under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance,the sheath was advanced through the defect into the left ventricle.Then the device was deployed to close the defect.Results Successful implantation of the device was achieved in 47 patients (96％),including 26 in intracristal group and 21 in supracristal group.The concentric,eccentric,and muscular occluders were used in 17,28 and 2 patients,respectively.The mean diameter of VSD was (4.4 ± 1.7)mm in the intracristal group and (2.7 ± 0.9) mm in the supracristal group.The mean device size was (7.0 ± 2.3) mm and (4.8 ± 1.1)mm in the intralcristal and supracristal group,respectively.The mean intracardiac manipulation time was (17 ± 16) min.During the follow-up period of 3 to 24 months,no device-related complications were found.Conclusion The perventricular device closure of small-sized supracristal or under medium-sized intracristal VSD is feasible,safe,and efficacious through a left parasternal approach.

In order to control the quality of Vigna radiata, the quality control method and standard were established in this study. The tests of water content, ash and ethanol-soluble extractives of V. radiata were carried out according to the methods recoded in appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition, volume 1). The TLC method was established by using vitexin and isovitexin as references, and a mixture of acetate-method-water (10: 1.7 : 1.3) as the developing solvent system on GF254 thin layer plate. The contents of vitexin and isovitexin were determined by HPLC on a Prevail C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column, using acetonitrile: water (23 : 77) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The column temperature is 30 degrees C and the detection wavelength is 337 nm. As a result, vitexin, isovitexin and the other constituents were well separated on TLC detected under the UV light (254 nm). The methodology validation for the assay of vitexin and isovitexin presented that they were in good linear correlation in the ranges of 6.12-98 mg x L(-1) and 6.85-109.6 mg x L(-1), with the regression equations of Y = 46.213X - 7.100 (r = 1.000) and Y = 54.515X + 6.829 (r = 1.000), and the average recoveries were 98.2% (RSD 1.9%) and 97.2% (RSD 0.79%), respectively. The content ranges of vitexin and isovitexin from 25 different batches of V. radiata were 1.076-2.062 mg x g(1) and 1.127-2.303 mg x g(-1), respectively. suggesting that the qualities of V. radiata are relatively stable. The ethanol-soluble extractives, water content and total ash of 25 samples varied in the ranges of 13.27% - 18.46%, 9.59% - 12.43% and 2.63% - 3.53%, respectively. All of the above data proved that the established quality of control method V. radiata is specific and accurate, which can be used for the quality control of this drug.
Apigenin ; chemistry ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Quality Control