With the development of radiotherapy techniques,the efficacy of radiotherapy for liver tumors has been improved,and radiothera-py can be considered as an alternative treatment for patients who are not suitable for surgery.The progress in liver tumor radiotherapy repor-ted in the 55th annual meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO)in 2013,particularly the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver tumors,is reviewed.In the future,radiotherapy may be increasingly used as an ef-fective method in the treatment of liver tumors.The main studies reported at the meeting are sorted as follows in this article.

Objective To explore the distribution and migration of oval cells in progressive hepatic injury.Methods Sixty SD rats were divided into the control group ( n =20) and experimental group ( n =40). After the establishment of hepatic carcinoma models, C kit was continuously detected by immunohistochemistry and the liver pathologic changes were regularly observed by optical microscopy. Results The hepatic surface was smooth with eumorphism in histology in the control group. The C kit positive cells were occasionally found. In the experimental group, the oval cells with C kit positive were initially discovered in the portal regions in the second week, and these cells proliferated along the bile duct epithelia. With the hepatic injury becoming more serious, the oval cells extended into the hepatic lobular regions from the portal regions. When hepatocellular carcinoma occurred,the majority were mixed carcinomas, and the oval cells were found inside and outside the carcinoma nodes. In this period, the most of C kit positive cells still located in the portal regions. Conclusion ①The oval cells are the most sensitive cells for the hepatic injury. ②The oval cells which migrate unruly participate in the formation of hepatic pseudolobules. ③The oval cells play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of anti-β2 glyeoprotein Ⅰ antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA)in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). Methods The anti-β2-GP Ⅰ antibodies and anti-cardiolipin antibodies(ACL) level were measured by ELISA in 100 SLE patients, 39 other rheumatoid arthri-tis patients and 30 healthy control people. Their clinical application was analyzed in SLE diagnose and thera-py. Results The level of anti-β2-GP Ⅰ (IgG, IgM, IgA)were significantly higher in SLE than that in healthy (P < 0. 01 ). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 17.2%, 95.7%, 85.0% and 44. 6%, respectively. There was a significant and positive correlation be-tween anti-β2-GP Ⅰ antibodies and ACL antibodies ( IgG, IgM, IgA) (r = 0.418, 0. 624, 0.518, 0. 583, P <0.01). In multivariate analysis the factors(anti-β2-GP Ⅰ antibodies, ACL antibodies, dsDAN, u1-RNP, Sm, SSA, SSB, Jo-1, Scl-70, P-protein, PT, APTT) associated with SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI) were anti-β2-GP Ⅰ (IgG) and dsDNA. Conclusion anti-β2-GP Ⅰ antibody has high specificity and positive predict value, also is associated with SLE's thrombosis. It has some values in the clinical application.

Objective To explore the effect of picrodideⅡ on the expressions of Caspase-3 in brain tissue following cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion models were established with intraluminal thread methods in rats. Picrodide Ⅱ (10 mg/kg) was injected from tail vein for treatment. The neurological function was evaluated with Bederson's test. The brain structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE)stain and the apoptosis were counted by TUNEL immunofiuorescence assay. The expressions of Caspase-3 were detected with immunohistochemical and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results After ischemia for 2 h and reperfusion for 22 h, the rats showed neurological function deficit. The expressions of Caspase-3 and the number of apoptotic cells in brain tissue increased significantly than those in the sham operative group (P＜ 0.01). In picroside, the Bederson's scores, the expressions of Caspase-3 and the number of apoptosis cells were significantly lower than those in the negative control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Picroside Ⅱ might reduce the expressions of Caspase-3 to inhibit the neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and improve the neurological function of rats.

We reviewed medical data of 22 patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis therapy for acute isehemic stroke and evaluated our efforts of promoting intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.The mean in-hospital delay was 107 minutes.The most common reason was waiting for the results of laboratory tests.Only 6 cases received a standard dose of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) at 0.9 mg/kg.Only one patient had asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.No symptomatic hemorrhage occurred.Intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke had excellent safety profile.Intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke should be promoted under the guidance of standardized protocol according to the national guideline.

Objective:To determine the region of human transmembrane tumor necrosis factor alpha (TM TNF?),essential for cytotoxic activity against mouse L929 cell.Methods:Single amino acid substituted TM TNF? mutant proteins(muteins) were produced by in vitro transcription linked translation techniques.An expression cDNA for TM TNF? was site directed mutagenized by recombinant PCR.7 single amino acid substituted TM TNF? muteins were generated and assayed for cytotoxic activity.Results:The cytotoxic activities of TM TNF? muteins,eg,TM TNF? -71/Lys was

Objective The micro-vascular element plays a key role in the delivery of nutrients and the regulation of hemodynamic behavior, however, research is often hindered by ethical , economic and technological issues .Therefore, construction of a micro-vascular network in vitro will help to study the related pathological and physiological behavior in microvessels.Methods In this study, a micro-vascular element model with features of a micro-vascular network in vivo was designed based on the network structure of retinal arterioles .A micro-vascular network model in vitro, characterized by network asymmetry and the presence of both bifurcation-and side-branches , was developed by soft lithography technology . The developed microdevice allowed for the quantification of the cell -depletion layer ( CDL) thickness and hematocrit ( Ht) distribution within the microchannel networks .Results and Conclusion The study showed the potential of the developed in vitro model in revealing key hemodynamic features which have been detected for microvascular elements in vivo, including the relationships between CDL thickness , Ht and red blood cell distribution .The present study provides a new strategy and a technology for studying hemodynamics and microvascular system diseases in vitro.

Objective To analyze the initial response rate of radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and the influence of different treatment modalities on pmgnnsis of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)of the nascl cavity.Methods From January 1993 to December 2002,70 patients were confirmed by histopathology as NHL,including 52 T cell origin,2 B cell and 16 NK cell.The main radiotherapy portal was set in front of the nose with a spade like protrusion,supplement with a portal next to the ear on one side or both sides.Combined portal in facial cervical area was first used when there was invasion of the oropharynx.The median dose to the nasal cavity wag 54.0 Gy with a range of 336 to 66 Gy,given before or during after radiotherapy or alone,consisted of 2-6 cycles chemotherapy of COP,CHOP or COBDP.Prognostic factors were analyzed with Cox model. Results The local control rates was 12.5%, 66.7% and 74.0% in chemotherapy alone,radiotherapy alone,and chemotherapy plus radiotherapy.The 5-year survival rate Wag 12.5%,50.0% and 62.0%,respectively(P＜0.05).Multifaetor analysis showed that tumor extension and treatment methods were the most important prognostic factors besides Ann-Arbor stage,but gender,pathology,age and symptoms had little effect on prognosis.Conclusion Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy group achieved a better survival rate than radiotherapy alone.For some NHL patients with good financial condition,APBSCT is a good choice.

Objective: To investigate the measles antibody level among residents in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province in 2018, so as to provide the evidence for improving the measles control strategy. Methods: The permanent residents aged 0 to 59 years were randomly sampled from 10 townships ( streets ) in Kecheng District and Changshan County of Quzhou City. Residents' demographics and vaccination of measles-containing vaccine ( MCV ) were collected, and serum anti- measles IgG antibody was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ). The positive rate, protective rate and geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-measles antibody were estimated. Results: A total of 606 residents were tested, with a male to female ratio of 0.83∶1. The subjects had a median age ( interquartile range ) of 17.36 ( 29.07 ) years, and 399 residents ( 65.84% ) had a vaccination history of MCV. The positive rate, protective rate and GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody were 94.88%, 48.68%, and 784.51 ( 95%CI: 731.14-841.40) mIU/mL, respectively. The positive rate of anti-measles IgG antibody was higher in men than in women ( 97.08% vs. 93.07%, χ2=4.968, P=0.026 ), and the protection rate was lower in men than in women ( 44.16% vs. 52.41%, χ2=4.089, P=0.043 ). The protective rate and GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody showed a“U”-shaped distribution with age, and a low protective rate was seen in residents aged 10 to 39 years ( 23.53% to 46.67% ), which the GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody that did not reach the protective level. A total of 233 residents at age of 15 years and below had with a history of two-dose MCV vaccination, and the positive rate ( χ2trend=7.260, P=0.007 ), protective rate ( χ2trend=12.756, P<0.001 ) and GMC ( rs=-0.289, P<0.001 ) of anti-measles IgG antibody presented a tendency towards a reduction with time <1 to 11 years after vaccination of the last dose of MCV. Conclusions A high positive rate of anti-measles antibody was detected among residents in Quzhou City in 2018; however, the protection rate of anti-measles antibody was low among residents at ages of 10 to 39 years. The coverage of MCV vaccination is recommended to be improved among residents at ages of 10 to 39 years in Quzhou City.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in the therapy of plaque psoriasis.
Methods Literatures published up to November 2013 were collected from Cochrane library, MEDLINE, and PubMed which were related with ustekinumab for plaque psoriasis. The efficacy was estimated using relative risk of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 response rate at the week 12 endpoint in clinical trials, and adverse effects were also analyzed. Meta-analysis was carried out by using Review Manager 5.1.
Results Six randomized control trials consistent with the inclusion criteria were selected and reviewed. Ustekinumab 45 mg group and 90 mg group could get better therapeutic effect compared with the placebo group (all P<0.00001). Furthermore, ustekinumab 90 mg group was more effective than ustekinumab 45 mg group (P=0.01). Adverse effects in the 6 trials were mentioned including headache, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngtis, infection, serious infection, cardiovascular events, and malignant tumors. There were no statistically significant differences of these adverse effects among three groups (all P>0.05), except that infection rate in ustekinumab 45 mg group was higher than the placebo group (P=0.02).
Conclusions Ustekinumab is an effective and safe therapeutic method for plaque psoriasis. However, further longer time analysis of safety is needed.