Kidney, as an important metabolic organ of humans, has many functions such as excreting metabolic waste, maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance, controlling blood pressure and secreting hormones. Kidney disease is a common disease which endangers human health and has become a global public health problem. The rapid increase in the number of patients with kidney disease and the continuously increased treatment costs have brought a heavy burden to society and families. Western medicine is developing rapidly in the treatment of kidney diseases and has a definite effect, but improper using of Western medicine may easily aggravate kidney damage. In recent years, Chinese medicine and monomers have been widely recognized and applied in the treatment of kidney disease due to the advantages of multiple targets and pathways. Berberine (BBR) is a quinoline alkaloid extracted mainly from the Chinese medicine Coptis Chinesis Franch, and has a variety of pharmacological effects and excellent renal protection. BBR has the therapeutic characteristics of multi-target and multi-channel, which make it have great potential in the treatment of renal diseases. The pharmacological mechanism of BBR, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, lowering blood sugar, blood pressure and blood lipid, anti-tumor, etc. and combined with the clinical application of BBR in diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury and renal cancer, etc. has been summarized in present paper, so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of kidney disease and lay the foundation for the integration of Chinese and Western medicine.

The circuit of a monitoring system for respiratory mechanical parameters is designed based on the detection of respiratory flow and pressure. Breaking through the restrictions of traditional methods that can only monitor respiratory rate, this design is able to monitor more than 10 respiratory parameters simultaneously and thus provides a good technical support for improving the properties of homemade monitors.
Airway Resistance ; Computer Simulation ; Computers ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; methods ; Respiratory Mechanics ; Software Design ; Therapy, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; methods ; Transducers

Objective To observe the effects of long-term hemodialysis(HD) combined with hemoperfusion(HP) on the levels of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods Forty-six patients with MHD were selected and divided into HD +HP group and HD group .HD+HP group ( n=22 ) was treated with low-flux HD twice a week and HD combined with HP once a week ,while HD group(n=24) was treated with low-flux HD three times a week.The follow-up lasted 36 weeks.The pre-dialysis concentration of PBUTs was measured at week 12, 24, 36 and baseline.PBUTs included hippuric acid (HA), indoxyl sulphate (IS)and p-cresyl sulphate (PCS).High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( HPLC-MS/MS) was used for determination .Results After 36 weeks of follow-up, the concentration of the three toxins in the HD +HP group was lower than that in the HD group during the study.At the end of the study, the reduction rates of HA, IS and PCS were 33.5%,12.8% and 24.2%, respectively, in HD+HP group.The three toxins in HD group increased by 2.3%,21.8%and 2.8%.The clearance rate of HA, PCS and IS in the HP+HD group was higher than in HD group (P<0.05).Conclusion Long-term HD combined with HP can more effectively remove PBUTs , and keep them at a lower level .

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Chinese herbal compound (CHC) on the expression of hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 in rat model of alcoholic fatty liver (AFL).

METHODSThe AFL rats models were established by administering the drinking water with 40%(v/v) ethanol, and the changes of pathology in liver and hepatocyte P450IIE1 expression, as well as the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), vitamin E (VitE) in liver were detected and compared with those in the control group.

RESULTSFatty degeneration in liver recovered normally in the CHC-treated group. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization examination showed that CHC could inhibit the hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 expression markedly, and restore the contents of MDA, SOD, GSH, VitE to nearly normal range.

CONCLUSIONCHC can prevent AFL through inhibiting the hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 expression markedly

Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Changji'an Capsule (CA) on mRNA expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus and colon and serum levels of adreno-cortico-tropic hormone (ACTH) in rats of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model rats.

METHODSTotally 48 SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the Pinaverium Bromide group (PB, 0.018 g/kg), the high dose CA group (2.812 g/kg), the medium dose CA group (1.406 g/kg), and the low dose CA group (0.703 g/kg), 8 in each group. The IBS-D rat model was established by using separation of breast milk + stimulation of acetic acid + constraint of four limbs. Normal saline was given to rats in the normal control group and the model group. All medication lasted for 14 successive days by gastrogavage. The serum content of ACTH was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of NPY mRNA in the colon and the hypothalamus were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the serum ACTH content significantly increased (P < 0.01), the NPY mRNA expression in the colon and the hypothalamus obviously decreased (P < 0.01) in the model control group. Compared with the model group, the serum ACTH obviously decreased in the high dose CA group, the medium dose CA group, and the PB group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The NPY mRNA expression in the colon and the hypothalamus were obviously up-regulated in the high dose CA group, the medium dose CA group, the low dose CA group, and the PB group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCA could modulate the abnormity of brain-gut axis of IBS-D rats possibly by up-regulating NPY mRNA expressions in the hypothalamus and the colon and down-regulating the ACTH content in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Colon ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuropeptide Y ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage in children undergoing adenoidectomy, and to discuss its possible causes.

METHODSIncluded in this study were children who underwent adenoid and/or tonsil surgery at Shenzhen Children's Hospital between January 2004 and November 2009. The change of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were retrospectively analysed. The blood loss was estimated by the change of Hct.

RESULTSThere were 2078 cases that accomplished the inclusion criteria in the period of study. Ten children bled 0.5 - 4.0 hours after surgery, without superfluous hemorrhage during the operation and post-tonsillectomy. This represented an incidence of 0.48%of immediate postoperative haemorrhage among the 2078 procedures analyzed. Statistical differences were found between boys (0.21%) and girls (1.10%, χ² = 5.597, P < 0.05). The change of Hb and Hct was positively correlated (r = 0.95, P < 0.01), the blood loss was positively correlated with the bleeding time (r = 0.66, P < 0.05). The causes of postoperative hemorrhage were coagulation system deficits, chronic nasopharyngitis, deficient hemostasis and immoderate ravage. To control the postoperative hemorrhage, 2 postnasal packing under topical anaesthesia and 8 electrocautery under general anaesthesia were applied.

CONCLUSIONSPoor operative technique and deficient hemostasis are the major causes of primary hemorrhage. Prompt operation to control the postoperative bleeding should be done 2 hours after bleeding under general anesthesia in order to avoid severe complications.

Adenoidectomy ; adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tonsillectomy ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and safety of CO2 laser supraglottoplasty for severe laryngomalacia in infants.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to December 2011, 32 infants with severe laryngomalacia were confirmed by electronic laryngoscope and clinical assessment in Shenzhen Children's Hospital. According to the choice made by the parents, 16 children accepted CO2 laser supraglottoplasty (group 1), the others were treated conservatively (group 2). The beginning observation point T0 was defined as the age on the first medicine taking day or the age of surgery. T1, T3, T6 were defined as 1, 3, 6 months following T0. Clinical symptoms included stridor, dyspnea, aspiration, and respiratory infections. The body weight, PSG reports, laryngoscope findings, cure rates of the two groups were compared.

RESULTSThe anatomical abnormalities were corrected surgically, and the symptoms ,such as stridor, dyspnea, and aspiration improved rapidly after the operation. The cure rates was higher in group 1 than in group 2 on T1, T3, T6 stage. There were statistically significant differences(χ(2) were 13.9, 28.1, 24.6 respectively; all P < 0.01). Children in group 1 gained weight better than in group 2. There was a statistically significant difference in Z scores median on T1, T3, T6 stage (z score were -0.848, -2.940, -4.110; P < 0.05, or P < 0.01 respectively). The lowest oxygen saturation in group 1 improved one month after the surgery (from average 0.686 ± 0.106 to 0.901 ± 0.041). There was a statistically significant difference (t = -7.876, P = 0.001). Complications included adhesion (1 case) and temporary new-onset aspiration (1 case).

CONCLUSIONSThe CO2 laser supraglottoplasty can resolve severe laryngomalacia symptoms including stridor, dyspnea and aspiration. It can reduce the frequency of respiratory infections, and contribute to weight gaining. The CO2 laser supraglottoplasty is effective, of high security and with rare complications.

Carbon Dioxide ; Glottis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Laryngomalacia ; radiotherapy ; Laryngoscopes ; Lasers, Gas ; therapeutic use ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo analyze the causes and the clinical characteristics of the neonatal inspiratory dyspnea; so to raise the diagnosis and cure rate of the disease.

METHODSEleven new born infants with severe inspiratory dyspnea were investigated from March, 2001 to June, 2004 in Shenzhen children's hospital. Six infants were male and 5 were female. The average age was 7.2 days ( range from 8 hours to 28 days). Four cases were hospitalized with trachea intubation. Three of them can not cry, and 2 cases were diagnosed as bilateral vocal cord paralysis, 1 case as multiple cranial nerve palsy with direct laryngoscopy. Two cases couldn't drink milk continuously and accompanied with deteriorated inspiratory dyspnea, and were diagnosed as congenital adenoid hypertrophy and neonatal rhinitis respectively with compute tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Among the 6 cases with persistent inspiratory dyspnea, four of them were diagnosed as congenital laryngocele by direct laryngoscope, one case was diagnosed as subglottic stenosis by tracheoscopy and one case was confirmed to be thoracic tracheostenosis when tracheotomy performed.

RESULTSFour congenital laryngoceles and one case congenital adenoid hypertrophy were cured with surgery. Two bilateral vocal cord paralysies and one case of subglottic stenosis received tracheotomy. One neonatal rhinitis case applied 0.25% ephedrine. One case of thoracal tracheostenosis died. The parents of the infant with multiple cranial nerve palsy refused to accept any treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe laryngoscope examination is recommended for patients with neonatal inspiratory dyspnea. It is necessary for patients with persistent dyspnea to be examined by tracheoscopy as early as possible.

Dyspnea ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Laryngoscopy ; Male

OBJECTIVETo explore the function and motor pathway of remained cerebral hemisphere by studying motor evoked potential of both upper extremities on patients long term after anatomical hemispherectomy.

METHODSFive patients after anatomical hemispherectomy, who were marked 5 dispersive sites on head to perform transcranial magnetic stimulation. Recording motor evoked potential of target muscles (brachioradialis muscle and abductor pollicis brevis) of both upper extremities respectively when muscle resting and contracting.

RESULTSOnly affected abductor pollicis brevis of case 2 and only affected brachioradialis muscle of case 4 and 5 recorded motor evoked potential when muscle resting. Motor evoked potential of some cases can be recorded simultaneously in homonymous muscles of both sides when muscle resting or contracting.

CONCLUSIONSThere exists motor cortex that controls movement of ipsilateral limbs and also ipsilateral motor pathway of corticospinal connection at patients after anatomical hemispherectomy. It also means that the motor function of affected limbs has potency to recover well after hemispherectomy. The mirror movement after hemispherectomy is possible relate to overlap of both limbs' motor cortex.

Adult ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; physiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemispherectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Cortex ; physiopathology ; Postoperative Period ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Upper Extremity ; physiopathology

Objective To explore the effects of psychology of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy on family management.Meth-ods From August,2013 to August,2014,the main caregivers of 222 children with cerebral palsy were investigated with questionnaires of de-mography,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),Index of Well-being,Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Family Management Measure(FaMM).Results The scores of Condition Management Ability,View of Condition Impact, Condition Management Effort, Family Life Difficulty and Parental Mutuality of FaMM were higher than the median (t>8.866, P<0.001). The scores of CD-RISC,SAS and SDS were less than the norms of Chinese(t>5.523,P<0.001).Index of Well-being was(7.63±2.96).The factors related with the dimensions of family management included the time of hospitalization of children,the expectation of rehabilitation, the levels of anxiety and psychological resilience,and the index of well-being of the parents(P<0.05).Conclusion The psychology of care-givers of children with cerebral palsy and family management are dissatisfactory,and the psychology may influence family management.