Objective To prepare the paliperidone long-acting suspension for injection and study the quality of it.Methods The optimum formula was measured by using orthogonal design method regarding the content of paliperidone, Na-CMC,mannitol and the ground time as variable factors. Orthogonal design table L9 ( 34 ) was used in the experiment. The paliperidone long-acting suspension for injection was prepared by grinding the dispersion,and its quality was evaluated. Results The optimum prescription was as follows: using paliperidone 40 g, Na-CMC 15 g, mannitol 60 g, purified water 1 000 mL, appropriate amount of NaH2 PO4 and NaOH, and grinding for 1 h. Paliperidone long-acting suspension for injection was characterized by an average pH of 7. 0,and ratio of average sedimentation volume of 90. 3%. The suspension released smoothly within 1 h in vitro and achieved sustained release. The suspension was stable in a freeze-dried powder. Conclusion The preparation for paliperidone long-acting suspension for injection is simple and stable,which may be a novel drug delivery system.

OBJECTIVE:To establish and carry out total quality management and evaluation system in hospital pharmacy. METHODS: The background and the implementation steps of the total quality management in hospital pharmacy were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: Seven steps were included in total quality management of hospital pharmacy, i.e. role shifting of drug control room, transpositional thinking, orientation defining, network construction of quality management, improvement of quality management regimen, fusion of quality management with the construction of department culture. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of the new model of the total quality management in hospital pharmacy has contributed to the preliminary establishment of the quality evaluation standard for dispensing as well as the forming of the total quality control system in hospital pharmacy and the upgrading of the scientific management in hospital pharmacy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of low dose 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) combined with triamcinolone in the treatment of keloids, comparing with results with use of triamcinolone treatment alone.Methods Patient records from 2012 to 2013 were reviewed.45 patients (56 keloids) were completely randomized into 2 groups.Low dose of 5-Fu combined with triamcinolone were used to treat keloids in group A, while triamcinolone alone was used in group B.The therapeutic effects were evaluated by the certification of excellent remission, remission, inefficacy and total efficacy.The results were analyzed with statistics.Results In group A (27 keloids), the excellent remission cases were 16 (59.3%), the remission cases were 9 (33.3%), and the inefficacy cases were 2 (7.4%).The total percentage of efficacy in group A was 92.6%.In group B (29 keloids), the excellent remission cases were 9 (31.0%), the remission cases were 12 (41.4%), and the inefficacy cases were 8 (27.6%).The total therapy efficacy percentage of group B was 72.4%.Both the total percentage of efficacy and the excellent remission percentage in group A were apparently higher than those of group B, and the differences between the two groups were of statistical significance (P<0.05).The recurrence rates of group A were 3.7% (one case) while that of group B were 24.1% (7 cases).The differences between the two groups were also of statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusions Low dose 5-Fu combined with triamcinolone is superior to intralesional triamcinolone therapy alone in the treatment of keloids.

Objective To evaluate the analytical performance of glutamate dehydrogenase(GLDH) activity detection kit using continuous monitoring assay.Methods GLDH activity was determined by using continuous monitoring assay on ADVIA 2400 automatic biochemistry analyzer.Performance characteristics,including precision,linearity,interference and accuracy,were evaluated respectively according to EP5-A2,EP 6-A,EP7-A2,EP15-A document issued by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI).Results The coefficient of variation(CV) of within-run and total precision at high concentration(45.0 U/L) were 3.09% and 3.83% respectively,CV of within-run and total precision at low concentration(21.1 U/L) were 4.88% and 5.74% respectively.The linear range was 2.9-155.4 U/L.The interference bias of 2 g/L hemoglobin,342 μmol/L bilirubin,0.3 g/L vitamin C and 5.6 mmol/L triglyceride were less than 4.82%.For the accuracy based tests,the bias was less than 10.59%.Conclusion The analytical performance of the GLDH detection kit could achieve the manufacturer''s performance indication and meet the clinical needs.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabled traumatic disease,which can lead to quadriplegia or paraplegia,sensorimotor and multiple organ dysfunction.It not only endangers the health of patients and reduces the quality of life of patients,but also brings great physical burden and psychological pressure to family caregivers.This article reviews the concept,characteristics,psychological status and influencing factors of caregivers of the patients with SCI,in order to change the perspective of psychological concern of medical staff and provide reference for psychological intervention,so as to reduce the incidence of negative psychological problems of family caregivers and effectively improve the quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and observe the therapeutic effect with integrative Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) approach in treating patients with SARS.

METHODSForty-eight patients selected from the authors' hospital, whose diagnosis confirmed as SARS were analysed to sum-up the diagnostic type and basic feature of patients and the chief clinical characteristics. All the patients were randomly divided into the trial group and the control group, 24 in each. The control group was treated with the western medical therapeutic program and the trial group was treated with ICWM therapeutic program. The differences between the two groups were compared in terms of development of illness, time of using corticosteroid and absorption time of pulmonary inflammatory lesion, etc.

RESULTSMost patients were youth and adult aged between 18 to 40 years old, the initial symptom was mainly the high fever, accompanied with general soreness, chest stuffiness and cough, etc. The hospitalization time, body temperature fluctuation sustaining time and time of using corticosteroid in the trial group were shorter than those in the control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). ICWM treatment showed a better effect in defervescence and inflammatory lesion absorption time, but with no statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONPatients of SARS are mainly youth and adults in the prime of life, fever always appears as the initiation of illness and some accompanying symptoms would appear. As compared with the western treatment, ICWM treatment could evidently shorten the course of illness, prevent the rebounding of fever and reduce the time of using corticosteroid.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Methylprednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; drug therapy

Background Glial cells perform specialized function in many aspects of the development,homeostasis,and function of neurons.Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)and glia interactions are critically important in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.However,the precise mechanisms of glial activation and ganglion cells damage are still remained unclear. Objective This study was to assess the early responses of glial cells in the retina,optic nerve and optic chiasm in rat models of acute high intraocular pressure (IOP),and to examine the expression of nestin,a neuronal progenitor marker,in the reactive glias. Methods Acute high IOP of 110 mmHg was induced in the right eyes of 6 clean adult female Wistar rats by infusing normal saline solution into the anterior chamber for 60 minutes.Three normal matched Wistar rats were used as controls.The rats were sacrificed by overanaesthesia and sections of retina,optic nerve and optic chiasm were collected on 3 days and 7 days after the injection.Rat retina was examined by Nissl staining to illustrate the gross structure changes.Loss of axons of RGCs in the optic nerve was assessed by immunostaining of β Ⅲ-tubulin.Double labeling of glia] fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nestin was performed in sections of retina,optic nerve and optic chiasm to evaluate the glial responses.The use of the animals complied with Statement of Animal Ethic Committee of Peking University Third Hospital. Results In control rats,GFAP-positive glial cells were observed in the retina,optic nerve and optic chiasm,where only weak positive response for nestin was noticed.Three days after acute IOP elevation,thickness of inner plexus form layer was significantlydecreased in comparison with the control rats.A loss of 46％ RGCs was found in the rats with ocular hypertension.Obvious increase of GFAP expression was displayed in the retina,and processes of GFAP-positive glia cells extended into outer retina accompanied with significant up regulation of nestin.Axons in the optic nerve demonstrated a tendency of degeneration.Nestin expression increased significantly in the GFAP-positive glias in the optic nerve.Cross-sectional area of optic chiasm corresponding to the injured retina decreased relative to its countcrpart.Astrocyte like GFAP and nestin-colabeled glials were observed in this part of optic chiasm.The pathological changes of the retina,optic nerve and optic chiasm in hypertensive eyes aggravated on 7 days. Conclusions Acute ocular hypertension induce early onset of RGCs loss and axon degeneration.Neuronal injury is accompanied with glial reaction.Reactive glial cells express neuronal progenitor markers.The structural changes of the optic nerve and optic chiasm occur simultaneously with the high IOP.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of co-exposure of LPS and heat on TNF-alpha expression in rat kidneys.

METHODSMale pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomly assigned in saline-injected normothermic control (C group), saline-injected heat exposure (H group), LPS-injected normothermic control (L group), and LPS-injected heat exposure (HL group). The rats in H and HL groups were exposed in a chamber at an ambient dry bulb temperature (Tdb) of 35.0-/+0.5 degrees, and those in C and L groups were exposed to a Tdb of 26-/+0.5 degrees. The rats in L and HL groups were given an intravenous injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) via the tail vein to induce endotoxemia, and equivalent normal saline was injected in C and H groups. TNF-alpha expression in the kidney was detected by immunohistochemical SABC method, and the renal damage was evaluated histologically at 120 min after the treatment.

RESULTSCo-exposure of the rats with LPS and heat caused significantly enhanced TNF-alpha expression and histopathological damage in the kidneys.

CONCLUSIONLPS combined with heat exposure causes renal toxicity, while is closely associated with the expression of TNF-alpha in the kidneys.

Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hot Temperature ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukins ; metabolism ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stress, Physiological ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To explore the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) in diffuse thyroid disease.Methods The elastic modulus were detected by SWE in 41cases of diffuse thyroid disease [including 16 cases of Graves' disease (GD),16 cases of Hashimoto' s thyroiditis (HT) and 9 cases of subacute thyroiditis(SAT)] and 30 cases of healthy volunteers.The elastic modulus,including Emean,Emin and Emax,were measured and compared.Results Compared with the normal group[Emean(15.7-± 2.5)kPa,Emin(11.6 ± 2.4)kPa and Emax (20.2 ± 3.0)kPa],the Emean[(20.4 ± 4.7)kPa],Emin[(14.4-± 3.8)kPa] and Emax [(27.8 ± 7.3)kPa] of GD,the Emean [(18.4-± 5.0)kPa] and Emax [(25.2 ± 5.8)kPa] of HT,and the Emean[(11.0 ± 2.9)kPa] and Emin [(6.0 ± 2.7)kPa] of the SAT were different significantly(P =0.001,0.007,0.001 ; P =0.045,0.001 ; P =0.000,0.000).There were significant differences between the SAT and the other two groups,namely GD and HT (P ＜0.05).Such differences,however,were not found between GD and HT (P ＞0.05).Conclusions SWE can be used to measure the elastic modulus of the thyroid tissue quantitatively and objectively,serving as a useful technique to predict the diffuse thyroid disease.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the shear-wave elasticity (SWE) imaging technology on the quantitative diagnosis of chronic nephrosis stage.Methods Sixty patients with nephrosis (nephrosis group) were evaluated with SWE and the renal function test.The Young's modulus value and the renal function were measured,and the results were compared with those of twenty healthy subjects (control group).Results Twenty cases of healthy control group were definited as R0.Sixty patients of nephrosis group were divided into four groups according to renal function:R1-R4.The Young's modulus of the nephrosis group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜0.01).There were also statistically significant differences among each stage of the nephrosis group (except R1 and R2 of nephrosis group)(P ＜ 0.01).According the ROC curve,the cut-off value of the Young's modulus was 5.53 kPa when maximum area under the curve equal to 0.886,the sensitivity and specificity were 81.70％ and 80.40％.The Young's modulus value and renal function were positively correlated with the stage of nephrosis.The areas under the ROC curves for the Young's modulus,urea nitrogen and csytatin C were 0.965,0.950,0.965 for ≥R3,0.978,0.912,0.961 for =R4,respectively.Conclusions SWE imaging technology provided a new quantitative index for the stage of nephrosis through quantizing the elasticity of the tissue.