Autophagy and apoptosis are two kinds of important ways of neuronal death in cerebral ischemia.The interaction of both in ischemic penumbra may alleviate or aggravate cerebral ischemic injury.This article reviews the role of autophagy and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia and their potential regulating mechanisms of interaction.

To discuss the ultrasonic testing intelligent infusion pump tubing bubble method. When the ultrasonic wave goes through the interface of two different media, the reflection occurs, refraction, transmission and other physical phenomena can occur because of a large extent acoustic impedance difference between water and air, which can be used in this physical phenomenon, by monitoring the ultrasonic energy (output voltage) can be obtained if the extent of the presence of bubbles and bubble exists within the infusion tube. By measuring the penetration of ultrasonic energy, we detected air bubbles within the infusion line. Ultrasound can accurately detect air bubbles in the infusion line, which is the main method of detecting air bubbles for infusion pump.

?Dry eye ( DE) is a multifactorial disease of tear film and ocular surface. Inflammation in the ocular surface plays a main role in the pathogenesis of DE. Accordingly, inflammation and therapies that inhibit immune response may become topic for DE in recent years. Unfortunately, there are few studies about signaling pathway that has changed in ocular surface of DE. It is novel and there are few researches on how inflammation active signaling pathway and how it was regulated by signaling pathway on DE. This paper presents a review about inflammation active signaling pathway and its regulation on signaling pathway of DE.

Humans ; Mining ; Noise, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Occupational Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Work Schedule Tolerance

AIM: To provide application and identification basis for methanol-extratis of Fructus aurantii by constructing the HPLC-FP. METHODS: The C_(18) column was used with a mobile phase of(A)(0.095%) phosphoric acid acetonitrile-(B)(0.095%) phosphoric acid gradient elution.The flow rate was(1.0) mL/min.The wavelength of detecter was set at 330 nm.Naringin was reference standard. RESULTS: By cluster analysis,the eighteen kinds of Fructus aurantii samples were classified as four clusters: the superior in producing area,the ordinary in producing area,the ordinary and the inferior.By similarity calculation,the similarity of the superior in producing area and the ordinary in producing area were(0.9)～(1.0),and the ordinary and the inferior were less than(0.9). CONCLUSION: The HPLC-FP of Fructus aurantii has been established.The method can be used to identify and evaluate the quality of Fructus aurantii.

AIM: To provide a HPLC fingerprint of Fructus aurantii micropowder in order to create a basis for(identification.) METHODS: With the help of computer similarity evaluation,Seventeen kinds of Fructus aruantii sample were pulverized and micronized separately,then were extracted by methanol and compared correlation between both extracts. RESULTS: In methanol extraction,contents of aurantiamarin,hesperidin and neohesperidin in micropowder were more than that in pulverized powders,correlation of both HPLC fingerprint was 0.9~1.0. CONCLUSION: The method established can be used for identifying and evaluating crud drug of Fructus aurantii,and further prove that micronization is beneficial to increasing flavonoid dissolution.

Objective To evaluate the role of lutein in preventing and slowing down age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Literatures concerning lutein and AMD were collected by computerized search, manual search, expert consultations. The quality of included studies was evaluated. RevMan software 4.2was used for meta-analysis. Results Totally 9 studies were included, with a total OR of 0. 81 (range: 0. 71-0.92). Conclusion Lutein can, to some extent, prevent or slow down AMD.

OBJECTIVEThe changes of pain threshold and expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn of rats were observed after targetedly damaged the cerebraspinal fluid-contacting nucleus (CSF-contacting nucleus) to provide experimental evidence for the mechanism of regulating pain CSF-contacting nucleus involved in.

METHODSMale adult SD rats were divided into control, sham, choleratoxin subunit B conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase (CB-HRP)and damage groups randomly. The pain threshold using mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were recorded and analyzed. Immunofluorescence method was used to observe the expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn.

RESULTSCompared with the control, sham and CB-HRP groups, the MWT and TWL of the damage group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence showed that 5-HT was detected in neurons of CSF-contacting nucleus. In the damage group, the number of neurons of CSF-contacting nucleus reduced gradually, and no survived neurons were observed at the 10th day. Meanwhile, both the expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn increased gradually, and negatively correlated with the change of pain threshold.

CONCLUSIONThe method of targeted damaging CSF-contacting nucleus by cholera toxin subnit B conjugated with saporin(CB-SAP) is scientific and reliable, and it results in the changes of pain threshold and expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn of rats. This study suggests that CSF-contacting nucleus participate in the regulation of pain, moreover, 5-HT and c-Fos play important roles in this regulation.

Animals ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Male ; Pain ; metabolism ; surgery ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ; metabolism

Objective To study the correlation of genotype and phenotype in patients of tuberous sclerosis complex-associated renal angiomyolipomas (TSC-RAML).Methods The clinical and gene mutation data from 39 patients with TSC-RAML diagnosed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were collected from January 2014 to December 2015.The clinical phenotype and genotype correlation associated with TSC-RAML was analyzed.A total of 39 patients (15 male,24 female) were enrolled,with mean age of 28.4 years (range,13 ～48).Results Five cases showed TSC1 gene mutation,thirty-two patients presented with TSC2 gene mutation and two cases didn't find any mutations.The mutations ratio of TSC1:TSC2 was 1∶6.4.Comparing to those with TSC1 gene mutation and no mutation identified,patients with TSC2 gene mutation had significantly higher frequency with hypomelanotic macules and dental enamel pits.The maximum diameter and clinical stage of patients with TSC2 gene mutation was significantly larger than patients with non-TSC2 gene mutations,along with higher frequency of AML bleeding risk and accepted invasive treatment.Conclusions The patients with TSC2 gene mutations presented higher frequency with hypomelanotic macules and dental enamel pits than those with non-TSC2 gene mutations.Comparing to those with TSC1 gene mutation and no mutation identified,the frequency of AML bleeding risk and loss of renal function was higher in patients with TSC2 gene mutations.Therefore,more active surveillance and treatment should be given to the patients of TSC-RAML with TSC2 gene mutations.

Objective To evaluate the value of targeted second-generation sequencing (NGS) in the genetic diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) associated with renal complications.Methods The clinical data of 43 patients (with 33 patients of definite diagnosis and 10 patients of possible diagnosis)with tuberous sclerosis complex associated with renal complications were analyzed.There were 26 females and 17 males with a mean age of 28 (10 ～ 48) years ranging from 10 to 48 years old.All patients had renal complications,including 39 renal angiomyolipomas,3 renal cysts and 1 renal cell carcinoma.Written informed consents were signed,and 5ml peripheral blood was drawn for DNA extraction.Mutations of TSC1 and TSC2 genes were detected by the NGS technology,and then confirmed by Sanger sequencing.Results TSC1 or TSC2 pathogenetic mutants were identified in 39 patients (90.7％),which were consistent with clinical phenotypes and two non-significant mutations were identified in two individuals,while no mutation was detected in the other two cases.Fourteen novel mutations were reported for the first time,including 8 frameshift mutation,3 deletion mutation,2 nonsense mutation and 1 splicing mutation.Conclusion NGS is an accurate and less time-consuming technology in detecting TSC1 or TSC2 gene mutation,which has great value in genetic diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex associated with renal complications.