Objective To investigate and analyze structure of risk perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing services and related factors.Method Two hundred and sixty eight VCT users were selected from 2 CDCs and 2 hospitals in Beijing and their perceived risks in the process of VCT were assessed by using self-administered question- naires.Factor analysis was performed to understand the relationship between different perceived risks,and risks perceived by different users were evaluated.Results Six factors were obtained from the factor analysis which included:fear of priva- cy disclosure,embarrassment,concern over the reliability of HIV tests,cost & time consumption,the tragic outcomes of HIV positive tests,and potential medical expenditures in the future.And the risks perceived by low and high income users were much higher than those perceived by middle income users.Conclusion There are clear structure of risks perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing,and people with different incomes have different levels of perceived risks.

Animals ; Caspase 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Flurothyl ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Interleukin-18 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seizures ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation

AIM: To explore the surgical methods and clinical effects on young patients with congenital lower eyelid entropion.
METHODS: There were 27 patients ( 45 cases ) who suffered congenital lower eyelid entropion accepted the modified blepharosphincterectomy. The clinical effects and complications were evaluated.
RESULTS: After followed up for 6mo, 42 eyes were fully recovered, 3 eyes were unsuccessful and the cure rate was 93%, 5 eyes suffered minor lower eyelid skin folds, none had lower eyelid retraction and ectropion.CONCLUSION: Modified blepharosphincterectomy is an ideal cosmetic surgical treatment for young patients with congenital lower eyelid entropion. It is an effective surgical treatment with fewer complications.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of the multi-center breast DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ), in order to improve the rate of early diagnosis. Methods Clinical data of 23 multi-center breast DCIS patients admitted and operated on from September 2003 to February 2009 at our department were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 4 cases associated with nipple discharge,and 18 cases with preoperative negative physical examination (78%). In the preoperative examination within 6 months, the positive rate of mammography was 90% mainly characterized by the existence of diffuse and multiple small calcifications. The positive rate of MRI was 25%, B ultrasound had no positive findings. The patients that were confirmed multi-center breast DCIS by intraoperative frozen section examination received mastectomy and ipsilateral axillary L1, L2 lymph node dissection. Conclusion The diffuse and multiple small calcification is one of early clinical characteristics of multi-center breast DCIS. Although the disease has a wide range of lesion, it still is an early tumor, and has a favourite prognosis after comprehensive treatment.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of the myocaidial ischemic postconditioning on ischemic-reperfused myocardium of rat and its signaling mechanism.Methods Healthy SD rats weighing 250 to 300 g were divided into blank control(N) group,ischemiareperfusion(IR) group and postconditioning(Post) group.We measured heart coronary perfusion flow and myocardial infarct size of the rats in each group.The expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B(P-Akt) was detected by Western blot.The morphological changes of myocardial fibers and mitochondrial were observed under the transmission electron microscopy.Results More coronary flow and less myocardial infarction were found in Post group than those in IR group.The expression level of P-Akt was higher in Post group.The integrity of myocardial fibers and mitochondrial was better in Post group than IR group.Conclusion Postconditioning had a protective effect for the ischemic isolated rat heart.Akt activation might play an important role in its mechinism.

Objective To investigate the variation of fentanyl concentration and the gene expression and activity of rat intestinal cytochrome P450 3A1 in anhepatic phase. Methods The experiment was comprised of 2 steps. Step 1: The rats were randomly divided into experimental group (group A2, underwent occlusion of the hepatic portal) and control group (group A1), with 10 rats in each group. Fentanyl blood concentration was analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Step 2: The rats were randomly divided into group B1 (control), group B2 and group B3 (the rats underwent devascularization of the hepatic portal for 30 or 60 min). The levels of CYP3A1 in rat small intestine were assessed with RT-PCR and the enzymic activity of CYP3A1 was detected by fluorometry. Results Fentanyl concentration in anhepatic phase dropped more slowly in group A2 than group A1 (P

Objective To study the effects of chickpea protein hydrolysate(CPH) in different doses on of antioxidant abilities in serum,liver and heart in aged mice induced by D-galactose .Method The subacute aged model mice were made by neck back subcutaneous injection of D-galactose continually.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) in the serum,liver and heart of the mice were tested.Results The SOD and GSH-Px activities in aged model group were significantly decreased and MDA significantly increased compared with normal mice;CPH in different doses evidently increased the SOD and GSH-Px activities and reduced the MDA level in serum,liver and heart in mice.Conclusion CPH can obviously increase the antioxidant ability of mice and has certain anti-aging effects,especially the high dose .

Objective To investigate the combination of compound anisodine and physical therapy in the treatment of amblyopia,and its possible mechanism.Methods Totally 300 outpatients with amblyopia(3 to 14 years old) were randomly and equally divided into treatment group and control group.In the treatment group,subcutaneous injection of compound anisodine(2 ml,once per day) to the superficial temporal artery of eye was given for a course of 14 d and followed by another course after 5 days'interval.Cover treatment was carried out at the same time.The control group was only treated with physical therapy.Vision,central retinal artery peak systolic velocity(PSV) and diastolic resistance index(RI) were measured during the 3 months' follow-up.Results The 3 to 6-year-old efficiency was 75.0%,7 to 9-year-old efficiency was 69.6%,and 10 to 14-year-old efficiency was 61.1% ;The difference of efficiency between therapy group and control group was very significant(P0.05).Conclusion Compound anisodine plus physical therapy for amblyopia at different ages and varying degrees are effective and safe.The mechanism may be due to enhanced retinal blood supply.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of differentiating human umbilical cord blood stem cells into hepatocytes. Methods Thirty-six BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group(18 in each of the group), and experimental group was again randomly divided into group A, B and C (six in each of the group). The mice in experimental group and control group were exposed to 350 cGy radiation produced by 60Co. After 3 h, karyocytes at different concentrations in the fresh human umbilical cord blood were injected into the mice in experimental group A, B, C via their tail veins, and the equal volume of normal sodium (NS) was also injected into control group via tail veins. After one month, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was injected into experimental group A, B and control group via abdominal cavity, and the equal volume of normal sodium was injected into experimental group C. After two months, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expressions of human cytokeratin-18 (CK18), cytokeratin-19 (CK19) and albumin (ALB) in liver tissues of all mice. Results The expressions of CK18, CK19 and ALB in injured liver tissues were all positive, and the expressions of experimental group B were higher than those of experimental group A (P

Objective To explore the effect of surgical treatment of metastatic hepatic cancer. Methods Two hundred and eight patients with metastatic hepatic cancer received surgical treatment in our department during the past seven years, and their information were analyzed retrospectively in this paper. The ages of these patients ranged from 19 years to 82 years, and 133 of them were male, 75 of them were female. Two of them were complicated with hepatocirrhosis, and 5 with polycystic liver. The metastatic cancer originated from gastrointestinal tract in 121 cases (58.2%), and from other parts of the body in 87 cases (41.8%). One hundred and sixteen of the patients received resection treatment (resection group), and 92 of them received non-resecton treatment (non-resection group). The survival rates of the two groups were compared through Chi square test.Results The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates for all patients were 56.3%,23.1% and 13.0%, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 74.1 %,39.7% and 23.3% in the resection group respectively and 33.7%, 2.2% and 0 in the non-resection group, respectively. Resection group had a higher survival rate than that of the non-resection group ( P