Objective To investigate and analyze structure of risk perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing services and related factors.Method Two hundred and sixty eight VCT users were selected from 2 CDCs and 2 hospitals in Beijing and their perceived risks in the process of VCT were assessed by using self-administered question- naires.Factor analysis was performed to understand the relationship between different perceived risks,and risks perceived by different users were evaluated.Results Six factors were obtained from the factor analysis which included:fear of priva- cy disclosure,embarrassment,concern over the reliability of HIV tests,cost & time consumption,the tragic outcomes of HIV positive tests,and potential medical expenditures in the future.And the risks perceived by low and high income users were much higher than those perceived by middle income users.Conclusion There are clear structure of risks perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing,and people with different incomes have different levels of perceived risks.

Animals ; Caspase 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Flurothyl ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Interleukin-18 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seizures ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation

AIM: To explore the surgical methods and clinical effects on young patients with congenital lower eyelid entropion.
METHODS: There were 27 patients ( 45 cases ) who suffered congenital lower eyelid entropion accepted the modified blepharosphincterectomy. The clinical effects and complications were evaluated.
RESULTS: After followed up for 6mo, 42 eyes were fully recovered, 3 eyes were unsuccessful and the cure rate was 93%, 5 eyes suffered minor lower eyelid skin folds, none had lower eyelid retraction and ectropion.CONCLUSION: Modified blepharosphincterectomy is an ideal cosmetic surgical treatment for young patients with congenital lower eyelid entropion. It is an effective surgical treatment with fewer complications.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of the multi-center breast DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ), in order to improve the rate of early diagnosis. Methods Clinical data of 23 multi-center breast DCIS patients admitted and operated on from September 2003 to February 2009 at our department were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 4 cases associated with nipple discharge,and 18 cases with preoperative negative physical examination (78%). In the preoperative examination within 6 months, the positive rate of mammography was 90% mainly characterized by the existence of diffuse and multiple small calcifications. The positive rate of MRI was 25%, B ultrasound had no positive findings. The patients that were confirmed multi-center breast DCIS by intraoperative frozen section examination received mastectomy and ipsilateral axillary L1, L2 lymph node dissection. Conclusion The diffuse and multiple small calcification is one of early clinical characteristics of multi-center breast DCIS. Although the disease has a wide range of lesion, it still is an early tumor, and has a favourite prognosis after comprehensive treatment.

Objective This study describes the protective effect of myocardial isehemic post- conditioning on ischemic-reperfused myocardium (I/ R) of diabetic rat and its Signaling mechanism. Methods Healthy SD rats weighing 25O-30Og were divided into 6 groups; (1) Blank control; (2) Ischemia-reperfusion; (3) Post conditioning; (4) Diabetic postconditioning ; (5) Diabetic ischemia-reperfusion; ( 6) Diabetic blank control group. Ten rats in each group were randomly selected. Introduction of diabetic rat model: 65 mg/kg STZ was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity, until 2 consecutive blood glucose measurements≥ 16.65 mmol/L were reached after48h. The diabetic model was successful when rats had following symptoms, such as more drinking, more eating, polyuria, weight loss and epilation. Langendorff isolated rat heart perfusion was used for the experiment. Following parameters were measured and compared: Coronary perfusion flow, myocardial infarct size, western blot for measurement of P-Akt, changes in myocardium and mitochondrian observed by Electron microscopy. Results Blood glucose concentration in diabetic group was (23. 15±2. 16) mmol/L and (4. 16±0. 31) mmol/L in non-diabetic group. There was a significant difference (P <0. 01) between the two groups. There were more coronary flow in post-conditioning groups (Post group and Dpost group) than ischemia-reperfusion groups (IR group and DIR group) (6.5±1.2、5.6±1.0 vs. 3.4±1.0、2.0±1.3). The myocardial infarction size was smaller in post-conditioning groups than in ischemia-reperfusion groups (25.2±2.1、34.2±3.6 vs. 47.5±3.5 、65.2±4.5). There was more expression of P-Akt and the myocardial fibers and mitochondrian in post-conditioning groups were better preserved. Conclusion Postconditioning has protective effects in diabetic rat hearts. The mechanism may be associated with Akt activation.

Objective To investigate the effect of ropivacaine combined with dexanmethasone sprayed intratracheally in patients with resistant tubes and postoperative sore throat.Methods Eighty patients ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into four groups by random digits tabel method,20 patients in each.2 ml of 0.75％ ropivacaine combined with 1 ml dexamethasone (group A) ; 2 ml of 0.75％ ropivacaine combined with 1 ml 0.9％ sodium (group B) ; 3 ml of 1％ tetracaine (group C); 3 ml of 0.9％ sodium (group D) were immediately intratracheal sprayed before intubation.The resistant tubes and degree of postoperative 24 h sore throat [by visual analog scale (VAS) scores],comfort [by Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS) scores] and the incidence of sore throat were recorded.Results The resistant tubes appraised rate in group A,B and C was higher than that in group D [65.0％ (13/20),60.0％ (12/20),70.0％ (14/20) vs.5.0％ (1/20)] (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference among group A,B and C (P＞ 0.05).The incidence of sore throat at 24 h after surgery in group A,B and C was lower than that in group D [20.0％(4/20),25.0％ (5/20),25.0％ (5/20) vs.90.0％ (18/20)] (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference among group A,B and C (P＞ 0.05).The VAS and BCS scores in group A were better than those in group B,C and D [(0.52 ± 1.14) scores vs.(1.68 ± 1.42),(1.59 ± 1.33),(4.22 ± 1.95) scores,(2.80 ± 1.54) scores vs.(1.60 ± 1.19),(1.80 ± 1.20) and (0.45 ± 0.81) scores] (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences between group B and group C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Ropivacaine combined with dexamethasone sprayedintratracheally can significantly increase the degree of postoperative resistant tubes,decrease the rate of sore throat after general anesthesia,and increase patient' s comfort.

The radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma is one of the bases for making dividualized treatment program.Predition of radiosensitivity before radiotherapy has become a hot spot of the current study.It has been demonstrated that radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma is correlated to p53 portein,bcl-2portein,human epidermal growth factor receptors (hEGFR),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),hypoxia-inducible-factor-1 (HIF-1),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and so on.Detection of these markers may be helpful for predicting the radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinonla and making optimal treatment program.In addition,radiosensitivity of tumor can be predicted according to radiation-induced esophagitis grade and endiscopic uhrasonography(EUS).

Thermostable L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) is the most potential enzyme for the biological production of D-tagatose from D-galactose, a novel functional factor. Gene araA encoding the L-arabinose isomerase from Bacillus stearothermophilis IAM 11001 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The araA gene of 1491 bp has 95% identity with L-AI from Thermus sp. IM6501. The GenBank accession number for the nucleotide sequence of this araA gene determined in this work is EU394214.The bacterium was induced by IPTG and analyzed by SDS-PAGE, approximately 59 kDa exogenous protein was observed on the SDS-PAGE. The recombinant L-AI was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity with affinity chromatography, and the activity of recombinant L-AI was also studied. The bioconversion rate of D-galactose to D-tagatose reached 39.4% after 24h whole cell reaction.

L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) can isomerize L-arabinose and D-galactose into L-ribulose and D-tagatose, respectively, which is currently the most effective biological catalyst for D-tagatose production. The crystal structure of L-AI has been solved recently and its gene has been cloned, sequenced and overex- pressed. L-AI improved by protein engineering will be the dominant enzyme for industrial production of D-tagatose. This paper reviewed researches on protein structure and function, properties and application in D-tagatose production of L-AI, and the long-term potential development of L-AI was prospected.

A yeast strain KM12 , which can convert conjugated anthraquinone of rhub arb to free anthraquinone , was screened. And it is identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus by 26S rDNA. The percentage of free an-thraquinone in total anthraquinone of rhub arb as an indicator was used to investigate the effect of culture medium component and fermentation processing conditions, such as seed age, fermentation time and liquid volume on con-version of conjugated anthraquinone by KM12. The optimal fermentation medium was determined by orthogonal test L9(43) and the composition (%) is yeast extract 1, glucose 2, and rhubarb 2. The 5% (V/V) of the seed culture inoculated 36-48 h was inoculumed to fermentation medium in shake flask to ferment at 30℃, 200 r?min-1 for 4 days. TLC analysis showed most of conjugated anthraquinone decomposed or converted into free anthraquinone in fermented rhub arb . It was concluded that the side effect of severe diarrhea caused by Chinese medicine rhub arb can be alleviated through fermentation processing by KM12 strain .