Objective To study the diagnostic value of endoscopy assisted by laparoscopy in patients with small intestinal bleeding. Methods In case of small intestinal bleeding it is hard to define the accurate etiological factor by routine examination. From 1994 to 2002 there were 14 patients with chronic me-lena or persisted melena complicated with chronic anemia and 2 cases of acute alimentary tract hematorrhea complicated with obvious hypovolemia. Results Endoscopies assisted by laparoscopy were accomplished in all of the 16 cases. Lesions were detected in 5 cases with laparoscopy directly, and in 11 cases the pathological changes were discovered by endoscopies assisted with laparoscopy . The pathologic results were leiomyo-sarcoma 1 cases, leiomyoma 4 cases, adenoma of small intestine , hemangioma , vascular malformation and capillary telangiectasia 2 cases each, and Meckels diverticulitis with hemorrhage 3 cases. Conclusion The diagnostic value of endoscopy assisted with laparoscopy is superior to the routine examination in detecting the small intestinal bleeding. This technique has the advantage of simple, less-traumatic and high sensitivity. It is worthy to popularize in clinical practice.

Objective To study the effect of Jianweiyuyang(JWYY) granule on gastric ulcer of rats and its effective mechanism. Methods The rat model of gastric ulcer was set up by Okeba's method with some modification, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelets-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the gastric ulcer tissues was examined by immunohistochemical method. Results JWYY granule could elevate the expression of both VEGF and PDGF, obviously decrease the ulcer index, increase the thickness of gastric mucosa, and promote the healing of gastric ulcer. Conclusion The results indicated that Jianweiyuyang granule can increase the expression of VEGF and PDGF, which may be one of the mechanism of its promoting the healing of the gastric ulcer.

Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key post-translational mechanism that regulates cellular processes and maintains homeostasis.Aberrant changes in tyrosine phosphorylation are often associated with disease states such as metabolicdisorders,cancer and cardiovascular disease.Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are the enzyme family that regulates protein phosphorylation level of tyrosine residues in the cellular processes and signaling ways.So far,scientists have discovered 112 kinds of human PTPs.Among them,PTP1B is widely and clearly studied.Recently,as an enzyme that play a role in oncogenesis,PTP1B has been wildey studied by scientists.Here,we highlight the relationship between protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and hematologic neoplasms.

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) is a class of estrogen-like non-steroid compounds that are able to bind to steroid hormone receptors .They can act as estrogen receptor agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue and hormonal environment .Additionally , SERMs play an antioxidant role by scavenging oxygen free redicals , inhibiting lipid peroxidation , adjusting the level of NO and NOS , inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition , improving the metabolism of free fatty acids in the mitochon-drial and regulating non-genomic transcription pathway .

PPP2R5C is one of the members of regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which plays a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation, based on its induction of dephosphorylation of P53 at various residues. Recently, it was characterized that the alteration of expression pattern of PPP2R5C is associated with cell malignant transformation, thus PPP2R5C was thought as a marker for progressive disease in B-CLL. In this article the gene structure and biological function of PPP2R5C as well as relation of PPP2R5C with genesis and development of cancer were discussed.
Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Phosphatase 2 ; genetics ; Protein Subunits

Objective: To investigate the cause and preventive measures of positive stump in gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods: Nine hundred forty-six patients performed with gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma had been collected from January 1998 to May 2009, the ratio of positive stump was analyzed retrospectively. Results: The rate of positive stump of gastrectomy was 6.24%(59/946). Statistical difference was found between the rate of radical and palliative gastrectomy(P0.05). Conclusion: The rate of positive stump was higher in palliative gastrectomy, Borrmann Ⅲ～IV type, low differentiated cancer and those cases with metastatic lymph nodes more than seven. To prevent the occurrence of positive stump in gastrectomy for gastric cancer, gastroscopy and barium meal should be carried out, enough length between incisal margin and tumor edge should be kept and frozen biopsy should be done.

Objective To observe the changes of S-opsin expression in guinea pigs with flickering light-induced and form-deprived myopia,and to investigate the causes.Methods Thirty-six two-week-old healthy guinea pigs were randomly assigned to three groups:Flickering light-induced myopia group(FLM group,n=13),form-deprived myopia group(FDM group,n=12) and control group(n=11).For the FLM group,the cages were equipped with astroboscope(0.5 Hz),and LEDs were used as the light source.The right eyes of the guinea pigs in FDM group wore translucent goggles which did not interfere with the normal activity of their eyelids.No special treatment was given to the guinea pigs in the normal groups.All measurements were performed prior to and then after 6 weeks of treatment.The first measurement day was recorded as 0 week.Biological parameters,such as the refraction,axial length(AL) and corneal radius of curvature(CRC),were measured and fundus photography is performed before and after 6 weeks of the treatment.The expression of S-opsin was observed and analyzed by immunofluorescence technique and image analysis system.Results Before the treatment,no significant difference was found in three biometric measurements including refraction,AL and CRC between the groups at 0 week(P>0.05).After the treatment for 6 weeks,significant differences were found in changes of both the biometric measurements between the FLM and control groups,and between the FDM and control groups(P<0.05).However,no significant differences were found in the changes of CRC among the FLM,FDM and control groups(P=0.358),indicating that myopia models were established successfully.No significant differences were found in the changes of values of refraction,AL and CRC between the FLM and FDM groups(P>0.05).Expression of S-opsin differed in the FLM and FDM groups.For the mean gray values of green channel,compared with the control group respectively,significant differences were found in both the FLM and FDM group(P<0.001).The mean gray value of green channel of the FLM group was higher,however the mean gray value of green channel of the FDM group was lower.Conclusions Both guinea pig models of flickering light-induced and form-deprived myopia can be established successfully.S-opsin is increased in the flickering light-induced myopia model and decreased in the form-deprived myopia model,indicating that the mechanisms of formation of these two experimental myopia models may be different.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of highly selective M4 receptor antagonist MT3 on the form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs and its potential mechanism. Methods Thirty?two healthy male guinea pigs were ran?domly divided into three groups:control group, form deprivation group, and form deprivation + MT3 group, 8 animals in each group. Refraction was measured by retinoscopy after cycloplegia before and after the experiment. The ocular biological dimensions were measured by A?scan ultrasound. RT?PCR was used to detect the relative expression of TGF?β2 mRNA in the retina and choroid. Results Compared with the right eyes of control group, the right eyes of form deprivation + MT3 group developed relative myopia of -1?44 ± 0?50 D (right?left eye) (P =0?001). The vitreous chamber depth and axial length of the right eyes were significantly prolonged by 0?10 ± 0?02 mm and 0?14 ± 0?07 mm (P<0?001, P<0?001), respectively, but the increases of myopia and axial length were significantly smaller than that of the form deprivation group (P<0?001, P<0?001, P<0?001). Down?regulation of relative mRNA expression of TGF?β2 in retina and choroid was found in the form deprivation group (P<0?001, P =0?014) compared with the right eyes of the control group, while up?regulation of relative mRNA expression of TGF?β2 in retina and choroid was found in the form deprivation + MT3 group ( P<0?001, P<0?001). Conclusions MT3 can inhibit the development of form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs, which may play an important role by the regulation of TGF?β2 mRNA level in the retina and choroid.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of symptomatic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and evaluate the effect of lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid on vasospasm.Methods In this retrospective controlled-cohort study, 175 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage met our study criteria between January 2012 and December 2013.By multi-factor regression analysis, gender, age, Hunt-Hess grade, modified Fisher grade and lumbar drainage were analyzed.The outcomes were assessed by the presence or absence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm and vasospasm-related infarction, and the mean days of hospital stay and score of Glasgow Outcome Scale at 1-month follow-up.Results Several factors affected the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Lumbar drainage was a protective factor of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (OR =0.243, 95％ CI: 0.119-0.497) and vasospasm-related infarction (OR =0.305, 95％ CI: 0.154-0.604).The patients with lumbar drainage had higher score of Glasgow Outcome Scale (P ＜ 0.05).But the patients with lumbar drainage had longer hospital stay (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage markedly reduced the risk of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm and improved outcome.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of resection of frontal ethmoid sinus osteomas with nasal endosco-py. Method: Eighteen cases of frontal ethmoid sinus osteoma from 2005 to 2008 were enrolled in our study, including 8 cases of frontal sinus osteomas, 6 cases of ethmoid osteomas and 4 cases of frontal sinus osteomas extending to ethmoid sinus. Seventeen cases were treated by an endoscopic approach alone, and one case treated by a combined endoscopic and an external approach. Result: All cases were resected completely without complications. The preoperative symptoms disappeared without recurrence within the follow-up periods , ranging from 6 months to 3 years. Conclusion: Most frontal ethmoid sinus osteomas can be resected with nasal endoscopy aided by extra nasal incision in some cases.