Objective To study the clinical features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in order to improve the clinical diagnosis. Methods Clinical data of fifty patients with PBC were retrospectively studied. The clinical features, results of laboratory tests, pathological findings of all the fifty patients were analyzed. Results forty-four patients were female (88%), and the mean age was 44.94?12.33 years at the time when definite diagnosis was made. The most frequent symptoms complained were fatigue (34/50, 68%), anorexia (24/50, 48%) and pruritus (13/50, 26%).The major signs included jaundice (32/50, 64%), splenomegaly (24/50, 48%) and liver palms (14/50, 28%). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and r glutamyl transpeptidase (r-GT) levels were markedly elevated in most patients, and the levels of ALP and GGT declined during the advanced stage. The levels of ALT and AST were elevated slightly. The total level of serum bilirubin was elevated in thirty-two patients (64%). Positive anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)/AMA-M2 were found in forty-one patients (82.0%). Pathological examination was done in 32 patients, it was shown that 28 patients (87.5%) were in early stage and 4 patients (12.5%) in advanced stage. Conclusion PBC occurs mainly in middle- and old aged women. The main clinical manifestations are fatigue, anorexia and pruritus. The elevated level of ALP, r-GT and positive AMA/AMA-M2 may be crucial to diagnosis of PBC.

Objective To observe the change of serum TG in elderly diabetic patients after fatty meal.Methods The diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients of fasting normotriglyceridemia ate the fatty test meal after having been fasting for 12h.Serum lipid were measured at 0,2,4 and 6h after the meal.Results The serum TG level increased in the two groups after the meal,the diabetic patients had a higher TG-AUC than the non-diabetic patients (P

Objective To provide evidence for college students'sex education by analysis they status and gender identity of col-lege students'sex knowledge,attitude and behaviors in Guangdong province.Methods By investigating 928 college students of 12 colleges.Results Sex knowledge:Students'awareness of sexual knowledge is low average accuracy rate of question was 37.34%;sex attitude:for sex is a basic human need,love can be sexual,sexual fantasy dreams,masturbation,premarital sex and behavioral aspects of these ideas,the overall degree of recognition is (67.35%,35.24%,56.90%,52.26%,58.04%),boys and girls were sig-nificant differences in acceptance levels(χ2 =7.89,χ2 =48.46,χ2 =189.30,χ2 =32.44,χ2 =27.35,all P <0.01);sex knowledge:students'awareness of sexual knowledge is low;sex behaviors:college Students'heterosexual sex and homosexual sex rates were 8.08% and 1.51%,the incidence of male heterosexual sex is far higher than girls (χ2 = 52.08,P <0.01),there is no significant difference in homosexual acts(χ2 =4.82,P <0.01),condom use rate is low,often use rate was 29.03%,girls was significantly low-er than boys(χ2 = 12.08,P < 0.01 ),they have weak sense of self-protection.Conclusion there are many problems in college students'sex behaviors,attitude and knowledge,and there is need for further strengthening and guidance;we should pay attention to gender differences in education.

Objective In order to find out certain properate training model for nursing students' ability of general health education.Methods Carried out a one to one teaching model which based on the problem-based learning methods in 900 nursing students,and then evaluated the teaching effects by examination and questionnaire investigation.Results The health education capability of nursing students had promoted significantly,the qualification rate was 100%,nursing students'satisfactory rate for the training model was 100%.Conclusions This training model is feasible and effective in promoting the capability of nursing students in health education.

Objective To establish the quality control method for Antenoron filiforme. Methods Antenoron filiforme was identified by TLC,and the content of gallic acid was determined by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions were as follows:Aichrom Reliasil C18 column (4. 6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrle-0. 1% phosphoric acid(4∶96),the flow rate was 1. 0 mL·min-1 ,and the detection wavelength was 270 nm. Results TLC identification for An-tenoron filiforme was highly specific. Gallic acid content had a good linearity in the range of 0. 08-0. 56μg (r=1. 000 0). The av-erage recovery was 101. 12% and RSD was 2. 20% (n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, feasible,and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of Antenoron filiforme.

N-carbamoylase is a part of hydantoinase operon which can transform N-carbamoylamino acid to corresponding ammo acids. The L-N-carbamoylase of Arthrobacter BT801, codied by the HyuC gene, is the rate-limiting and the only stereoselective enzyme. HyuC DNA fragment was amplified by PCR from the plasmid of pUC18-169. The target fragment was introduced into pPIC3. 5K plasmid to construct the pPIC3. 5K-hyuC expressing vector which was then transduced into Pichia pastoris GS115 cells after being linearized by BglⅡ digestion. Multi-copies insertion transformants were screened on G418 plates. The recombinant protein was proved to have biological activity of hydrolyzing N-carbamoylphenylalanine into phenylalanine through enzyme activity determination.

BACKGROUND: The blood oxygen saturation is an important physiological parameter of human hfe; it can be affected by multiple factors due to the imbalance of oxygen supply and consumption, and consequently, the normal physical metabolism is affected. The existing manufacturing techniques are complex and are used with higher demands. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of the novel reflecting oximeter designed on the basis of reflecting principle in monitoring the variance of blood oxygen saturation with the change of its concentration. DESIGN: To introduce the structure, working principle and design of the reflecting oximeter and make comparative study with adult rabbits as the subjects. SETTING: Cardiopolmonary Bypass Department of Cardiovascular disease hospital of the Chinese Academy of MedicalSciences. MATERIALS: The study was performed at the Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiopulmonary Bypass of the Cardiovascular Disease Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from August to October in 2001.Ten adult rabbits were selected. METHODS: The oximeter consists of a converter, a driver, a central processing mould and liquid-crystal monitor. It is characterized by the onethree optical cable connected with reflecting probe, postcentral management system and digital displayer. This oxmeter was developed basing on the basis of fixed relationship between blood oxygen saturation and radiant absorbency (or reflecting). In this study,cardiovascular-pulmonary bypass was established on rabbits that were then exposed to oxygen and NO mixture supply of different concentrations,and then the corresponding blood oxygen saturations were determined with the new oximeter and compared with series-wound Baite saturation meter and blood-gas analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The blood oxygen saturation at different concentrations determined with the reflecting oximeter and Baite saturation meter. RESULTS: At the same oxygen concentration, the blood oxygen saturation determined with the new measure was not significantly different from that determined with Baite blood oxygen saturation meter(P＞0.05 ). CONCLUSION: The variance of blood oxygen saturation with the change of oxygen concentration can be detected by the reflecting oximeter with the result similar to that by Baite blood oxygen saturation meter.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Tiao Ren Tong Du (regulating the Conception Vessel and unblocking the Governor Vessel) needling method plus bloodletting at the Jing-well points in treating post-stroke spastic state. Method Sixty-seven eligible patients were randomized into a group to receive Tiao Ren Tong Du needling plus bloodletting at the Jing-well points (treatment group) and a rehabilitation group (control group). For the two groups, the treatment was given once a day, 6 times as a treatment course, for 4 courses in total. The Modified Ashworth Scale was used to evaluate the spasticity intensity, and the Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) for post-stroke spastic hemiplegia was used to measure the patients from the following four aspects:subjective symptoms, objective symptoms, mental state, and social function. Result After intervention, the scores of spasticity, and physiological, mental, social, and environmental factors were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). Compared to rehabilitation, Tiao Ren Tong Du needling plus bloodletting at Jing-well points can more significantly release the muscular spasticity and reduce the PRO score (P<0.01). The recovery plus markedly-effective rate was 70.6% in the treatment group versus 42.4% in the control group. Conclusion Tiao Ren Tong Du needling plus bloodletting at Jing-well points can effectively improve post-stroke spastic state and the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the impact of renal function and insulin resistance on serum total homocysteine(tHcy) levels in aged diabetic patients with nephropathy. Methods Serum tHcy, blood glucose, lipids, renal function, serum insulin were measured for 98 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and 36 normal control subjects. Results (1) Serum tHcy levels were significantly higher in diabetic group than in control group [(17.2?7.6) ?mol/L vs (9.4?3.5)?mol/L,P

7% (OR=4.640,95%CI=1.064 to 20.239,P=0.041) were the high risk factors for myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Conclusion Poor control of the 4 factors is the high risk factor for myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Overall and effective control of such risk factors can decrease the incidence of myocardial ischemia and improve its treatment.