Hantavirus is the main cause of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). It is an acute infectious diseases characterized by fever, hemorrhage, nephritis or thrombocytopenia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome(HPS). The main clinical manifestations are fever, hemorrhagic lesion, acute respiratory distress and capillary leakeage syndrome. These are four different serotypes of the hantavirus species: Hantan virus(HTNV),Seoul virus(SEOV),Dobrava/Belgrade virus(DOBV),and Puumala virus(PUUV). They are known to cause HFRS, while Sin Nombre virus(SNV) causes HPS. In China, these are two serotypes of hantavirus: HTNV and SEOV found. The severity of infection depends on the viral serotype. To find a safe, rapid and specific serotyping diagnosis of the causative virus is important. The results not only can be beneficial for rodent control, but also for prevention and therapy. The current research of Hantavirus nucleocapsid protein used as serotyping antigen are summarized.

OBJECTIVE:To summarize our experience on the modern management of pharmacy of traditional Chinese medicine in our hospital.METHODS:Our experience on the modern management of pharmacy of traditional Chinese medicine was reviewed and analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Favorable social effects and economic returns could be obtained by establishing sound management system,modifying service mode,reinforcing the drug quality management measures,adopting comprehensive assessment measures,laying stress on humane service and increase brand consciousness.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer, and provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 87 patients of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer and 105 patients of Hashimoto thyroiditis were retrospectively analyzed. Results The rates of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer in age <30, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and≥60 years were 1/3, 47.5%(29/61), 51.4%(38/74), 36.0%(18/50) and 1/4. The rates of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer in patients of age 30-39 years and 40-49 years were higher than that in patients of age ≥60 years, but there were no statistical differences (χ2=0.327 and 0.418, P>0.05). There were statistical differences in total thyroxine (TT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels between Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer and Hashimoto thyroiditis, there were statistical differences (P<0.05 or <0.01). Multiariable Logistic regression analysis result showed that the decreased serum level of TT4 and the increased levels of TSH, TgAb and TPOAb were the correlated factors of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer (P<0.05 or <0.01). Conclusions Low level of TT4 and high levels of TSH, TgAb and TPOAb may increase the risk of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer. The 30-49 years male patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis should be highly suspected of the possibility of merger thyroid cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain(ADAM8)gene on colon cancer HCT8 cell proliferation and proliferation signal transduction pathways PI3K-Akt-mTOR. Methods Colon cancer HCT8 cells were cultured in vitro,and transfected with ADAM8 overexpression plasmid and RNA interfering plasmid. Cell proliferation were detected by EdU and MTS method assays. PI3K activity was measured by PI3K activity detection kit,Western Blot method was performed to detect the ratio of Akt and p-Akt and expression of mTOR. Results Compared with control group(1.00 ±0.12),the cell proliferation in ADAM8 overexpression group(1.22 ±0.13)was significantly higher (P<0.05)and in RNA interfering group(0.78 ±0.11)was significantly lower while PI3K activity had no significant changes in three groups. After ADAM8 overexpression,and the ratio of p-Akt/Akt and mTOR expression were increased significantly,while reduced significantly after RNA interferered. Conclusion ADAM8 can promote HCT8 cell proliferation through enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt and promoting the expression of mTOR.

Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin on the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or Glucose in U937 macrophages, and explore the role of NF-κB in modulating of LOX-1 expression. Methods U937 macrophages were treated with PMA to induce differentiation, which were co-cultured with 50 mg/L ox-LDL or/and 25 mmol/L glucose. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and simvastatin (1 μmol/L or 10 μmol/L) were used to treat cells. The expression of LOX-1 protein and NF-κB ac- tivity were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. The expression of LOX-1 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Results The expression of LOX-1 was up regulated by ox-LDL, glucose and combination of both. The inhibitor of NF-κB PDTC suppressed this up-regulation. Simvastatin suppressed the expression of LOX-1 induced by ox-LDL, and showed a significant effect in the higher concentration. There was no significant effect of simvastatin on the expression of LOX-1 induced by glucose. The variation of NF-κB activity was similar to that of LOX-1 expression. Conclusion Simvas- tatin suppressed the expression of LOX-1 induced by ox-LDL, while no significant effect on the expression of LOX-1 in- duced by glucose. The expression and regulation of LOX-1 were related with NF-κB pathway.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of BCAR1 protein in endometrial carcinoma.Methods The level of BCAR1 was measured by immunohistochemistry in 50 endometrial carcinoma samples and 30 normal proliferative endometrium samples.Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression was investigated in endometrial carcinoma samples.Results The level of BCAR1 was higher in endometrial carcinoma than that in normal proliferative endometrium (64.0％ (32/50) vs.40.0％ (12/30) ;x2 =4.364,P =0.037).In endometrial cancer,increased BCAR1 expression was significantly correlated with relatively higher age,poor differentiation,positive expression of ER (x2 =6.272,r =0.354 ; x2 =5.640,r =0.366 and x2 =4.217,r =0.290 ; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion BCAR1 promote carcinogenesis and positively correlate with poor differentiation and ER status in endometrial carcinoma.

AIM :To investigate the association of primary open-glaucoma (POAG), intraocular pressure (IOP) and systemic blood pressure in a rural population aged 50 years old or above in Shaanxi Province, China.METHODS: In the population-based, cross-sectional study, 1 775 (83.53%) residents, aged 50 years old or above, from 3 counties of Shaanxi Province, China, undertook an interview with a standard questionnaire and a detailed eye examination, including logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry and dilated fundus examination. Two blood pressure reading in the sitting position were taken. Gonioscopy was performed if a narrower peripheral anterior chamber (less than one fourth of the corneal thickness) was indicated. Automated visual field testing was performed by participants assessed to have suspicion of glaucomatous disc damage or if IOP was 22mmHg or higher.RESULTS: IOP significantly correlated with systemic blood pressure, and both IOP and systolic blood pressure increased significantly with increasing age. No association between POAG and hypertension was found. The frequency of POAG increased significantly with lower diastolic perfusion pressure.CONCLUSION: Data in our study are accordance with those reported in other population-based studies, and confirm that lower diastolic perfusion pressure is a significant risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma.

AIM: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a rural population in Shaanxi Province of China.METHODS: A total of 2 835 (81.00%) people aged 40 years old or more, from Fuping county, Jingbian county and Yang county of Shaanxi Province, China, underwent a comprehensive interview and a relative eye examination. The present of AMD was classified into neovascular AMD (NV) and pure geographic atrophy (GA) by using direct ophthalmoscopy for fundus examination according to International Classification System.RESULTS: The prevalence (95% CI) of AMD was 3.00% (2.42, 3.71) in this population, of which NV accounted for 1.45% (1.05, 1.98) and 1.55% (1.14, 2.10)for GA. The prevalence of AMD increased significantly with increasing age (P ＜0.001). AMD was present in 0.47% of participants aged 40 to 49 years, rising to 11.90% of participants older than 80 years, of which the corresponding data increased from 0.28% to 4.76% for NV and from 0.19% to 7.14% for GA. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of NA and GA between genders in this population. With multiple logistic analyses, apart from advancing age, only smoking was found to have a strong association with any type of AMD.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of AMD in the rural population of Shaanxi Province of China is lower than that reported from other population-based studies in different provinces of China, less than that reported in whites, more than that reported in blacks. Except increasing age, smoking is also a significant well-known risk factor for AMD.

· AIM: To assess the prevalence and related risk factors for primary angle-closure glaucoma in a rural population for 40 years of age or older in Shaanxi Province.· METHODS: By using a stratified, cluster-based, random sampling technique, 8 500 persons of all ages were selected randomly, including 3 500 those aged 40 years or more, from the North, the South and the Middle of Shaanxi Province in Western China from July to December in 2003. All participants had an interview with a standard questionnaire and those questions related to glaucoma of previous diagnosis and treatment, family history and outbreak history. Then a detailed and relative eye examination was performed, including logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, external eye examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination. The intraocular pressure was measured with Perkins applanation tonometry to those persons aged 50 years old or more and those with suspected increased IOP. A further examination was performed to those persons with suspicious glaucoma, including repeated tonometric examination, gonioscopy, dark room test, automated visual field testing, et al.·RESULTS: 6 815 of the eligible 8 500 persons of all ages were interviewed and examined from July to December in 2003, a response rate of 80.18%, including 2835 of the eligible 3 500 persons of 40 years old or more with a response rate of 81.00%. According to Van Herick method, the percentage of shallow peripheral anterior chamber was 13.6%, of which 10.4% was in grade 2, 3.0% in grade 1, and 0.2% in grade 0. In this rural population for 40 years of age or older 31 participants were found to have primary angle-closure glaucoma, with the prevalence of 1.09%. With multiple logistic analyses, the prevalence increased significantly with age (P=0.008), whereas no significant difference (Pgender=0.180, Peducation=0.199) was found in the rate with gender and education, although women and illiteracy seemed to be at increased risk of the disease (OR: 1.77, 95%CI,0.77-4.10; OR: 1.71, 95%CT, 0.76-3.87). Of 31 participants, 21 persons (67.74%) had not been previously diagnosed and treated. Of 10 participants previously diagnosed, 6 (60%) had been received peripheral iridectomy; nevertheless, no any other treatments were performed. 48.39% participants suffered from visual impairment in various degrees, of which the percentage of blindness in either eye accounted for 29.03%. Of those with primary angle-closure glaucoma, 22 persons (70.97%) were classified as having chronic from of the disease.· CONCLUSION: In this rural population in Shaanxi Province of China, the rate of occludable angles is 13.6%, more common than that reported previously in other Chinese populations. The prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma is close to that from other Asian populations, increasing with age. A majority of glaucoma was undiagnosed and untreated previously.

· AIM: To assess the prevalence and related risk factors of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in a rural population in Shaanxi Province.· METHODS: By using a stratified, duster-based, random sampling technique, 8 500 persons of all ages were selected randomly, from the North, the South and the Middle of Shaanxi Province from July to December in 2003. All participants had an interview with a standard questionnaire and those questions related to glaucoma of previous diagnosis and treatment, family history and outbreak history. Then a detailed and relative eye examination was performed, including logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, external eye examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination. The intraocular pressure was measured with Perkins applanation tonometry to those persons aged 50years old or more and those with suspected increased IOP. A further examination was performed to those persons with suspicious glaucoma, including repeated tonometric examination, gonioscopy, dark room test, automated visual field testing, et al.· RESULTS: 6 815 of the eligible 8 500 persons of all ages were interviewed and examined from July to December in 2003, a response rate of 80.18%. 9 participants were found to have POAG, with the prevalence of 0.13%, age ranging from 38 to 80 years (mean year:62.0). In those aged 30 years old or more, the prevalence of the disease was 0.23%, 0.28% and 0.39% for those more than 40 and 50 years old, respectively. The rate of suspicious POAG was 0.18% (12 cases) with age ranging from 35 to 77 years (mean year: 54.7). With multiple logistic analyses, the prevalence increased significantly with age (P=0.023). Other than increasing age, myopia was also a strong risk factor for POAG. Of 9participants with POAG, only 2 cases (22.22%) had been previously diagnosed. No one with POAG was received any treatment previously. 66.67% (6 cases) participants with POAG suffered from visual impairment in various degrees secondary to POAG. The percentage of blindness in either eye was 33.33%.· CONCLUSION: The prevalence of POAG is close to that from other Chinese populations, increasing with age. A majority of glaucoma was undiagnosed and untreated previously.