Glucuronosyltransferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the method of reducing error in estimating postmortem interval (PMI). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-six solved murder cases from 2003 January to 2013 January in Changzhou and Nanjing City were collected, The PMI of all cases was estimated by traditional method and then compared with the real PMI obtained after the cases were solved. The cases were grouped according to the PMI, the accuracy was calculated, and the reasons of suboptimal PMI were analyzed. RESULTS: The accuracies of early PMI (less than 12h and 13-24 h) were 90% and 89%, respectively; while the accuracies of late PMI (1-7 d, 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks, 1-6 months, 7-12 months and 1-5 years) decreased over time, being 79%, 76%, 83%, 79%, 60% and 50%, respectively. The common reasons of estimating error included improper inference methods, water submerged body, extreme temperature, lack of objective evidence, intentionally abandoned body, and changed or destroyed scene, etc. CONCLUSION The multiple index data can reduce the error in estimating PMI.
Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Forensic Pathology/methods* ; Homicide ; Humans ; Postmortem Changes ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the reliability of cast measurements by comparing Photoshop and conventional hand-held method. Methods Maxillary standard plaster models from 10 orthodontic cases with crowding were enrolled in this study. The space available and the space required of anterior region were measured by using Photoshop in the digital pictures or conventional method used by 5 observers respectively.The measurement results of the same sample among every observer were analyzed with ANOVA, and the difference between the 2 methods was calculated and paired t test was used to analyze the data. Results The repeatability of measurement results was not good when the space available was measured with conven-tional method by different observer( M1 ～ M5 ), and the measurement results of M1 were significantly different from that of M3 and M5 respectively( P ＜ 0.05 ). The repeatability of measurement results was relatively good when the space available was measured by using Photoshop, and the measurement results of M5 were significantly different from other observers ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The measurement results of space required measured by different observer were very close, and the reproducibility was excellent when they were measured by means of Photoshop or conventional methods. Conclusion There were no much difference between Photoshop and conventional method to measure the required space. Photoshop had significant advantage over conventional method when available sRace was measured.

Acute Disease ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; complications ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; etiology

Objective To know the primary effect of nutrition intervention in farmers. Methods The questionnaires were used to do baseline and evaluation survey. The intervention ways were used in trial group, including holding lectures, posting posters, sending out healthy material, quizzes with prizes, recommending salts low in sodium to each family, training to make healthy food by the chef; but there were no measures in control group. Results There were statistical significance in healthy awareness of nutrition, exercises and chronic diseases between two groups after intervention; However, the average intake amounts of vegetables did not reach the recommendation of diet guidelines; After intervention, the intake frequency of vegetables and fruits had statistical significance between before and after intervention in trial group, and also had statistical significance in two groups. Conclusion The awareness of healthy knowledge and attitudes has been obvious improvement, but the diets and life styles of farmers have no obvious change. The diet structure and behavior of farmers have been increasingly rational but not enough. The farmers have started to increase the intake times of vegetables and fruits and built up the conception of eating more vegetables and fruits.

BACKGROUND: Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) is one of the members in cyclin-dependent protein kinase family. The attention has being drawn by researchers on the relationship between the expression and distribution of CDK-5 mRNA and its protein in the brain during brain development and neural degeneration in thought-cognition.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the influence of CDK-5 on neurogeny and neural degeneration during cerebral development.DESIGN: Single factor analysis of variance.SETTING: Histological and Embryological Department and Neurobiological Department in Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Histological and Embryological Department and Neurobiological Department in Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Twenty-five Wistar rats of 5 phases were employed, named embryonicphase (E8-E21), neonatal phase (P0-P15),childhood (P16-2 months), grown-up phase (＞ 2 months) and senile phase (＞ 8 months), 5 rats in each group.METHODS: In situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was adopted in brain sections from embryonic phase to senile phase.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURFS: Distribution and expression of positive cells of CDK-5 mRNA and protein in various brain areas.RESULTS: Twenty-five rats entered result analysis for all. ① The expression of CDK-5 mRNA presented in entire development from E14 to P350and was in tendency of stability after growth-up. CDK-5 mRNA localized mainly in neurons and positive regions distributed mainly in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and a part of nerve nuclei. ② The expression of CDK-5 was strong after birth and it was weaker in embryonic and senile rats. Positive regions concentrated mainly in peripheral ventricle, hippocampus, cerebellum and a part of nerve nuclei.The expression only presented in hippocampus and Purkinje cellular layer of cerebellum in senile rats.CONCLUSION: CDK-5 in brain runs through entire phases of neural development, it expresses more significantly in neonatal phase and childhood and declines after growth-up, especially in senile phase. The declined expression of CDK-5 in hippocampus of senile rats is closely associated with decline of learning and memory in senility probably.

Objective By in vitro culture of mouse macrophage cell line RAW264. 7 and primary mouse bone marrow macrophages, the expression of Siglec-1 when stimulated by ox-LDL was observed. Meanwhile, Siglec-1 was up-regulated by M-CSF and down-regulated by small interference RNA targeting Siglec-1 ( si-RNA-Siglec-1) , and the expression of chemokines and lipid uptake ability by macrophages were observed, to explore the role of Siglec-1 on macrophages in atherosclerosis. Methods LDL was oxidized by copper. According to preliminary experiment results, ox-LDL 100 μg/ml was selected as a stimulus. There were 6 experimental groups:normal control group,ox-LDL 100 μg/ml group, ox-LDL 100 μg/ml + si-RNA 2509 2 ng/ml group,ox-LDL 100 μg/ml + si-RNA 3618 2 ng/ml group,ox-LDL 100 μg/ml + M-CSF 5 ng/ml group and ox-LDL 100 μg/ml + M-CSF 10 ng/ml group. si-RNA-Siglec-1 was transfected into macrophage to inhibit the expression of Siglec-1, whereas M-CSF 10 ng/ml or 5 ng/ml were added into the culture medium to enhance the expression of Siglec-1. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( qRT-PCR) was used to determine the interfere efficiency of si-RNA-Siglec-1 or M-CSF. After stimulation with ox-LDL for 48 h, cell culture supernatants were collected to determine MIP-1 alpha, MCP-1 and IL-8 concentration by ELISA (n =3 for each group) to evaluate the activation of macrophages. Internalization of lipid particles by macrophages was analyzed by oil red 0 staining. Results Observed by fluorescence microscope, si-RNA-Siglec-1 could be effectively transfected into macrophages with a transfection efficiency about 90% ;PCR results showed that si-RNA 2509 and si-RNA 3618 in a concentration of 40 pmol/L had an inhibition rate of 0. 54 ±0. 11 or 0. 52 ±0. 16 vs 1. 00 ±0. 24 (control group) , t =5. 227 and 4. 992, respectively, all P < 0.01, while M-CSF 10 ng/ml could increase Siglec-1 mRNA expression approximately 4-fold (4. 16 ± 1. 25 vs 1.00 ±0. 24, t =7. 448, P<0. 01). The secretion of MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-2 in si-RNA3618-Siglec-1 group [(359. 28±47. 80) pg/ml, (33. 76 ± 14. 28) ng/ml and (7.87±1.55) ng/ml for MCP-1,MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-2, respectively] was significantly reduced in compare with ox-LDL 100 μg/ml group [ (577. 89 ± 35. 95 ) pg/ml, (69. 17 ± 11. 82) ng/ml and (12.28 ± 1.19) ng/ml for MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-2, respectively], with P value of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.01. In contrary, ox-LDL 100 μg/ml plus M-CSF 10 ng/ml group could significantly promote macrophage chemokine secretion [ (672. 89 ± 43.80) pg/ml, (101.31 ±24.17) ng/ml and (14.81 ±0.54) ng/ml for MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-2, respectively], with P < 0.05 compared with ox-LDL 100 μg/ml group. Meanwhile, lipid intemalization and foam cell formation was inhibited in si-RNA3618-Siglec-l group while ox-LDL 100 μg/ml plus M-CSF 10 ng/ml group could enhance the phagocytosis of ox-LDL by macrophage. Conclusions Siglec-1 may served as a potential phagocytic receptor for ox-LDL involving in macrophage uptake of lipid and turn into foam cells. Furthermore, it can active macrophages and enhance the secretion of MIP-1 alpha, MCP-1 and IL-8, attracting more macrophages and lymphocytes to the site of inflammatory plaque. Targeted inhibition of Siglec-1 reduces macrophage uptake of lipid and secretion of chemokines. Siglec-1 may possibly serve as a potential target of treatment or delay the development of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the association of eIF4E and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms with psoriasis vulgaris in Han population of Shandong province.Methods A population based case-control association study was carried out in 188 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 280 healthy human controls of Han nationality from Shandong province.Taqman SNP genotyping assay was performed to assess three SNPs,including rs4810482 and rs3918254 in MMP-9 gene and rs11723037 in eIF4E gene.Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was evaluated by using Haploview 4.2 software,and the frequencies of alleles and genotypes were analyzed by using Plink 1.07 software.Results The frequency of rs4810482 T allele was significantly lower in patients with psoriasis vulgaris than in the normal human controls(OR =1.49,95％ CI:1.12-1.99,P ＜ 0.01),and the significant difference still remained under recessive and dominant model.Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the rs4810482 altered the binding site of transcription factor,while no association was observed between psoriasis and either of the other two SNPs.Conclusions The SNP rs4810482 located at the upstream regulatory region of MMP-9 gene is significantly associated with psoriasis,hence,MMP-9 gene may be a susceptibility gene for psoriasis in Han population of Shandong province.

Objective To construct lentiviral vectors containing small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequence of Siglec-1 and to screen the effective vector.Methods Three fragments of Siglec-1 siRNA were designed and cloned into pGCSIL-GFP lentiviral plasmid.And then the plasmid was cotransfected into 293T cells with pHelper 1.0 and pHelper 2.0 plasmids.Forty-eight hours later,culture supernatant with virus particles was collected and concentrated.Virus titer was determined by 10-fold serial dilution method and virus was transduced into primary cultured mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM).Flow cytometry and QRT-PCR were used to screen effective vector with inhibition ability.Results Three vshRNA lentiviral plasmids and a control plasmid were constructed successfully and verified by DNA sequencing.Virus titer was between 1×10s TU/ml and 1×109 TU/ml,which was suitable for in vitro and in vivo experiments.The Lv-1 could inhibit Siglec-1 expression effectively in vitro transduction of BMM.Conclusion Lentiviral vectors containing siRNA sequence of Siglec-1 were constructed successfully and an effective vector was screened,which may lay the foundation for using the vector in gene knockdown experiment in vivo.

Objective To investigate the computer tomography (CT) and magnetic res-onance imaging (MRI) features of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) caused by pregnancy-indueed hypertension (PIH). Methods CT scan and MRI scan + diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were used in 31 patients with PIH. Results CT scan found low density lesions in parietal-occipital lobe of watershed regions in 31 patients with PIH. CT value was 19 to 23Hu. Among them, MRI showed slight hypointensity lesions on T1-weighted images and slight hyperintensity lesions on T2-weight images in 11 patients, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence showed hyperintensity lesions, DWI revealed isointense, and apparent diffusion coefficient- did not decrease. The recovery time of clinical symptoms was earlier than that of MRI. Conclusions The lesion sites on cr and MRI had certain characteristics in PIH occurred PRES at late pregnancy, combining clinical history a clear diagnosis could be made.