Objective To explore the evaluation for apraxia of speech (AOS) with Chinese. Methods 20 Chinese cases with AOS were assessed with Chinese material referred from Motor Speech Evaluation (MSE) using. Results The subtest of multiple repetitions of multisyllabic words was the most difficult and single repetitions of monosyllabic words was the easiest for AOS patients (P<0.05). The score of the short sentences negatively correlated with both the scores of repetition ability (r=-0.865) and the fluency of speech (r=-0.614) (P<0.001).Conclusion Chinese material referred from MSE can be used for evaluation of AOS with Chinese.

This article reviewed the language characteristics of Down's syndrome, cerebral palsy, autism and hearing impairment, including the relevant factors and early manifestations.

Objective To explore the changes of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of the aged rat brain, and the relationship between this change and neuronal apoptosis. Methods Five month old and 30 month old rats were used in the study. NO level and NOS activity were measured by Griess reaction and high presssure liquid chromatography. Neuronal NOS(nNOS) gene and bcl 2 gene were examined by in situ hybradization; nNOS protein level and free calcium level in synaptosome were determined by immunohistochemical method and Fura 2 fluorescence probe respectively. Apoptosis was observed using terminal transferase marking method. Results NO level and nNOS activity in the brain tissue of aged rats was (2 61?0 10) ?mol/L and (398 22?21 62) fmol?mg -1 ?min -1 , respectively,being significantly higher than that of the young rats(1 54?0 15) ?mol/L and (234 38?16 24)fmol?mg -1 ?min -1 respectively. Also both the nNOS gene transcription and protein expression increased in aged rats while bcl 2 gene expression reduced with aging. Free calcium level in synaptosome of aged and young rats was (485 26?28 48) nmol/L and (372 99?19 20) nmol/L respectively. Apoptosis in brain tissue was observed in aged rats, but not in young ones. Conclusions The increase of NO level in the aged rat brain is due to the increase of nNOS activity which is at least partially determined by the increased gene expression. Abnormal enhancement of NO in the aged rats may cause damage, even death of the brain. As an anti oxidant, bcl 2 gene expression reduced with aging and resulted in the brain tissue more vulnerable to oxidative stress and thus produced more lesions. Therefore, it is a promising method to screen and develop drugs that can be anti apoptotic and anti oxidative, and reduce the formation of pathologic NO to prevent and retard brain aging.

Objective To observe the effect of blood-cooling and blood-stasis-removing Decoction on anti-double-strain DNA ( anti-dsDNA) antibody, anti-nucleosome antibody ( AnuA) and serum levels of interleukin ( IL) -6, 17, 21 in spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) MRL/lpr experimental rats. Methods The experimental rats were divided into blank control group, model group, and high- and low- dose Chinese medicine groups ( 25.2, 12.6 g/kg respectively) , the treatment lasting 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the blood taken from the orbital veins was separated for obtaining serum, and then the serum anti-dsDNA antibody, AnuA, IL-6,17,21 levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). Results The serum autoantibody and IL-6, 17, 21 levels of rats in the model group were increased significantly as compared with the blank control group ( P<0.01). The serum antibody and cytokine levels of Chinese medicine groups were reduced as compared with the model group, the difference between high-dose Chinese medicine group and model group being significant ( P<0.01). Conclusion Blood-cooling and blood-stasis-removing Decoction has certain effect on reducing the serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibody, AnuA, and IL-6,17,21, which may coniribute to one of its therapeutic mechanisms for SLE.

Objective To evaluate the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase Ⅱ alpha (CaMK Ⅱα) in the central nucleus of the amygdale (CeA) in fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia in rats and the relationship with miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs).Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 50-80 g,in which the CeA was successfully cannulated,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control 1 group (group C1),fentanylinduced hyperalgesia 1 group (group FIH1),KN92 group,and KN93 group.Normal saline was injected subcutaneously,and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was given into the amygdale in group C1.In group FIH1,fentanyl was injected subcutaneously (60 μg/kg per time,4 times in total,15-min interval,cumulative dose of 240 μg/kg) to establish the model of hyperalgesia.In KN92 and KN93 groups,KN92 and KN93 10 nmol were given into the CeA after establishing the model.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal threshold (TWT) were measured at 6 and 7 h after fentanyl or normal saline injection.Another 12 Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into either control 2 group (group C2) or fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia 2 group (group FIH2) using a random number table with 6 rats in each group.The brains were removed and sliced 12 h later,and the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs were recorded.KN93 10 nmol was then added to the artificial cerebral spinal fluid,and the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs were recorded by whole cell patch-clamp technique.Results Compared with group C 1,the MWT and TWT were significantly decreased at 6 h after fentanyl or normal saline injection in FIH1,KN92 and KN93 groups,and at 7 h after fentanyl or normal saline injection in FIH and KN92 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group FIH1,the MWT and TWT were significantly increased at 7 h after fentanyl or normal saline injection in group KN93 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in group KN92 (P＞0.05).Compared with group C2,the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs were significantly increased before administration of KN93 (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs after administration of KN93 in group FIH2 (P＞0.05).Compared with the value before KN93 administration,no significant change was found in the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs after administration of KN93 in group C2 (P＞0.05),and the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs were significantly decreased after administration of KN93 in group FIH2 (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activation of CaMK Ⅱ α in the CeA enhances synaptic excitation in neurons,which is involved in fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia in rats.

Background and purpose:Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly human malignant neoplasms. Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major reason responsible for poor prognosis in the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients. MicroRNA (miRNA, miR) is a family of small non-coding RNA molecules, dysregulated miRNA is associated with various tumor biological function. miR-33a has been widely reported as a metabolism-related miRNA, while its relationship with drug resistance has little understand. This study was focused on the effect of miR-33a on gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer to bring the novel theoretical basis to chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.Methods:In situ hybridization and Real-time PCR were used to analyze the miR-33a expressions in pancreatic cancer tissue sample and cell lines, respectively. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used to calculate the IC50 value of different pancreatic cancer cells.Results:miR-33a was down-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue and cell lines compared with para-cancerous tissues and normal HEK293T cells. Moreover, miR-33a over expression not only could enhance the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells, but also rescue the gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells.Conclusion:Down regulation of miR-33a in pancreatic cancer decreases the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine, resulting in development of acquired gemcitabine chemoresistance. It provides the theoretical basis to develop a new molecular targeted drug to combine with chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.

Objective Increased morbidity of auto-immune disease in senescent individual might be related with the defects of apoptosis after stimulation or induction. Changes of apoptotic features in splenic T lymphocytes were studied in senescent mice. Methods Flow cytometry was used to study the rates of apoptosis by analysing sub-G 1 peak. DNA ladder was observed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Free calcium levels in both cells were detected by Fluo-3 loading. Bcl-2 protein levels were detected by Western blot. Results After co-stimulation with IL-2/ConA, flow cytometry showed that average apoptotic percentage of old T cells was 38.3% ?10.3%,significantly lower than that of young ones (58.6% ? 4.0%, P

Objective To construct the plasmid that can produce long,double-stranded RNA and identify nonspecific apoptosis induced by long, double-stranded RNA in human osteosarcoma cells. Methods Plasmid pCI-neo-dsRNA was constructed by two promoters driven DNA sequence based on nontoxic, completely exoteric gene EGFP from the head and the end simultaneously to synthesize sense and antisense RNAs. Human osteosarcoma cells MG63 were transfected with pCI-neo-dsRNA and 48 h later the transfected cells were assessed by Apoptosis Detection System, FCMand MTT method. Results Plasmid pCI-neo-dsRNA was constructed successfully, MTT measurement showed that the absorbance of cells decreased gradually with the increase of plasmid pCI-neo-dsRNA dose(0.05 ?g, 0.10 ?g, 0.15 ?g, 0.20 ?g,0.25 ?g,0.30 ?g). MG3 transfected with pCI-neo-dsEGFP presented a great amount of irregular green fluorescence that indicated cell apoptosis. As the quantity of dsRNA increased, the percent of apoptosis cells also raised. While the dose of pCI-neo-dsEGF was 3.0 ?g, the apoptotic results of pCI-neo-dsEGF in MG3 were similar to that of 5-FU. Conclusion Long, double- stranded RNA could trigger human osteosarcoma cell apoptosis and the further research on using long, double-stranded RNA in osteosarcoma gene therapy can be done based on this theory.

Purpose:To analyze the differences between prem enopausal and postmenopausal female patients with T1 primary breast cancer as to pathological classification, rate of lymphatic metastasis and some relative rec eptors, and to discuss the appropriate mode of operation to T1 breast cancer. Methods:154 patients with T1 primary breast cancer were retrosp ectively divided into premenopausal group and postmenopausal group. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results:There were no significant statistical differences in pr imary tumor size, but the incidence rate(62.2%) of invasive ductal cancer in po stmenopausal group was less than that(84.7%) of postmenopausal group(P