Bilateral vasovasostomy was performed on 14 male rabbits which received a vasectomy 12 months ago. After 3 months, the rabbits were mated with female rabbits in a course of two months in order to observe the restoration of fertility. They were divided into vasovasostomy fertility group(VFG)and vasovasostomy infertility group(VIG), 7 rabbits, each according to their fertility. 8 rabbits that received a vasectomy only were designated as vasectomy group(VG), and 9 as sham-operation group(SOG), both (VG & SG) served as control. The results showed, (1)the value of sperm density in VFG was significantly lower than that in SOG, but markedly higher than that in VIG(P

BACKGROUND:With the in-depth study of cancer stem cels, increasing evidence has shown that cancer stem cels are the reason for cancer metastasis and recurrence, and therefore it is of great significance to isolate and identify cancer stem cels that can elucidate the pathogenesis of cancer and development of anticancer drugs.
OBJECTIVE: To isolate and culture gastric cancer stem cels and then to detect its biological characteristics.
METHODS: Cancer tissues from 16 patients with gastric cancer were cultured using adherent method and enzymic digestion methods to isolate gastric cancer stem cels. The cel morphology was observed under inverted microscope to drawn out growth curves. Osteogenic and adipogenic ability of cels were also detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gastric cancer stem cels were isolated successfuly by both two methods. Under the microscope, the cels were fusiform- or polygon-shaped. At confluence, the cels grew in a vortex or radial manner. The cel growth curve showed that 1-3 days were latent period, 4-9 days were logarithmic growth phase, and over 10 days were growth plateau phase. Flow cytometry results showed that passage 3 gastric cancer stem cels highly expressed CD90, CD29, CD44, but lowly expressed CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. After osteogenic induction, calcified nodules were clearly visible in the gastric cancer stem cels at passage 3; after adipogenic induction, bright and tiny fat droplets were seen in the cytoplasm. These findings indicate that cancer stem cels exist in the gastric cancer tissues, and have similar morphology, biological property and multipotent differentiation ability to normal cels, which are probably involved in gastric cancer occurrence and development.

AIM:To analyze the 34 cases of patients with diagnosis of lacrimal duct disease, to explore the cause and clinical characteristics of lacrimal duct inflammation, and to study the common misdiagnosis to improve the diagnosis rate, to provide clinical experience for medical workers.
METHODS: A total of 34 eyes of 34 patients were selected from 2011-06 to 2015-06 to our hospital for lacrimal duct incision. Clinical data of patients including age and gender distribution, eye and lesion location, duration, canaliculitis clinical symptoms and previous misdiagnosis were collected. The operation of lacrimal duct was carried out, and the secretion of lacrimal secretion was checked.
RESULTS:Patients over the age of 40 accounted for 77%of the population, men accounted for 23. 5%, women accounted for 76. 5%. Left eye in 15 cases, right eye in 19 cases, and were monocular onset, 26 cases ( 76%) of patients with lower lacrimal duct inflammation. Clinical symptoms: increased secretion, canthal conjunctival congestion, swelling, lesion location around the lacrimal puncta swelling and tenderness, slightly raised, epiphora, foreign body sensation. The culture results Showed 34 cases of discharge inspection. A total of 20 cases were fungal growth, 6 cases of bacterial growth rate were 59%, 18%, and 8 cases were not detected, 10 cases of lacrimal duct stone were found by pathological examination. There were 3 cases of Aspergillus, 5 cases of Candida, 2 cases of actinomycetes, 4 cases found in Gram staining microscope. Misdiagnosis of canaliculitis for other eye diseases, including 12 cases of chronic dacryocystitis, 8 cases of chronic conjunctivitis, 6 cases of acute conjunctivitis, stye in 4 cases, the misdiagnosis rate reached 88%.
CONCLUSION:In the middle and old aged people, the lacrimal duct is more than that of the male. The main pathogenic bacteria causing lacrimal duct infection may be fungi, which can be treated with anti-fungal drugs. For the removal of the lacrimal duct stone, we should distinguish the types of pathogenic bacteria for the treatment of the disease. In the case of misdiagnosis, the clinical manifestations of different clinical manifestations from the lacrimal duct infection and other diseases of the eye should be carefully examined and carefully treated.

OBJECTIVE:To uncover the potentiality of brand management in pharmaceutical industry and to explore its importance in pharmaceutical industry.METHODS:The developmental opportunity of brand management was analyzed be?ginning from the current circumstances of pharmaceutical industry.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The pharmaceutical in?dustries are confronted with unprecedented development for brand management.With the ending of the products era,brand management has become an important resource for the pharmaceutical industry to obtain competitive advantages.

OBJECTIVE: To provide referrences for the state drug administrations strengthening supervision and administration, and also for the pharmaceutical enterprises develeping drug marketing.METHODS: To explain the concept of DTC marketing.And the present situation of drug DTC marketing in several foreign countries were discussed and its development process and existing problems in these countries were also analyzed. RESULTS: Drug DTC marketing was under development in the world and pharmaceutical enterprises hawe showed increasing interest in it, however, drug DTC marketing needed further standardization and improvement. CONCLUSION: Drug DTC marketing holds a promising prospect, the effective and standardized development of it will be a big challenge to state drug administrations and pharmaceutical companies in the world.

To study the underlying mechanism of vasovasotomy infertility, we set up the rabbit model and observed the levels of testosterone, IL-1 activity and TNFα, which represent the functions of monocytes and macrophages on the animal model of vasovasostomy, and probed into the in vitro effect of IL-1β on the production of testosterone by Leydig cells. Rabbit model was set up and divided into vasovasostomy fertility group (VFG) and vasovasostomy infertility group (VIG), and set up peer group of Vasectomy group (VG) and sham operation group (SOG) as controls. The results were as follows: The sperm density and total number is highest in SOG, with that in VFG markedly lower than that in SOG, but significantly higher than that in VIG. 　　1. VFG showed significant higher level of testosterone (Ts) than SOG, VG and VIG; Ts of VIG was significantly lower than SOG or VFG. In the vasovasostomy groups, sperm density is positively correlated to the level of testosterone. 　　2. The level of serum cortisol in VIG significantly higher than that in VFG, SOG, and VG. The level of serum cortisol negatively correlated to serum testosterone. 3. Serum estradiol(E2) was similar among all the groups (P＞0.05). E2/T ratio is significantly different among the groups, with that in VIG highest and that in VFG lowest. 4. Serum IL-1 activity in VIG was significantly higher than that in SOG and VFG(P＜0.05). 　　5. Serum TNFα and serum IL-1 activity share similar change, with TNFα in VG significantly higher than that in SOG(P＜0.01), VIG was the highest among the four groups(P＜0.01). Correlation test showed that serum IL-1 activity and TNFα level was negatively correlated to testosterone level; positively correlated to cortisol level and E2/T ratio. 6. Immuno-histo-chemistry of CD68 and TNFα in rabbits with vasovasostomy showed that in the testis tissue of SOG, interstitial tissue was normal with no filtration of inflammation cells including CD68 cells. In VFG and VIG, the tubules with resumed sperm production showed negative staining, and atrophic tubules and their surroundings were expression positive of CD68, with that markedly deeper in VIG than that in VFG. TNFα positive expressed granules was found only in atrophic convolted seminiferous tubules and their surroundings, with that deeper in VIG than that in VFG. 7. Culture Leydig cells were put in the following holes:(1) Control; (2) hCG; (3) IL-1; (4)IL-1 β+hCG; (5) IL-1 β+IL-1Ra; and (6) hCG+IL-1β+IL-1Ra. Determined the levels of testosterone by immuno-radiation technique. (1) IL-1 β showed no obvious effect on the Leydig cultured in vitro, but depressed the induction of Leydig cells by hCG to synthesize testosterone; (2) IL-1Ra blocked the depression of IL-1β Leydig cells' bio-synthesis of testosterone induced by hCG. In summary, one of the obvious changes in animals with vasovasotomy is low density of sperms, which is related to the lowering of testosterone. Low level of testosterone is related to the activation of monocytes and macrophages to produce IL-1 and TNFα, which negatively regulate the production of testosterone.

Objective To investigate arterial blood gas(ABG)changes induced by different intra- abdominal pressures during CO_2 pneumoperitoneum in rabbits with lung and liver impact injury under controlled hemorrhage.Methods In this study 75 rabbits were randomized into nine groups(6 rabbits in each group)according to the amount of blood loss(6 ml/kg、12 ml/kg、22 ml/kg)and intra-abdominal pressures(5 mm Hg,10 mm Hg,15 mm Hg).After model was established successsfully,respiratory rates (RR),ABG and death rates were observed at pre-pneumoperitoneum,after 0.5 hour and 2 hours under pneumoperitoneum and 0.5 hour after desufflation.Results Without pneumoperitoneum,different blood loss exerted different effect on arterial blood gas:RR,PaCO_2 increased(P

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of anterior wall cartilage resection plus V suture and anterior wall cartilage resection combined with compression and fixation in treating large pseudocyst of auricle through comparison analysis.METHODSA retrospective case-control study, comparing the efficacy of anterior wall cartilage resection and suture to wear a V type (45 cases) and anterior wall cartilage resection and compression bandage fixation (43 cases) for the treatment of large pseudocyst of auricle.RESULTS6 months after surgery for observation, the cure rate of treatment group was 88.89%, the rate of control group was 72.09%, the differences between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONAnterior wall cartilage resection plus V suture for large pseudocyst of auricle is simple to operate, with fast recover and reliable effect.

The novelty research is very important for the new drug declaration. This article points out the methods on how to fill in the application, how to grasp the research content correctly and how to formulate retrieval methods in the process of novelty research.

Objective To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in children, so as to improve diagnosis level and decrease misdiagnosis rate.Methods Twenty-five cases of LCH from Jan.1996 to Feb.2006 were analyzed by retrospective study. The clinical data were collected and abstracted for information regarding clinical symptom, physical sign, laboratory examination, imaging,pathology,diagnosis and treatment.Results Some laboratory findings in hemogram, bone marrow examination and chest X-ray were non-specific.The X-ray characteristic of skeleton was osteolysis. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were important in defining the extent of lesion in fundus cranii and sella.Seven cases were examined for anti-Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) IgM, 3 cases were positive;5 and 3 cases out of 10 cases showed humoral and cellular immunity abnormality,respectively. The misdiagnosis rate was 52%,1 case had been misdiagnosed for 7 years. Chemotherapy was effective in the future.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of LCH varies widely, leading to high rate of misdiagnosis.The etiology of LCH is unclear,and some of our patients show the evidence of EBV infection or immunity abnormality. Definitive diagnosis of LCH is based on pathology. Ultrastructure and immunophenotype should be done to improve diagnosis level.