This paper reports a method to preserve toxoplasma gondii in the washing fluid of normal caline from the peritoneal cavity of mice in a refrigerator at 4℃. The washing fluid continued to infect the mice when it had been preserved for 49 days. Therefore, the mice san be vacunated through the peritoneal cavity about a month later, and then the washing fluid drawn from the peritoneal cavity and preserved in the refrigerator at 4℃ again. This method helps preserve toxoplasma gondii for a long time. This method is convenient, as compared with other methods.

Objective To carry out genetic analysis of complete map genome of strains used for pertussis vaccine production in China.MethodsThe complete map genome of pertussis vaccine original seed for production use was sequenced by combining PacBio Sequel third-generation sequencing platform and Illumina second-generation sequencing platform,and the genome components analysis,gene function annotation and comparative genome analysis were performed. Simultaneously,the genetic stability of different generations of strains in the production process of enterprises was analyzed.Results The complete map genome of the original strain of pertussis vaccine and its different generations in the production process was obtained,with the genome length of 4. 1 Mb,the GC content of 68%,and the stable genome structure among different generations. Immunogenic or potentially immunogenic genes such as pt,pha,prn,fim2,fim3,act,tct,ompA,BrKA,rplD and BP1569 were obtained and analyzed,and no occured in different generations of genes.ConclusionIn this study,the complete map genome of pertussis strains for vaccine production with complete structure and clear background was obtained,which provided a basis for the quality control of pertussis strains for vaccine production in China,and also provided a reference for the study of molecular epidemiology of pertussis.

15-deoxy-△12,14-prostaglandin J2(15d-PGJ2) is one of the natural ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ.It plays an important protective role during cerebral ischemia.This article reviews the recent progress in research on the neuroprotective mechanism of 15d-PGJ2.

Objective To study the effect of articular step-off on knee joint contact pressures in fractures of the medial tibial plateau. Methods Eight specimens of embalmed adult knee joint were used to establish models of articular step-off of the medial tibial plateau by 0,1,2,3 mm respectively (Schatzker Ⅳ fracture) .The technique of pressure sensitive film was used to measure the contact pressures on the weight-bearing area of the knee joint in the 3 models. Results When the step-offs of medial tibial plateau were 0,1,2,3 mm,the average contact pressures on the lateral compartment were respectively 3.34 ± 0.06 MPa,3.48 ± 0.06 MPa,4.19 ± 0.05 MPa,4.19 ± 0.04 MPa,while the average contact pressures on the medial coMPartment were 4.04±0.17 MPa,4.57±0.20 MPa,5.64±0.20 MPa,5.64±0.19 MPa.When the step-off of medial tibial plateau was 2 mm,the average contact pressures on the medial and lateral plateaus increased by 39.6％ and 25.4％ compared with the 0 mm step-off,with statistically significant differences (P ＜0.05). Conclusions If the step-off of the medial tibial plateau reaches ≥ 2mm,open reduction and internal fixation should be indicated to prevent secondary traumatic arthritis.When the step-off of the medial tibial plateau is ＜ 2 mm,conservative treatment can be a proper choice.

Colorectal cancer is a very common malignant neoplasm.It is widely accepted that community screening for colorectal cancer significantly reduces mortality of this disease.Detection of neoplasm is facilitated by fecal occult blood testing(FOBT),sigmoidoscopy,colonoscopy and double contrast barium enema.Colonoscopy is currently the gold standard,however,the appropriate age to begin testing and time interval between repeat sereenings remain unclear.Screening with CT colonography(vivtul colonoscopy),fecal DNA analysis and detecting cyclooxygenase 2 messenger RNA in feces is under study.Finding the optimal screening method and increasing acceptability to both physician and patients remain to be studied further.

Objective To study the evaluation of rational use level of drugs in medical institutions.Methods According to the specific requirements of rational use of drugs in medical institutions,a criteria system is established.And a rational use of drugs evaluation model of medical institutions is to be built on the theory of fuzzy evaluation,group decision making and the analysis method of multi-index evaluation.Results Based on the fuzzy evaluation and group decision making,a rational use of drugs evaluation model of medical institutions is presented in the paper and one example is used to show the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed model.Conclusion The rational use of drugs evaluation model based on fuzzy evaluation and group decision making can effectively accomplish the evaluation of rational use of drugs of medical institutions,and build the foundation for improving the rational use of drugs of medical institutions and improving the level of universal health care.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase is over-expressed in numerous human tumors, which plays pivotal roles in cellular signal transduction, and it is involved in a variety of tumor cellular behaviors such as proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and so on. Many investigations have indicated that tumor growth can be suppressed by inhibiting EGFR tyrosine kinase activity. Currently, several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are in clinical trial stage.

OBJECTIVE To search for the sensitive factors of infection by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE) as well as the corresponding prevention measures. METHODS Investigation and analysis had been conducted for 15 cases of infection induced by VRE. RESULTS Some of the cases had been infected in communities,but most been infected in hospital,including the old patients in ICU,patients with underlying diseases or respiratory diseases and inpatients staying long in hospital.The infection site was mainly lower respiratory tract,together with the positive results of drug-resistant staphylococci culture. CONCLUSIONS Use of large amount of strong effect broad-spectrum antibiotic as well as use of invasive mechanical ventilation are the risk factors causing infection by VRE.Alternative use of antibiotic of ?-lactamases,amino-glycosides and quinolones can cure the infection,besides,strict isolation and disinfection measures can prevent the infection from spreading in hospital.

BACKGROUND:The immature disc nucleus pulposus is composed of notochordal cels, but there is no notochordal cel in the mature human intervertebral disc, in which the notochordal cels are replaced by chondrocyte-like cels. It is very important to comprehend the disappearance of the notochordal cels; however, it is stil unknown at present. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the feasibility of notochordal cels to maintain the proliferation and phenotype of chondrocyte-like cels and to induce the cartilage-like differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. METHODS: The first author used the computer to retrieve PubMed and Wanfang databases using the key words of “notochord cels; nucleus pulposus cels; identify” in English and Chinese, respectively. Totaly 9 896 relevant articles published from January 1999 to August 2015 were retrieved. Repetitive studies were excluded, and finaly 36 articles were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Now, the main functions of notochordal cels are to promote synthesis of extracelular matrix in the nucleus pulposus, induce directional differentiation of mesenchymal cels into nucleus pulposus cels or act as “seed cels” to form the nucleus pulposus cels. The presence and disappearance of notochordal cels is related to intervertebral disc degeneration. Cel apoptosis is involved in static compressionviadeath receptor signals, and then leads to intervertebral disc degeneration. fas ligand can mediate the reduction of notochordal cels, and hypoxia-inducible factor can induce spinal cord injury thereby triggering cel death and complete disappearance of nucleus pulposus. The measurement and verification of immune makers of notochordal cels, CK-8, CK-18 and galectin-3, can benefit to the identification and isolation of notochordal cels, and thereby help the studies on cel growth and differentiation, function and its mechanism of apoptosis.

In recent years,postoperative mortality rate of pancreatic resection has dropped below 5％,while the complication rate still remains as high as 30％ ～ 50％.Postoperative pancreatic fistula and abdominal abscess are two serious complications after pancreatic resection,with the incidence of 10％ ～28％.Deep understanding of the physiological functions of the pancreas together with the research and development of new medications has improved the prognosis of patients with pancreatic fistula.This article gave a brief overview on the progress in this regard.