This paper discussed multiple teaching methods used in classroom instruction which are used for Medicianl Chemistry Education of Preclinical Medicine Graduate Students,which were proved to be effective.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Indoles ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrroles ; therapeutic use

Objective To measure the tapping frequency of hemiplegic unaffected forefinger and normal control's forefinger. Methods The tapping frequency of 27 left hemiplegic patients and 32 healthy controls were measured by finger oscillating frequency tester. Results The oscillation frequency of hemiplegic patients was lower than that of the healthy controls (P<0.001). Conclusion Hand function of hemiplegic patients weakened.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the classification and distribution of external nasal fracture, and its influence to the nasal septum. METHOD: We randomly chose 60 patients who received nasal CT scan because of nasal trauma and diagnosed as external nasal fracture. We reviewed their CT data in PACS system with computer. RESULT: Of the 60 cases of nasal trauma, 90 sides got external nasal fracture, among which 58 sides (64.4%) had only nasal bone fracture, 16 sides (17.8%) had only maxillary frontal process fracture, and 16 sides (17.8%) had both. Half of these 60 patients got unilateral external nasal fracture, among whom 14 patients (46.7%) had traumatic nasal septum deviation meanwhile. The other 30 patients suffered from bilateral external nasal fracture, among whom 26 patients (86.7%) had traumatic nasal septum deviation. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Moreover, 24 patients got fracture of either nasal bone or maxillary frontal process, 11 of whom (45.8%) got traumatic nasal septum deviation at the same time. The other 36 patients suffered fracture of both these two bones, 29 of whom (80.6%) had traumatic nasal septum deviation. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). We classified the nasal bone fracture as below: 16 patients with only unilateral external nasal fracture belonged to Type I, of whom 15 patients (25.0%) were type Ia with nasal bone or maxillary frontal process fracture and 1 patient (1.7%) fell into type Ib with fracture occurred on both of these two bones at the same side. Four patients suffered bilateral external nasal fracture belonged to type II, among whom 2 patients (3.3%) belonged to type IIa with nasal bone or maxillary frontal process fracture and 2 patients fell into type IIb with fracture of both of these two bones at different sides. The other 40 patients (66.7%) belonged to Tpye III, who suffered external nasal fracture accompanied with traumatic nasal septum deviation. CONCLUSION Traumatic nasal septum deviation was extremely concomitant in patients with external nasal fracture. It will be better to perform external nasal reconstructive surgery and plasty of nasal septum deviation by using the endoscope within 1 month for the patients whose symptom were serious or who cared a lot about the appearance.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Bone ; injuries ; Nasal Septum ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of cerebral watershed infarction (CWI) through analyzing the appearance examined by Color duplex Imaging(CDI) and transcranial doppler (TCD).Methods One hundred and forty-two patients with CWI diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) were enrolled in the study group and 150 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled in the control group.The results of CDI and TCD were retrospectively analyzed of the two groups.The vascular stenosis,plaque detection rate,plaque characteration,plaque scores,the cause of low blood volume,intracranial collateral circulation were compared between the two groups to investigate the pathogenesis of CWI.Results Among the 142 cases in the study group,there were 72 cases of severe stenosis and occlusion,21 cases of moderate stenosis,31 cases of mild stenosis and 18 cases without stenosis and there were 19 cases of severe stenosis and occlusion,41 cases of moderate stenosis,23 cases of mild stenosis and 67 cases without stenosis among the 150 cases in the control group.There were significant differences in the two groups (x2 =66.583,P =0.000).There were significant differences on the plaque detection rate between the two groups (80.99％ (115/142) vs 49.33％ (74/150),x2 =32.010,P =0.000).There were significant differences on the scores of plaque between the study group and the control group ((11.47 ± 3.78) points vs (6.57 ± 3.53) points,t =4.019,P =0.001).There were significant differences on the defined cause of low blood volume between the study group and the control group (54.93％ (78/142) vs 11.33％ (17/150),x2 =63.164,P =0.000).There were 50 patients had collateral circulation in the study group and 38 cases in the control group,there were no significant differences between the two groups (35.31％ (50/142) vs 25.33％ (38/150),x2 =3.381,P =0.066).Conclusion Angiostegnosis,microemboli from the unstable atherosclerosis plaque,lower perfusion on the basis of hypovolemia are all the pathogenesis of CWI.CDI combine with TCD can provide more information in vascular evaluation and treatment.

Objective To.investigate the accuracy and reliability of monocyte count of three methods.Methods The specimens classified by blood cell analyzer WBC monocytes ＜ 15％,15％-20％,＞ 20％ were taken randomly,draw 20 μ l after mixing,put in monocyte direct count dilution and count,and underwent routine smear,stained by Swiss-Gibbs and manual classified by microscope,and then compared the results of the three methods.Collected one copy each of the high,medium and low proportion of monocytes specimens,and counted 30 times by the three counting method.Results Blood cell analyzer in WBC monocytes 15％-20％,＞ 20％ had poor correlation with the results of the other two methods.Repeatability comparison of three methods,medium and low sample were better with method 1 and 2,high value sample was good with method 3.Conclusion The specimens of monocytes ≥ 15％,especially scatter plot is abnormal,must be confirmed by microscopic examination.

Objective To examine the number of fetal nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) in maternal blood and placenta tissue in fetal growth restriction(FGR) pregnancies. Methods 20 women of 28-36 weeks' gestation at age of 21~30(including 9 FGR pregnancies)were chosen. Fetal cells were isolated from maternal blood with discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The isolated cells were made smear and counted under the microscope; After delivery, the placenta tissue were made into sections and also counted under the microscope; To determine the origin of the NRBC , the single NRBC was analysed by primer extension preamplification (PEP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The number of NRBC in 9 FGR pregnancy women's peripheral blood ranged from 12/7 ml~40/7 ml,(average 22.6/7 ml). The number of NRBC in the control pregnancies ranged from 0/7 ml~10/7 ml, (average 5.4/7 ml). Significant difference was shown between the two groups; The number of NRBC in 9 FGR pregnancy women's placenta tissue was significantly higher than the median value in the control pregnancies (2.8/20HP compared with 0.6/20HP, P

Objective To observe the effect of blood-cooling and blood-stasis-removing Decoction on anti-double-strain DNA ( anti-dsDNA) antibody, anti-nucleosome antibody ( AnuA) and serum levels of interleukin ( IL) -6, 17, 21 in spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) MRL/lpr experimental rats. Methods The experimental rats were divided into blank control group, model group, and high- and low- dose Chinese medicine groups ( 25.2, 12.6 g/kg respectively) , the treatment lasting 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the blood taken from the orbital veins was separated for obtaining serum, and then the serum anti-dsDNA antibody, AnuA, IL-6,17,21 levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). Results The serum autoantibody and IL-6, 17, 21 levels of rats in the model group were increased significantly as compared with the blank control group ( P<0.01). The serum antibody and cytokine levels of Chinese medicine groups were reduced as compared with the model group, the difference between high-dose Chinese medicine group and model group being significant ( P<0.01). Conclusion Blood-cooling and blood-stasis-removing Decoction has certain effect on reducing the serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibody, AnuA, and IL-6,17,21, which may coniribute to one of its therapeutic mechanisms for SLE.

Objective:To study the effect of calcium sodium phosphosilicate(CSP)on the enamel remineralization of primary teeth. Methods:30 extracted human healthy primary molars were collected.Each tooth was cut bucco-lingually and mesial-distally into 4 sections.The sections were assigned randomly into 4 groups(n =30).Demineralization and remineralization cyclic model was estab-lished by etching with 35% phosphate acid for 2 min and then treated by unexposure of the sample to nothing(control,group A),so-dium monofluorophosphat(MFP,group B),CSP(group C)and MFP +CSP(group D).The cyclic was repeated twice daily for 30 d. The enamel surface morphology was observed by SEM and the surface microhardness(SMH)was measured.Results:On the tenth day,squamous morphology was observed on the enamel surface of group A and that of group D appeared less demineralization.The SMH value of group D was significant higher than that of group A(P <0.05).On the thirtieth day,obvious demineralization was ob-served in group A.Group B,C and D appeared surface remineralization.The SMH value of group B,C and D was significant higher than that of group A(P <0.05).Highest SMH value was achieved in group D.Conclusion:CSP combined with fluoride is more ef-fective in the enamel remineralization of primary teeth than the single application of them.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and safety of combination of open and laparoscopic surgery in treatment of elderly patients with gallbladder stones combined with common bile duct stones. Methods 140 elderly patients with gallbladder stones combined with common bile duct stones from May 2014 to May 2015 were randomly divided into control group (65 patients) with traditional open surgery and observation group (65 pa﹣tients) with combination surgery; then compared the perioperative clinical indicators, the total removal rate of stone, the postoperative analgesic used rate and postoperative complications incidence of the two groups. Results The oper﹣ation time, intraoperative blood loss volume, the exhaust time for first time and hospital staying time of observation group was significantly better than control group (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total removal rate of stone between the two groups (P> 0.05). The postoperative analgesic used rate of observation group was sig﹣nificantly lower than control group (P< 0.05). The postoperative complications incidence of observation group was significantly lower than control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional open surgery, combination surgery in treatment of elderly patients with gallbladder stones combined with common bile duct stones can efficient﹣ly shorten the operation time, speed up the recovery process, reduce the degree of trauma and postoperative pain and helpful to prevent the postoperative complications.