Objective To investigate the present situation and outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and to analyze the prognostic risk factors.Methods Data were collected from October 2008 till October 2011 using Ustein style.Patients older than 28 days who received CPR were evaluated.Returning of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) more than 24 hours was the primary outcome.Neurological outcome was assessed by pediatric cerebral performance categories half year after discharge.Results Of the 36 patients,15 (41.7％) achieved sustained ROSC.Seven (19.4％) patients survived to discharge.Single factor analysis indicated that the beginning heart rhythm,defibrillation and original disease were significantly different between the two groups(P ＜0.05).The beginning heart rote of the patient in ROSC ＞ 24 h group was mostly sinus bradycardia.Patients who need defibrillation had bad prognosis.Patients with heart disease had a lower rate of ROSC ＞ 24 h.At half year follow-up study,4 patients had 1 or 2 score,1 patient had 4 and 1 had 5 score in the pediatric cerebral performance categories scales.Condusion The successful rate of CPR in our hospital was the same as that in developed country.The beginning heart rhythm,defibrillation and original disease were associated with the outcome.Most of the patients who survived to discharge had a good neurological outcome.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Shen-wu capsule on learning and memory ability and its mechanism in APP transgenic mice. MethodsThe APP 695V717I transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group, Shen-wu low dose group (0.4g/kg·d) and high dose group (1.2g/kg·d). Normal control adopted the same age and background C57BL/6J mice. The animals were administered intragastrically by the drug or water from 4 month old to 10 month old. Morris water maze and object recognition test were performed to measure the learning and memory ability. The content of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain cortex homogenate was detected with RIA,and amyloid plaques were measured with Congo red staining. ResultsIn the Morris water maze test, swimming time and swimming distance of model group were prolonged distinctly(P<0.01). Shen-wu high dose group obviously shortened swimming time(P<0.05). In the object recognition test, the relative time to the new objection in model group was obviously shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05). The relative time to the new objection for Shen-wu high dose group was obviously longer than the model group(P<0.05). The content of soluble Aβ in model group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Shen-wu group decreased the soluble Aβ distinctly(P<0.01). The amyloid plaques were increased in the brain of model mice(P<0.01). Each group of Shen-wu decreased amyloid plaques significantly(P<0.01).ConclusionShen-wu Capsule ameliorated the learning and memory function disorder and decreased Aβ formation in the brain of APP transgenic model mice.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of hospital acquired infection and the associated risk factors.Methods Nine hundred and three hospitalized preterm infants in our neonatal intensive care unit from August 2006 to October 2010 were retrospectively studied.Risk factors of hospital acquired infection were analyzed by single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis method.Site and pathogen of infection were also analyzed.Results One hundred and ten preterm infants developed 123 times of hospital acquired infection.The incidence of hospital acquired infection was 12.2％,and hospital acquired infection patient-day rates was 7.3‰.The mortality was 2.7％.Gestational age less than 32 weeks,birth weight less than 1500 gram,non-invasive ventilation,tracheal intubation,umbilical vein catheter(UVC),peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC),parenteral nutrition were the risk factors of hospital acquired infection.Logistic regression analysis showed mechanical ventilation,UVC and PICC were the main risk factors.The main sites of infection were sepsis(45.5％),low respiratory infection and conjunctivitis.Seventy positive culture samples were obtained.Bacteria were the main pathogen.Fifty percent was gram-staining positive,while 46％ was gram-staining negative.Conclusion It is very important to identify the high risk factors for hospital acquired infection.Standardized management of preterm infants,standardized usage of umbilical vein catheter and peripherally inserted central catheter,minimized usage of intubation would be conductive to reduce the incidence of hospital acquired infection.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum bilirubin level in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and its significance.Methods 164 hospitalized elderly patients,who suffered from acute cerebral infarction within 1 week after onset,were divided into 2 groups according to age:group A aged over 60 years(n=85) and group B aged 40-60 years(n=79),and 66 healthy subjects aged over 40 years were collected as controls(group C).Serum bilirubin levels in all subjects were determined.The ratio of pulse pressure over mean arterial pressure(PP/MAP) in group A and B was calculated.Nerve function scores in the three groups were detected before and after 2 weeks of treatment.Meanwhile,the data of risk factors including blood glucose,blood pressure,blood lipids,smoking and drinking in group A and B were collected.Results Compared with group C,serum total,direct,indirect bilirubin levels were increased in group A and B(both P＜0.01),and the change was smaller in group A than in group B(P＜0.05).The nerve function scores was lower in group A than in group B before and after treatment [(35.2±12.6) vs.(44.3±7.9),(40.7±9.1) vs.(51.3± 4.1),t=5.58,9.73,both P＜0.01],but PP/MAP and the numbers of risk factors were higher in group A than in group B [(0.46±0.06) vs.(0.38±0.06),93.01 vs.71.20,both P＜0.01].There were no significant correlations of serum total,direct and indirect bilirubin levels with nerve function scores in group A or B(all P＞0.05).Conclusions Serum bilirubin level is increased in patients with acute cerebral infarction,but the endogenous antioxidant capacity is decreased because of aging,multiple risk factors and more serious atherosclerosis in elderly patients,and the increment of bilirubin level is relatively smaller in acute cerebral ischemia,leading to the reduced protective effect against stress.Serum bilirubin level may influence the prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

One of the causes of the high cost of pharmaceuticals and the major obstacles to rapidly assessing the bioavailability and risk of a chemical is the lack of experimental model systems. A new pre-treatment technology, in vitro bionic digestion was designed for metal analysis in Lianhua Qingwen capsule. The capsule was digested on 37 degrees C under the acidity of the stomach or intestine, and with the inorganic and organic compounds (including digestive enzymes) found in the stomach or intestine, and then the chyme was obtained. Being similar to the biomembrane between the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, monolayer liposome was used as biomembrane model Affinity-monolayer liposome metals (AMLMs) and water-soluble metals were used for metal speciation analysis in the capsule. Based on the concentration of AMLMs, the main absorption site of trace metals was proposed. The metal total contents or the concentration of AMLMs in the capsule were compared to the nutritional requirements, daily permissible dose and heavy metal total contents from the "import and export of medicinal plants and preparation of green industry state standards". The metal concentrations in the capsule were within the safety baseline levels for human consumption. After in vitro bionic digestion, most of trace metals were absorbed mainly in intestine. The concentration of As, Cd, Pb was 0.38, 0.07, 1.60 mg x kg(-1), respectively, far less than the permissible dose from the "import and export of medicinal plants and preparation of green industry state standards".
Biological Availability ; Capsules ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Digestion ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Models, Biological ; Stomach ; metabolism ; Trace Elements ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics

BACKGROUND:Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) become aging and even die after several passages. Some investigations have shown that telomere has a close correlation with life span of the cells. Whether the ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) could induce the activity of the telomerase, maintain the length of telomere, and finally prolong the life cycle of MSCs without losing their multipotent differentiation capacity is still uncertain.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of the ectopic expression of hTERT on the telomerase activity and cell life cycles of hMSCs.DESIGN: Repetitive measurement trails.SETTING: Research Center of Stem Cell, Zhengzhou University Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Research Center of Stem Cell, Zhengzhou University Medical College from October 2003 to December 2005. hMSCs were obtained from 20 healthy donators from the Department of Pediatric Surgery and Outpatient, the Third and First Affiliated Hospitals of Zhengzhou University. Enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid (pEGFP-C1) and pEGFP-hTERT were provided by Dr. Chantal Autexier of Canada. DH5α strain provided by Dr. Hou Wei-hong, the Key Molecular Medical Laboratory of Zhengzhou University Medical College.METHODS.: Under sterile condition, 2 mL bone marrow of sternum of healthy donors were harvested, and prepared after centrifugalization,dilution and passage.① Transfection of pEGFP-hTERT into hMSCs and the screening and amplification of resistance cloning:The 5th passage cells were seeded in a 24-well plate,and transfected by pEGFP-hTERT with lipofectamine method.The cells were divided into four groups including untransfected group,lipofectamine group,pEGFP-C1 group and pEGFP-hTERT group. Resistance cloning screen and amplification was performed by G418. ②hTERT mRNA expression and detection of telomerase activity:RT-PCR and PCR-ELISA were used to detect the hTERT mRNA expressions of the fifth passage hMSCs transfected with pEGFP-hTERT, and pEGFP-C1, the untransfected tenth passage hMSCs and K562 cells (positive control), and the telomerase activity of the fifth and thirtieth passage hMSCs transfected with pEGFP-hTERT,the fifth pEGFP-C1-transfected cells and the tenth passage untransfected cells. ③Karyotype analysis of hTERT-transfected MSCs: Chromosome analysis was performed by conventional Giemsa staining.④Inducement of differentiation from telomerase-positive MSCs into neuron-like cells and RE-PCR identification:The transfected MSCs were cultured in a medium containing epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, which could induce the cells differentiate into neuron-like cells. The culture solution was changed every 3 days, and the changes in cell growth condition and morphologic characteristics were observed under an inverted microscope. The microtubule associate protein (MAP2) and neurofliament subunit M (NF-M) were identified by RT-PCR.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①hMSCs transfection with different kathion liposomes and the screening and amplification of resistance cloning; ②hTERT mRNA expressions of each group and detection of telomerase activity; ③Karyotype analysis of pEGFP-hTERT-transfected MSCs; ④ Induction of differentiation from telomerase-positive MSCs into neuron-like cells and RE-PCR identification.RESULTS: ①With the decrease of G418 concentration, the cells in the untransfected and lipofectamine groups died, and stably EGFP expressed MSCs were obtained; after G418 screening, there was a cell clone undergone 35 passages and continued to proliferate, whose appearance and growth characteristics were similar to the untransfected MSCs observed under inverted microscope. ②The fifth passage pEGFP-C1-transfected hMSCs and tenth passage untransfected hMSCs remained telomerase-negative, but the K562 and fifth passage hTERT-transfected cells showed positive telomerase activity. ③The telomerase activity of the fifth and thirtieth passage hTERT-transfected cells was positive. ④The hTERT-MSCs at passage 10, 20 and 30 had 23 pairs of chromosomes, and two X chromosomes. So they were still normal diploid with normal chromosome appearance and number. ⑤Many hTERT-transfected MSCs had the typical appearance of neuron-like cells. RT-PCR analysis showed that th expressions of MAP2 and NF-M were increased.CONCLUSION:Ectopic expression of the hTERT gene is found in hMSCs,and can induce the telomerase activity of hMSCs.The ectopic expression of the hTERT gene in hMSCs could extend the life spans of cells and maintain their multipotent differentiation capacity.

BACKGROUND: Stem cells are relatively primitive cells possessing the capabilities of self-renewal, high proliferation and multi-potential differentiation in vivo under certain conditions. Pancreatic stem cells and umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may serve therapeutic purpose clinically, but they are still difficult to culture in vitro at present.OBJECTIVE: To explore the method for isolation, purification and culture of pancreatic stem cells and umbilical cord blood MSCs in vitro and observe their morphological changes during culture in vitro.DESIGN: Completely randomized experiment with repeated measurement.SETTING: Stem Cell Research Center, Teaching and Research Division of Physiology, Medical School of Zhengzhou University.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the Stem Cell Research Center, Teaching and Research Division of Physiology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, between April 2004 and January 2005. Ten to fifteen newborn SD rats (1-3 days) were selected for culture in vitro of pancreatic stem cells, and fresh umbilical cord blood was collected from healthy woman (24-35 years old, with informed consent) at full-term delivery for culture in vitro of umbilical blood SMCs.METHODS: The abdomen of the newborn SD rat was opened under aseptic condition to obtain the pancreas, which was cut into small tissue blocks and digested with type-V collagenase for islet isolation. The isolated islets were purified in continuous roller-bottle culture. Umbilical cord blood was freshly collected for isolating the monocytes by means of density gradient centrifugation in lymphocyte separation medium (with density of 1.077 g/cm3). The islet cells and umbilical cord blood monocytes were cultured in the incubator at 37 ℃ with 5% CO2. The morphological changes of the cells were observed at designed time points and flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of cell surface molecules.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The isolation and culture of pancreatic stem cells and umbilical cord blood MSCs, and their morphological changes during culture in vitro.RESULTS: During culture in vitro, the fusiform islet progenitor cells showed adherent polar growth and continuous proliferation, which covered the whole bottom of the flask after 12-14 days and could be subcultured for passages. However round cells appeared after removal of the growth factor and serum in the culture medium. The monocytes isolated from the umbilical cord blood grew initially into numerous hematopoietic cell clones, most of which proved to be granulocyte clones by Switzerland staining. Seven days later, flat flask wall-adhering epithelial cells and long fusiform fibroblasts were observed mixed with a number of osteoclasts. As the cell culture was prolonged, the cell number increased steadily.CONCLUSION: Pancreatic stem cells and umbilical cord blood SMCs can be cultured in vitro for further experiments.

Humans ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; TRPC Cation Channels ; Vasodilation