Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, etiology and risk factors of chronic pancreatitis guided by the M-ANNHEIM classification of chronic pancreatitis and to evaluate the validity and clinical significance of this classification. Methods A review of clinical data of inpatients in our hospital from December 2007 to December 2009 was conducted. The classification was carried out according to the pancreatitis were enrolled. There were 256 adult patients and 51 children and adolescent patients (age of onset<18 yr). Among these cases, 129(42%) reported a drinking history. 110 cases (35.8%) had a smoking history, 31 cases (10.1%) presented with hyperlipoidemia. 12 cases had some factors related to pancreatic duct such as pancreas divisum, pancreas trauma. There were 231 (75.2%) cases with calcification of pancreas, 45 (14.7%) with exocrine insufficiency (steatorrhea), 58 (18.9%) with endocrine dysfunction (diabetes mellitus), 32 (10.4%) underwent pancreatic surgeries, and 39 (12.7%) with pancreatic pseudocysts, biliary obstruction, pancreatic cancer and other severe complications. The M-ANNHEIM clinical staging of chronic pancreatitis was: no case in stage 0, 220(71.7%) cases in stage Ⅰ , 69(22.5%) cases in stage Ⅱ ,12(3.9%) cases in stage Ⅲ and 6 cases in stage Ⅳ. The mean value of the M-ANNHEIM score and severity index was 7.78,69 (22.5%) cases were in the minor level, 174 (56.7%) were in the increased level,62(20.2%) cases were in the advanced level. Conclusions The M-ANNHEIM classification of chronic pancreatitis is a simple, objective, accurate and noninvasive tool in clinical practice. This new classification system will be helpful for investigating the impact and interaction of various risk factors on the course of the disease.

Objective To evaluate tension-free repair in the management of recurrent inguinal hernia. Methods From 1/1993 to 12/2002, 163 patients with recurrent inguinal hernia underwent reoperation, clinical data were reviewed. Results The male: female ratio was 138: 25, age from 34 to 76 years. The primary surgery had been traditional hemiorrhaphy without prothesis in 142 cases (87. 1 % , including 65 cases of Bassini ,35 cases of McWay and 42 cases of Shouldice) , a tension-free procedure in 12 cases(7. 4% , including 3 cases of laparoscopic mesh repair) and unknown techniques in 9 cases(5. 5% ). The average interval from the initial surgery to recurrence was 36?14 months (range from 3 months to 10 years). Recurrent hernias were treated with a Shouldice repair in 71 cases(43. 6% ) , a tension-free repair in 92 cases(56. 4% , including a laparoscopic mesh repair in 3 cases). All these 163 cases(100% ) were followed up for 56 ?1 months (range from 30 months to 12 years) after the second surgery. It was found that after reoperation the recurrence rate of Shouldice procedure and tension-free repair was 16. 1% (11/71) and 2. 2% (2/92) respectively (x2 = 8. 327 ,P

[ABSTRACT]AIM:Toinvestigatetheapplicabilityanddegradabilityoftheantigen-extractedxenogeneicbone carrying recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( rhBMP-2) as a scaffold in repairing the mandibular defect in vivo.METHODS:New Zealand rabbits (n=28) with 28 mandibular defects were divided into 3 groups at random:anti-gen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone /rhBMP-2 group (group A), antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone group ( group B ) and blank control group ( group C ) .Twelve bone defects each in group A and group B were classified into 3 time points (4, 8 and 12 weeks).Observation in general, X-ray test and hematoxylin and eosin staining and bone density measurement were conducted on each rabbit in group A and group B .Four bone defects were classified into group C .Ob-servation in general , X-ray test and hematoxylin and eosin staining were also conducted on each rabbit in group C .RE-SULTS:The X-ray showed that the implanted materials were degraded after a period of time , and were replaced by autoge-nous bone.At the 12th week, the implanted materials in group A were entirely degraded and replaced by autogenous bone . The bone density measurement showed that the bone density was enhanced after implantation .At the 12th week, there was an obvious difference between group A and group B .The hematoxylin and eosin staining showed there were more neovascu-larization, new fibrosis and new bone formation in group A than those in group B .The implanted material in group A de-graded much faster than that in group B .The significant difference in the new bone area ratio between the 2 groups among all weeks was observed .CONCLUSION: An antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone has good biocompatibility , which can act as a scaffold in bone repairment .It is the carrier of rhBMP-2 to continue the bone formation .Therefore, anti-gen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone is a kind of good material for bone repairment .

Objective To investigate the difference between the blood pressure readings between sitting and supine position,and to study the factors that associated with the sitting-supine blood pressure difference in patient with diabetes.Methods We measured the sitting blood pressure first then followed by the supine pressure in 356 diabetic patients,using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer.Patient's body weight,height and blood glucose levels were also measured.Results SBP and DBP were significantly higher in the supine position than in sitting position in diabetic patients(by 3.5?7.6/1.5?4.9 mm Hg,P

Objective To investigate the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the disruption of tight junctions in rat glomerular endothelial cells (rGEnCs) and the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in this pathological procedure.Methods Primary cultured rGEnCs were incubated with AGEs at concentrations of 20 mg/L,40 mg/L and 80 mg/L,for 6 h,12 h and 24 h respectively.The cells were treated with captopril (1 mmol/L) or valsartan (10 μ mol/L)to block RAS.The endothelial permeability was investigated by transendothelial electrical resistance and the flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated bovine serum albumin.The expression of AGEs receptor (RAGE),tight junction proteins [occludin,claudin-5,junctional adhesion molecules A (JAM-A) and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1)]and RAS components [angiotensinogen,renin and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1)]were detected by Western blotting.Immunofluorescence was used to demonstrate the disruptions of the tight junction proteins.The activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was evaluated by UV spectrophotometry.Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) was measured by enzyme immunoassay.Results The monolayer permeability,the expression of RAGE,the activity of ACE,the concentration of Ang Ⅱ and the expression of AT1 of rGEnCs were increased after induced by AGEs.Meanwhile,AGEs decreased the expression of occludin,claudin5 and JAM-A and induced disruption of tight junction proteins.Pretreatment with anti-RAGE antibody (100 mg/L),captopril or valsartan could attenuate the detrimental effect of AGEs.Conclusion The changes of permeability induced by AGEs in glomerular endothelial cells are partly mediated by RAS through RAGE.

AIM: To study the protective effects of Xiaoyan Lidan Tablet(Herba Andrographis,Herba Rabdosiae serrae,Radix Sophorae Flavescentis,etc) on acute hepatic injury in rats. METHODS: Acute hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal(ip) injection of carbon tetrachloride and D-galactosamine,respectively.The levels of ALT,AST,ALP,TBA,total bilirubin(T-Bil),total protein (TP) and albumin(ALB) in serum were analyzed.The body weight,liver weight,spleen weight and thymus weight of each rat were measured.The hepatic glycogen content was analyzed individually.Liver tissue pathology was observed. RESULTS: Xiayan Lidan Tablet can decrease ALT,AST,ALP,TBA and T-Bil in serum,reduce necrosis in pathological observation. CONCLUSION: Xiaoyan Lidan Tablet gives the protective effects to acute hepatic injury induced by CCl_4 and D-Gal in rats.

Objective To explore the carry rate and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) among primary school students.Methods Nasal swab samples were collected from healthy primary school students in Guangzhou.Antibiotic susceptibility testing was applied to test S.aureus strains.Results The overall carriage rate of S.aureus,methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) and multi-drug-resistant S.aureus (MDRSA) among 1 012 primary school students were 40.1％,1.2％ and 4.0％,respectively.Most S.aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin,erythromycin and clindamycin.The dominant multidrug resistance patterns of MDRSA isolates were resistant to erythromycin-clindamycin-tetracycline and erythromycin-clindamycin-cefoxitin.Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis showed that the rate of resistance to cefoxitin,tetracycline and chloromycetin among MDRSA was 104.39 times as much as that of nonMDRSA.Conclusions The carriage rate of S.aureus in healthy primary school students from Guangzhou was high and these isolates showed multidrug resistance.These data provide basis for guiding the rational use of antibiotics.

Guinea pigs were given orally with a daily dose of 0.5 mg ascorbic acid per 100 g body weight 20 days before and 4 days after a whole-body r-irradiation and then injected subcutaneously with 10 mg ascorbic acid at 24 hours intervals. During the injection period, the daily urinary output of total ascorbic acid in the animals irradiated with 500 or 1000 r was significantly higher than that in controls, but the difference of 24 hours excretions of total ascorbic acid between the group irradiated with 150 or 250 r and the control group was not statistically significant.As shown in the urinary output of dehydroascorbic acid and diketo- gulonic acid estimated by our modified Roe's method, r-irradiation has no effect on its excretion in guinea pigs and rats.The levels of ascorbic acid in plasma, spleen and adrenals were significantly lower in the irradiated group than in the control group, but might increase with the increase of the injected dose of ascorbic acid.

Objective To improve the usage of foam dressing at the sacrococcygeal region and observe its application effect. Methods A total of 80 hospitalized patients with high risk of pressure ulcer were chosen during May to December 2015 as study objects. Patients were drawn into the observation group and the control group, each group contained 40 members. Proper-cutting foam dressings and normal foam dressing were applied in patients by the observation group and the control group individually. Researchers made records by comparing and analyzing the usage time of dressing and the skin intact of two groups. Results The observation group used foam dressing (1.88±0.12) blocks per person, foam dressing use time was (3.87±0.34) d per block, and in the control group, they were (2.60±0.38) blocks per person, (2.13±0.89) d per block, there was significant difference between two groups (t=11.427, 11.551, P<0.05). The skin integrity rate of the observation group and the control group were 95.0%(38/40) and 75.0%(30/40), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.275, P<0.05). Conclusions This study shows that the foam dressing need to be cut appropriately before pasting so that the clinical nurses can observe patient's skin conveniently. Once the skin has pressure red, the nurse can take timely measures to deal with it, which can decrease the incidence of pressure sores. The cutting dressing prolongs the period of using without removing the viscose part, which also can reduce the medical expenses.

Objective To explore the efficiency of continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS) and blood glucose self-monitoring (SMBG)in evaluating blood glucose excursion in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complicated with pregnancy. Methods Twenty-five patients having suffered from T1DM complicated with pregnancy were selected randomly during June 2012 to July 2015. All subjects underwent blood glucose monitoring by CGMS and SMBG for 72 h, including the data of blood glucose before meal, 2 h post-meal blood glucose (2hBG) and blood glucose at 2:00 AM. Results The level of the highest blood glucose in CGMS was significantly higher than that in SMBG:(10.60 ± 2.11) mmol/L vs. (7.50 ± 1.18) mmol/L, P<0.01. The level of the lowest blood glucose in CGMS was significantly lower than that in SMBG:(3.60 ± 1.06) mmol/L vs. (4.50 ± 1.15) mmol/L, P<0.01. The level of mean blood glucose in CGMS and SMBG had no significant difference:(7.20 ± 1.18) mmol/L vs. (7.30 ± 1.15) mmol/L, P>0.05. The rate of hypoglycemia(blood glucose<3.3 mmol/L) in CGMS was 4.6%, and in SMBG was 1.9%. Through adjusting the treatment by CGMS, the blood glucose before meal, 2hBG and blood glucose at 2:00 AM at 49-72 h were significantly lower than that at 0-24 h (P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with SMBG, CGMS has a relatively larger blood glucose monitoring range and can sensitively evaluate blood glucose excursion, CGMS provides a scientific basis to develop a more rational and effective strategies for controlling diabetes.