OBJECTIVE:To research how to successfully convert prescribed drug into OTC and to predict the conversion prospect.METHODS:Several prescribed drug-OTC conversion cases in some countries of the world were introduced and the reasons for success or failure were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIN:The strategy of successful conversion of prescribed drug into OTC is recommended.The conversion prospect depends on the future development trend of a series of factors.

Objective To investigate the biomechanical properties of principal tensile trabecular bone in proximal femur and provide experimental evidences explaining the osteonecrosis of femoral head resulting from femoral neck fracture.Methods Eight human cadaveric femurs,with no deformities,fractures,and other lesions,were selected.The principal tensile trabecular bone system was devided into three parts from the exterior to the interior.Specimens were taken in each part along or perpendicular to the direction of principal tensile trabecular,respectively.Mechanics tests were performed by BOSE Enduratec ELF 3200.The ultimate tensile and compressive strength,yield tensile and compressive strength and elastic modulus of principal tensile trabecular bone in proximal femur were obtained.Results The tensile properties were higher than compressive properties in exterior parts,especially the tensile biomechanical properties along the direction of principal tensile were significantly higher than the compressive biomechanical properties in that direction.In the meddle part,the compressive properties were higher than the tensile properties both along the directions of principal compression and principal tension.In the interior part,the compressive properties were higher than the tensile properties along the direction of principal compressive trabecular bones,the tensile properties were higher than the compressive properties along the direction of principal tensile trabecular bone.Conclusion The major function of exterior part of principal tensile trabecular bone is loading tensile stress,that of the middle part is loading compressive stress,and that of the interior part is loading compressive stress along the direction of principal compression,while the major function along the direction of principal tensile trabecular bone is loading tensile stress,which indicate that the structure of trabecular bone is anisotropic and adapted to its function.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Dust ; analysis ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Industry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Quartz ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of AMN107 (nilotinib) combined with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells and its mechanism. Proliferative rate of cells treated with AMN107 (10 µmol/L) and ZnPPIX (10 µmol/L) alone or both for different time was observed by MTT and trypan blue methods; the expression of HO-1 in the control group, ZnPPIX (10 µmol/L) group, AMN107 (10 µmol/L) group, AMN107 (10 µmol/L) combined with ZnPPIX (10 µmol/L) group was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot at 48 h. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI double staining at 48 h. The results showed that the strongest inhibition of cell proliferation was detected in combined group, and in a time-dependent manner; the expression level of HO-1 was lowest in combined group; the cell apoptosis rates were (11.38 ± 0.02)%, (17.44 ± 0.08)%, (39.81 ± 0.07)% and (56.46 ± 0.19)% in the control group, ZnPPIX group, AMN107 group, AMN107 combined with ZnPPIX group at 48 h respectively. It is concluded that the second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor AMN107 can induce the apoptosis in CML cells. Inhibition of HO-1 expression can enhance the killing effect of AMN107 on CML cells, which provides experimental evidence to further improve the clinical efficacy of CML treatment.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; pathology ; Protoporphyrins ; pharmacology ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology

Marine Actinobacteria are emerging as new resources for bioactive natural products with promise in novel drug discovery. In recent years, the richness and diversity of marine Actinobacteria from the South China Sea and their ability in producing bioactive products have been investigated. The objective of this work is to isolate and identify bioactive secondary metabolites from a marine actinobacterium SCSIO 1934 derived from sediments of South China Sea. The strain was identified as a Streptomyces spieces by analyzing its 16S rDNA sequence. Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 1934 was fermented under optimized conditions and seven bioactive secondary metabolites were isolated and purified by chromatographic methods including colum chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated as 17-O-demethylgeldanamycin (1), lebstatin (2), 17-O-demethyllebstatin (3), nigericin (4), nigericin sodium salt (5), abierixin (6), respectively, by detailed NMR spectroscopic data (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC and HMBC). This work provided a new marine actinobacterium Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 1934, capable of producing diverse bioactive natural products.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; China ; DNA, Ribosomal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Geologic Sediments ; microbiology ; Oceans and Seas ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Streptomyces ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of MSCT and urological imaging (CTU), the post-processing technology application in renal tuberculosis. Methods Retrospectively analsis CT and CTU scanning performance, ap-plication multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), curved surface reconstruction (CPR), maximum density projection (MIP) and volume reconstruction (VR) post-processing technology of 30 cases of renal tuberculosis, which were confirmed by clin-ical or pathologically, analysis image characteristics of renal tuberculosis in different periods. Results CT performance of renal tuberculosis had its typical characteristic in different periods, early typical performance as multiple cystiform hypodense shadows as petal shaped arrangement, calcification and kidney shape changes, the late showed the kidney seeper, since the kidney, kidney damage and renal week invasion, etc. Conclusion Renal tuberculosis has its character-istics in MSCT scanning especially CTU examination, and there is a special value to the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the determinants of average length of stay of three county hospitals and eleven countryside hospitals of Xinjiang province.MethodsRelative data of the county and the countryside hospitals from 2009 to 2010 were collected,and descriptive analysis and rank sum test were employed to explore the determinants of average length of stay.ResultsThe average length of stay of the county hospital was longer than the countryside hospital,the average length of stay had significant differences between the gender,age,and the disease classfication.ConclusionThe average length of stay of the county hospitals and countryside hospitals had difference significantly.