To analyze the failure reasons for application of Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and discuss their roles in improving the gain rate. By the retrospective method the failure reasons for natural nature science foundation were analyzed in Beijing Neurosurgery Institute from 2004 to 2008, and set up corresponding measures. Through summarizing the feed back opinions of 45 of application failure pro-jects it was found that the failures were dealt with insufficient of reliability, basis for argumentation , objec-tive ambiguous, personnel allocation unreseasonable and no time guarantee for project pedormance. A higher gain rate could be achieved by analyzing the failure reasons and making corresponding countermeasures.

Objective To investigate the role of "science and technology new star"program in the development of young neurosurgeons and neurosurgery career by analyzing its grantees and their achievements ffects in Beijing Neurosurgical institute from 1993 to 2007.Method Retrospectively analyzing the collected data including the projects accomplished or not,scientific research output,self-improvement,and talent cultivation from 18 neurosurgeons who were granted by "science and technology new star"program.Result The average age of 18 new stsrs is 33 years old.Among them,one is a leader of the institute and8 persons are directors of the division. 13 new stars have finished the projects.Their scientific research findings were rewarded for 21 men-times,12 persons of them were awarded the Beijing city prize or higher rank prize.They published more than 180 papers,including 35 SCI papers.7 persons as principle investigators are in charge of the projects of national natural science foundation or other national research projects,and 15 people obtain other foundations' support.Conclusion The "science and technology new star" program have a very important effect on growth of neurosurgery talent,founding dominant subjects and talent cultivation.Strengthening the management of this program is beneficial to induce the young talents' activity and creativity and promote the development of neurosurgery and the talent growth.

Objective The purpose of this report is to improve the recovery rate of diseases by integrating the advantages of mature treatment programs,with the method of diseases heterogeneity research.Methods Two programs (each program consist of effective group and invalid group) were took into investigation to study the characteristics of heterogeneity.If it showed that heterogeneous differences exist between the two effective groups,then we would treat the patients in different ways.Results The total effective rate of heterogeneous treatment was better than that of current optimal treatments.Conclusion Heterogeneous treatment could be applied to all diseases,either to TCM or to western medicine diseases.If the heterogeneous treatment can be popularized,it would improve the recovery rate of diseases surely.

Research of diseases' heterogeneity is a study method,which is based on the current ideas of single-program of clinical research,by means of searching the heterogeneous feature that corresponding to therapeutic schedule,optimizing and integrating the mature treatment programs,and aiming to improve diseases' recovery rate.Its characteristic is that it can integrate the advantages of current mature treatment programs,and make optimal effect.In this paper,we put forward the background,methods and ideas in the research of diseases' heterogeneity.

There are two treatments of A and B for disease X,if B replaced A,some patients that effective originally may become invalid.That is,the new drugs can increase the efficiency but may keep the effective patients out of the crowd at the same time.In this paper,we put forward the method of cake segmentation based on the principle of diseases' heterogeneity,optimize and make up the effective programs at present.The treatment based on diseases' heterogeneity will replace the best medicines currently,and format new treatments.

Syndrome differentiation of prescription is a more practical,simple and effective method which is distinguished from syndrome differentiation with eight principals,syndrome differentiation of viscera and syndrome differentiation of Wei Qi Ying Xue.However,after the ages of classical prescriptions,most of the current prescriptions,even ones from many experienced herb doctors' experiences,were seldom to summarize the syndrome corresponding to the prescription so precisely and to obtain reliable effect like the classical prescriptions.In this paper,by the research of diseases heterogeneity,we hope to excavate the syndrome which can correspond to the prescriptions of Chinese herbs and to set up a lot of prescriptions that can combine prescription and syndrome perfectly just like the classical ones in order to guide clinical treatment more conveniently and effectively.

Objective:To investigate the expression of CXCR4/CXCL12 and effect on the expression of CXCR4 by hypoxia in trophoblasts of human first trimester gestation.Methods:To detect the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in placental tissue and primary cytotrophoblasts by immunohistochemistry and to assess the level of CXCR4mRNA under the condition of hypoxia in the trophoblasts of first trimester gestation by reas-time PCR.Results:The expression of CXCR4/CXCL12 were detected in the villous column,blood vessels and trophoblasts in the early pregnancy;CXCR4 mRNA was significantly higher through 12,24,48 and 72 h incubation periods in the hypoxic condition than that under normal oxygen condition respectively.Conclusion:Human first trimester trophoblasts produced CXCR4/CXCL12,which may play important biological role on the normal human pregnancy;Hypoxia could regulate the expression of CXCR4,which may contribute to the physiological pregnancy process.

With the development of minimally invasive surgical technology, laparoscopic cholecysteeto-my, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanereatography, endoscopic sphincterotomy and choledochoscopy were applied increasingly in the clinical practice. Based on the domestic and foreign literatures, this article re-viewes these minimally invasive surgical technologies.

ObjectiveTo determine whether the β2-agonist, clenbuterol, can improve recovery of locomotor function following spinal cord injury.MethodsThe spinal cords of rats were contused with a weight-drop apparatus similar to the NYU impactor at the lever of T10. Locomotor function was determined with the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) Scale. Following 6 weeks of behavioral evaluation, the spinal cords were received histological examination.ResultsClenbuterol improved the recovery of locomotor function and increased the amount of spared spinal cord tissue.ConclusionClenbuterol caused the enhancement of recovery of locomotor function and spared spinal cord tissue following contusion.

For investigation on the lactose absorption and tolerance in milk and yogurt, 30 healthy adults were tested by a non-invasive and sensitive hydrogen breath test after drinking half a pound of each daily separately. The results showed that 4 persons absorbed the lactose in the milk completely (13.3%), but 26 showed malabsorption (86.7%), among them, 1 case was slight malabsorption (3.3%), 16 moderate (53.3%) and 9 severe in degree (30%). The intolerance rate and intolerance index of lactose in milk were 53.3% and 0.9; but 6.7% and 0.067 in yogurt respectively.The milk lactose intolerant person expired more hydrogen as 60.34?30.57 ml, while drinking yogurt the hydrogen dropped to 14.97 ?33.64ml (P