The pathomorphological changes of the brain in 58 autopsies of burn patients were observed.It was found that there were degeneration and/or necrosis of the neurons,satellitosis of the neurons,neuronophagia,loss of Purkinje cells and granular cells of the cerebellum,focal proliferation of glial cells,perivascular collars of lymphocytes,edema and softening of brain tissues,etc.On the basis of these findings,the concept of postburn meningoencephalitics was put forward by the authors and the occurrence,development and significance of the important pathological lesions were briefly discussed.

Observations on the developement of pathological changes of rat brain, together with dynamic detection of CN- concentrations in blood and brain tissue and quantitive analysis of brain cytochrome oxidase activity, are carried out within 24 h after acute cyanide intoxication (4.5mg/kg i.p.) . The results indicate that in the cyanide poisoning with the dose under lethality (80%LD) , the pathological changes in rat brain appear, especially in cytochrome oxidase poorly- contained areas, including! 1 ) degeneration and necrosis of neurons and gliocytes; 2) degeneration, swelling and lysis of different cell projection components; 3) the myelinoclasis of myelinated nerve fibers. Those changes undergo a dynamic course divided into three phases: 1 ) the phase of metabolic disturbance; 2) of response to injury; and 3) of restoration. The authors consider that the acute poisoning displayed by the animal after NACN injection is directly caused by the intense inhibation of brain cytochrome oxidase; the secondary lesions of brain structure may be responsible for the manifestations such as trembling, unstable, and ataxia etc.occur later. The mechanisms of the brain pathological changes after cyanide intoxication are also disscussed.

OBJECTIVE: Animal experiments prove that alcohol may cause adipo-accumulation in femoral head and then induce osteonecrosis,but its mechanism of action is not known. NIH 3T3 fibroblast is a kind of pluripotent stem cell.There are not relative reports on the effect of alcohol on NIH 3T3fibroblast at present.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of alcohol on the differentiation of NIH 3T3 fibroblast into adipocyte and the influence of that on the expression of adipogenic transcription factor-peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ).DESIGN: Single sample observation.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College,Zhengzhou University and Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Laboratory of Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University from April 2002 to June 2003.NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were provided by the Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics,University of Virginia Hospital.METHODS: The NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were divided into 6 groups randomly.The alcohols (volume fraction was 0.998) with the dosage 0(control group),0.03,0.06,0.09,0.15,0.21 mol/L were added respectively to the NIH 3T3 fibroblasts daily.The mixtures were cultured for 14 days and then stained with Sudan Ⅳ .The percentage of adipocyte was determined with image analysis software of computer,Image Pro Plus 4.1.The expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was determined with the technology of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.alcohol and control groups.RESULTS: The cells were processed with the alcohols of progressive inpercentages of adipocytes in all the alcohol groups were 11.9% ,23.8%,28.2% ,31.1% ,42.6% respectively and 1.2,2.5,2.9,3.2,4.4 times that in control group(9.6%) respectively. The differences between 0.03 mol/L alcohol group and control group were not significant (P ＞ 0.05),but the differences between the other 4 groups and control group,0.03 mol/L alcohol ues of PPAR-γ mRNA to 18S gene in the cells of all the groups were 0.218,0.411,0.486,0.473,0.453 respectively and were 1.1,2.1,2.5,2.4,2.3times that in control group (0.197) respectively. The differences between 0.03 mol/L alcohol group and control group were not significant(P ＞ 0.05),but the differences between the other 4 groups and control group and 003 mol/L alcohol group were significant extremely(P ＜ 0.001).CONCLUSION: Alcohol can induce differentiations of a large quantity of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts into adipocytes directly, which might be one of the factors of lipotrophy in bone marrow wheri alcohol-induced osteonecrosis happens.

Objective The mechanism of osteonecrosis induced by alcohol was not clear, lipoidosis in bone cell could be one of reasons to cause osteonecrosis. The study was to observe the effect of alcohol on the adipocyte-specific gene, 422 (aP2), and osteoblastic gene, type-I collagen of marrow stromal cells in vitro experimentally. Methods The primary marrow stromal cells of the femur of 6 to 8 weeks mouse were procured and cultured in DMEM culture fluids, and the samples were isolated after adherent growth culture in vitro. The cells were divided into two groups, one of which was experimental group treated with 0.09 mol/L alcohol added with the culture fluids once for two days; another one was control group. The mixed culture discontinued 10 days later, the cells were collected after the combined handling of 0.22% EDTA and 0.25% trypsinase, and the concentration of the cell suspension was adjusted to 1?109/L. A volume of 10 ?L of the cells suspension was dropped on the nitric cellulose membrane. The expression level of 422(aP2) and type-I collagen mRNA in the cells were investigated by means of intact cell RNA dot blot hybridization. Results The expression scanning value of the dot blot hybridization of 422(aP2)mRNA was 7 207.8?331.3 in the experimental group, that were as 11 times as that in the control group( 652.2?62.6), the difference was statistical significant between the two groups (P

The main pathological changes of hypoxia in the myocardium were lysis or necrosis of the myocardium.hyperplasia or swelling of myocardial mitochondria,and swelling.increase of pinocytic vesicles in number,and appearance of tubules and villus-like eminences in the endothelial cells of myocardial capillaries:And those in the lungs were thickening of the wall and narrowing of the lumen of pulmonary arterioles,and swelling or appearance of proteinous material in the connec- tive tissue around pulmonary venules.After the treatment with dilthiazem.the pathological lesions were decreased in number or diminished in severity.In addition,the pathological mechanisms of hy-poxia and the therapeutic efficacy of dilthiazem were discussed.

Objective To report arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with iliotibial tract autograft and gracilis tendon by Moriya s method and to evaluate its clinical results. Methods The iliotibial tract autograft of about one third length was dissected with the tibial attachment kept. Then the trimmed gracilis tendon was wrapped in the iliotibial tract to reconstruct ACL. 16 patients (12 males and 4 females) were treated in this way. The anterior drawer test and the Lachman s test were all positive before operation, indicating that anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of ACL were totally broken, which was proved by arthroscopy. Results All patients were followed up for 4 to 17 months (mean 9 months). According to the criteria for knee ligament function evaluation set up by Japanese Association of Orthopaedics( JOA) , 10 patients scored ≥ 90 points, 5 patients 80 to 90 points, and 1 patient ≤ 80 points.The excellent and good rate was 93.75% . Conclusion Iliotibial tract autograft transfer with gracilis tendon to reconstruct ACL under arthroscopy boasts convenience in harvesting grafts, simplicity in performance and excellent results, without evidence of damaging extension and flexion tendons of the knee or causing patellofemoral pain. [

Objective To evaluate therapeutic effect of transluminal angioplasty and stenting on arteriosclerosis related iliac arterial occlusive disease. Methods This retrospective study included a total of 61 cases (76 limbs) with iliac arterial atherosclerotic occlusive disease, grading as TASC A (n =29),B (n = 16), C (n = 11) and D (n = 5). Percutaneous interventional reconstruction and stent implantation were carried out in our hospital from December 2002 to December 2008. Results In 61 patients (76 lesions) 63 stents were implanted successfully with the success rate of 93% (71/76). The rate of clinical improvement was 100% among the patients who had primary technical success. The ankle-branchial index (ABI) improved from an average of 0. 33 ± 0. 17 before intervention to 0. 72 ± 0. 20 on the day following intervention (P < 0. 05). All cases were followed up between 6 month and 60 month. One year patency rate in all treated lesions was 90% (92% in the TASC A and B, 84% in the TASC C and D).Three year patency rate in all was 75% (80% in the TASC A and B, 63% in the TASC C and D). Five year patency rate was 72%. Conclusion There is a tendency towards utilizing transluminal angioplasty and stenting to treat iliac arterial occlusive disease as a therapy instead of traditional vascular surgery.

In 2007, Transatlantic Cooperation Society Consensus Ⅱ(TASCⅡ) Conference Guideline has divided the aortoiliac artery and femoral popliteal artery diseases into 4 types , suggesting that endovascular treatment should be employed for TASC-A type lesions, individualized therapy should be adopted for TASC-B and TASC-C type lesions when a variety of factors are taken into consideration , and surgical treatment should be used for TASC-D type lesions. In recent years, along with the development of imaging technique and material science as well as the improvement of interventional operator ’s skill, the mini-invasive interventional therapy has been more and more performed for the relatively complex TASC-D type aortoiliac artery and femoral popliteal artery occlusive diseases , and satisfactory clinical curative effect has been achieved. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the current situation of endovascular treatment for lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans of TASC-D type in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Gene transfer to study the effect of a exogenous gene on cells is a commonly used technique for molecular biology. Compared with viral vector,pcDNA4.0-TGF-?1 eukaryotic expression plasmid transfection has no inherent toxicity or cytotoxicity,with high safety. OBJECTIVE: To construct and identify eukaryotic expression plasmid carrying recombined TGF-?1 by cloning transforming growth factor (TGF)-?1 gene. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: The in vitro cell experiment was performed at the Opening Laboratory of Key Clinical Medical Sciences,Henan Provincial High-learning School from March 2007 to February 2008. MATERIALS: Clean healthy Sprague Dawley rats aged 2 months,of both gender,were used for isolating RNA from cells. METHODS: The TGF-?1 mRNA was extracted from the rat bone marrow cells,and amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and cloned into the pGEM-T-vector and identified by PCR. Then TGF-?1 gene was subcloned into pcDNA4.0 plasmid vector. The inserting DNA sequences were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of TGF-?1 cDNA,pGEM-T-TGF-?1 and recon pcDNA4.0-TGF-?1. RESULTS: There was an obvious electrophoresis strip of TGF-?1 cDNA by RT-PCR. The obtained pGEM-T-TGF-?1 was confirmed correct with PCR amplification and sequence identification. Recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA4.0-TGF-?1 was obtained and identified by digestion. The inserted sequences were conformity to the designed sequences. CONCLUSION: Rat TGF-?1 gene has been successfully cloned,and recombinant TGF-?1 eukaryotic expression vector has been constructed successfully.

Stem cells transplantation had been proved to be effective in many clinical diseases. However, microenvi-ronment can influence their growth, migration and differentiation. Under chemical microenvironment, such as hypoxia, neu-ral growing factors and different kinds of ions, stem cells had been intensively studied while little is known about their perfor-mance under physical microenvironment. The effects of mechanical forces, elasticity and rigidity of the matrix of stem cells are still to be further investigated. This article is to summarize how microenvironment controls the fate of stem cells and to re-view the measurement of the mechanical properties.