Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause of children chronic cough,especially in those aged 1 ～ 6 years.It is defined by the presence of persistent wet cough for longer than 4 weeks,but lacks of symptoms or signs of other alternative diagnosis of chronic cough.It shows a normal or near-normal chest radiograph,a intense neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and a chronic purulent bronchitis under bronchochoscopy,and usually resolves after two-week course of appropriate oral antibiotic (usually amoxicillin-clavulanatc).So far,PBB hasn't been fully recognized by most pediatricians,and often been unrecognised or misdiagnosed as asthma.In this paper,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.

The mental health state of the 256 fourth-year medical students of Kunming Medical College was preliminarily analyzed by requiring. The students fill in the inquiry sheets (questionare) in a question-and-answer way. The ages of these 136 male and 120 female students ranged from 19 to 23 years old, and the self-desiged 109 items of the investigation were induced into 8 aspects related to the mental health such as the outlook on life etc. The result showed that these are differences between the mental health state of the senior medical students and the traditional ideas, morality, manners of education etc. Some initial points of view were put toward.

Glucosylceramide synthase(GCS) plays an important role in ceramide metabolism and can block apoptosis signal pathway which is mediated by ceramide. Recently, studies have demonstrated that overex-pression of GCS exists in various muhidrug resistant cancer cell lines and is related to drug resistant pheno-type. A possible connection between GCS and P-gp is also suggested. Moreover,the level of GCS can be down-regulated to increase tumor cells sensitivity by chemical inhibitor and RNA interference. Thus, inhibition of ac-tivity and expression of GCS is a new mechanism of reversing muhidrug resistance.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Ligustrazine on pulmonary fibrosis caused by hyperoxia in neonatal rats.Met-hods Eighty Sprague-Dawley(SD)clean neonatal rats,which were less than 12 hours old,were enrolled in this study.The neonatal rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:air-exposed control group(group A);air-exposed plus Ligustrazine-treated group(group B);hype-roxia-exposed control group(group C);hyperoxia-exposed plus Ligustrazine-treated group(group D).The neonatal rats of group B and group D were intraperitoneally injected with Ligustrazine[30 mg/(kg?d)] in solution of normal saline(NS),group A and group C were intraperitoneally given the same dose of NS.On 14th day,10 rats of each group were randomly chosen and then killed,the pulmonary pathological changes were observed by HE staining under light microscope.The area percentages of collagen fibers were measured by Masson staining and imaging analysis.The degree of pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated by the area percentages of collagen fibers and hydroxyproline content.The results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results On the 14th day of the exposure,the histopathologic examination demonstrated broadened lung interstitium and reduced alveolar quantity and lung fibrosis were developed in group C;Ligustrazine treatment obviously alle-viated the changes of lung histomorphology.The newborn rats in group C had lower body weight compared that of with group A,B(Pa0.05).Conclusion Early use of Ligustrazine can decrease the severity of the pulmonary fibrosis of neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia.

With more than 20 years of development, Pichia pastoris system has been extensively used both on a lab and industrial scale. This review outlines the progress made on P. pastoris from aspects of protein expression, molecular engineering tools and methods, and biochemical production. This review also provides perspectives on the current challenges and future directions of this important system.
Bioengineering ; Industrial Microbiology ; Pichia

Objective　To study the role of α1-antichymotrypsin(α1-ACT)in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma for providing a theoretical base for prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. Methods　Levels of plasma α1-ACT in 30 asthmatic children and 30 healthy children were determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Results　Plasma α1-ACT levels were higher in acute phase than in paroxysmal phase ［（0.4178±0.0815）vs(0.2865±0.0799), t=6.301,P<0.001］ and also higher in asthma group than in control group ［（0.4178±0.0815）vs(0.2876±0.0496),t=7.474,P<0.001］. The plasma α1-ACT levels in asthma group and control of paroxysmal phase were similor ［(0.2865±0.0799) vs (0.2876±0.0496),t=0.064, P>0.05］. The levels of plasma α1-ACT were higher in moderate and heavily attacked patients than that in mild attacked patients ［(0.4553±0.0758) vs (0.3249±0.0926),t=4.187,P<0.001］ and those in control group ［(0.4553±0.0758) vs (0.2865±0.0799),t=9.38,P<0.001］. Conclusion　α1-ACT is involved in pathophysiological course of childhood asthma. Measurement of plasma α1-ACT levels may be helpful in determining the state of the illness and to evaluate the severity and treatment of childhood asthma.

Objective To explore the curative effect of dynamic hip screw(DHS) and proximal femoral nail (PFN)in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Methods Dynamic hip screw(DHS) group is A group:30 patients, proximal femoral nail( PFN) group is B group:30 patients. In the respect of the average length of the incision, operation time,blood loss,X-ray exposure times,postoperative drainage volume,blood transfusion volume,antibiotics usage time,hospitalization time,postoperative ambulation time,healing time of fracture,criteria of Harris hip function score after half a year,complication rate,this paper made the comparative analysis of clinical efficacy and statistical analysis between the two groups. Results 60 patients were followed up for 9 months to 4 years, with the average of 2 years and 3 months and no death. The average length of the incision, operation time, blood loss, X-ray exposure times, postoperative drainage volume,blood transfusion volume, DHS group were( 13. 4 ± 1. 9) cm, (92. 8 ± 13. 0) min, (321.0±39.4)ml,(5. 8 ± 1.2)times, (84.1 ± 10. 1)ml, (316.6 ±79. 1 )ml;PFN group were(7.6 ± 1.1 )cm,(59. 0±6. 9)min, (204. 6 ±32. 7) ml, (5.0 ±0.9) times, (53. 9 ± 8. 7) ml, ( 196. 6 ± 18. 2) ml; the differences between two groups were statistically significant ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Hospitalization time, postoperative ambulation time, healing time of fracture,DHS group were(6.2±3.7)d,(17.8±1.8)d,(69. 8 ± 12. 3)d, (13. 0 ± 1. 6) weeks,PFN group were(4.7 ±2. 6)d,( 16.0 ±2. 2)d, (46.9 ±4. 9)d, (11. 3 ±0.7) weeks, the difference was statistically significant (all P＜0. 05). Antibiotic use of time,hip function(Harris score standard)excellent and good rate after half a year, there's no significant difference between the two groups( all P ＞ 0. 05). Complication rate, DHS group:40% ; PFN group: 10%. The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Intertrochanteric fracture fixation PFN group had an advantage of smaller surgical trauma,less bleeding,shorter healing time,more rapid postoperative recovery,lower complication rate and other characteristics comparing with the DHS group. So it was worth being recommended for a wider use.

Laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy of segment 7 is recognized as one of the most difficult hepatectomies. Because of its location and anatomic characteristics, the resection of hepatic segment 7 has the difficulties of poor surgical view, instrumental accessibility, hepatic pedicle anatomy, confirmation of dividing line and secure hemostasis. When performing laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy of segment 7, the authors routinely put patient at left semi-decubitus position, set all trocars at the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, and select proper approach for hepatic pedicle anatomy according to the results of individualized preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction. The authors use to transect the liver parenchyma at the plane between hepatic segment 6 and segment 7, with the direction perpendicular to the right hepatic vein, and then finish parenchymal dissection using right hepatic vein as the intrahepatic landmark. According to the authors experiences, choosing appropriate tactics can effectively reduce the difficulty of laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy of segment 7, improve the safety and controllability of operation, and ensure the oncological radical effects.

Objective:To assess the expression of specific virulence-associated Helicobacter pylori (Hp) genotypes, (cag A, vac A, and ice A status) in primary gastrointestinal B cell lymphoma. Methods: Forty-nine paraffin wax embedded tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and poly-merase chain reaction. Results:There were 14 cases of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma ( MALT-L) (8 in stomach, and 6 in intestine) and 35 cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (21 in stomach, and 14 in intestine) in all. The positive rates of vac A s1 ,vac A s2 ,vac A m2,ice A 1 and cag A were 50. 0% ,42. 9% ,50. 0% , 14. 3% and 85. 7% in MALT-L; 57. 1% ,40. 0% ,25. 7% , 5.7% and91.4% in DLBCL, respectively. Conclusion:High toxicity cag A + Hp strains.seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal B cell lymphoma, whereas vac A m2 may be more associated with MALT-L. Clinical stage was not associated with virulence-associated Hp genotypes.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of KLT combined with chemotherapy on late can?cers.METHODS:64patients with late cancers were assigned as observation group:receiving KLT+chemotherapy;47patients with late cancers were assigned as control group:receiving routine chemotherapy.RESULTS:In the observation group,the ef?fective rate was48.44%,body weight increase accounted for57.81%,KSP increased85.93%and relief from pain accounted for71.87%;In the control group:the effective rate was34.04%,body weight increase accounted for22.66%,KSD increased48.93%and relief from pain accounted for46.81%.The incidence of ARDs in observation group was obviouly lower than those in control group.CONCLUSION:KLT combined with chemotherapy can raise the therapeut effect on patients with late cancers and improve their life quality.