Glucosylceramide synthase(GCS) plays an important role in ceramide metabolism and can block apoptosis signal pathway which is mediated by ceramide. Recently, studies have demonstrated that overex-pression of GCS exists in various muhidrug resistant cancer cell lines and is related to drug resistant pheno-type. A possible connection between GCS and P-gp is also suggested. Moreover,the level of GCS can be down-regulated to increase tumor cells sensitivity by chemical inhibitor and RNA interference. Thus, inhibition of ac-tivity and expression of GCS is a new mechanism of reversing muhidrug resistance.

The mental health state of the 256 fourth-year medical students of Kunming Medical College was preliminarily analyzed by requiring. The students fill in the inquiry sheets (questionare) in a question-and-answer way. The ages of these 136 male and 120 female students ranged from 19 to 23 years old, and the self-desiged 109 items of the investigation were induced into 8 aspects related to the mental health such as the outlook on life etc. The result showed that these are differences between the mental health state of the senior medical students and the traditional ideas, morality, manners of education etc. Some initial points of view were put toward.

Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause of children chronic cough,especially in those aged 1 ～ 6 years.It is defined by the presence of persistent wet cough for longer than 4 weeks,but lacks of symptoms or signs of other alternative diagnosis of chronic cough.It shows a normal or near-normal chest radiograph,a intense neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and a chronic purulent bronchitis under bronchochoscopy,and usually resolves after two-week course of appropriate oral antibiotic (usually amoxicillin-clavulanatc).So far,PBB hasn't been fully recognized by most pediatricians,and often been unrecognised or misdiagnosed as asthma.In this paper,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Ligustrazine on pulmonary fibrosis caused by hyperoxia in neonatal rats.Met-hods Eighty Sprague-Dawley(SD)clean neonatal rats,which were less than 12 hours old,were enrolled in this study.The neonatal rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:air-exposed control group(group A);air-exposed plus Ligustrazine-treated group(group B);hype-roxia-exposed control group(group C);hyperoxia-exposed plus Ligustrazine-treated group(group D).The neonatal rats of group B and group D were intraperitoneally injected with Ligustrazine[30 mg/(kg?d)] in solution of normal saline(NS),group A and group C were intraperitoneally given the same dose of NS.On 14th day,10 rats of each group were randomly chosen and then killed,the pulmonary pathological changes were observed by HE staining under light microscope.The area percentages of collagen fibers were measured by Masson staining and imaging analysis.The degree of pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated by the area percentages of collagen fibers and hydroxyproline content.The results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results On the 14th day of the exposure,the histopathologic examination demonstrated broadened lung interstitium and reduced alveolar quantity and lung fibrosis were developed in group C;Ligustrazine treatment obviously alle-viated the changes of lung histomorphology.The newborn rats in group C had lower body weight compared that of with group A,B(Pa0.05).Conclusion Early use of Ligustrazine can decrease the severity of the pulmonary fibrosis of neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia.

Interleukin-32 is a newly descovered cytokine. In vivo and in vitro studies show that it inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of colon cancer and melanoma by inhibiting NF-κB and signaling and transcription activated factor 3 pathways.In addition,IL-32 suppresses tumor growth in different ways in chronic myelogenous leukemia,sarcoma and prostate cancer.

Objective To explore the curative effect of dynamic hip screw(DHS) and proximal femoral nail (PFN)in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Methods Dynamic hip screw(DHS) group is A group:30 patients, proximal femoral nail( PFN) group is B group:30 patients. In the respect of the average length of the incision, operation time,blood loss,X-ray exposure times,postoperative drainage volume,blood transfusion volume,antibiotics usage time,hospitalization time,postoperative ambulation time,healing time of fracture,criteria of Harris hip function score after half a year,complication rate,this paper made the comparative analysis of clinical efficacy and statistical analysis between the two groups. Results 60 patients were followed up for 9 months to 4 years, with the average of 2 years and 3 months and no death. The average length of the incision, operation time, blood loss, X-ray exposure times, postoperative drainage volume,blood transfusion volume, DHS group were( 13. 4 ± 1. 9) cm, (92. 8 ± 13. 0) min, (321.0±39.4)ml,(5. 8 ± 1.2)times, (84.1 ± 10. 1)ml, (316.6 ±79. 1 )ml;PFN group were(7.6 ± 1.1 )cm,(59. 0±6. 9)min, (204. 6 ±32. 7) ml, (5.0 ±0.9) times, (53. 9 ± 8. 7) ml, ( 196. 6 ± 18. 2) ml; the differences between two groups were statistically significant ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Hospitalization time, postoperative ambulation time, healing time of fracture,DHS group were(6.2±3.7)d,(17.8±1.8)d,(69. 8 ± 12. 3)d, (13. 0 ± 1. 6) weeks,PFN group were(4.7 ±2. 6)d,( 16.0 ±2. 2)d, (46.9 ±4. 9)d, (11. 3 ±0.7) weeks, the difference was statistically significant (all P＜0. 05). Antibiotic use of time,hip function(Harris score standard)excellent and good rate after half a year, there's no significant difference between the two groups( all P ＞ 0. 05). Complication rate, DHS group:40% ; PFN group: 10%. The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Intertrochanteric fracture fixation PFN group had an advantage of smaller surgical trauma,less bleeding,shorter healing time,more rapid postoperative recovery,lower complication rate and other characteristics comparing with the DHS group. So it was worth being recommended for a wider use.

Objective　To study the role of α1-antichymotrypsin(α1-ACT)in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma for providing a theoretical base for prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. Methods　Levels of plasma α1-ACT in 30 asthmatic children and 30 healthy children were determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Results　Plasma α1-ACT levels were higher in acute phase than in paroxysmal phase ［（0.4178±0.0815）vs(0.2865±0.0799), t=6.301,P<0.001］ and also higher in asthma group than in control group ［（0.4178±0.0815）vs(0.2876±0.0496),t=7.474,P<0.001］. The plasma α1-ACT levels in asthma group and control of paroxysmal phase were similor ［(0.2865±0.0799) vs (0.2876±0.0496),t=0.064, P>0.05］. The levels of plasma α1-ACT were higher in moderate and heavily attacked patients than that in mild attacked patients ［(0.4553±0.0758) vs (0.3249±0.0926),t=4.187,P<0.001］ and those in control group ［(0.4553±0.0758) vs (0.2865±0.0799),t=9.38,P<0.001］. Conclusion　α1-ACT is involved in pathophysiological course of childhood asthma. Measurement of plasma α1-ACT levels may be helpful in determining the state of the illness and to evaluate the severity and treatment of childhood asthma.

Objective To observe the effect of different doses of atorvastatin in treating elderly acute coronary syndrome.Methods Totally 78 cases with acute coronary syndrome were randomly divided into two groups:low-dose atorvastatin group and high dose atorvastatin group,39 cases for each.The triacylglycerol (TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein-cholestrol (LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C) were compared between before and after the treatment.The adverse drug reactions were observed.Results Before treatment,the levels of TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C were not statistic significant between the two groups.After treatment of 1 month,3 months,6 months and 12 months,TC and LDL-C of the two groups were decreased than those before treatment,and TC and LDL-C of high-dose atorvastatin group were lower than those of low-dose atorvastatin group,but HDL-C level was not changed compared with before treatment.After treatment of 3 months,6 months and 12 months,TG levels of the two groups were decreased than those before treatment,and TG of high-dose atorvastatin group were reduced than those of low-dose atorvastatin group.The incidence rate of cardiovascular events of high-dose atorvastatin group was significantly lower than those of low-dose atorvastatin group.There was no difference in the incidence rate of adverse drug reactions between the two groups.Conclusions I(s worthy to apply high-dose atorvastatin in clinical treatment for acute coronary syndrome because of its ability to decrease the levels of TG,TC,LDL C,HDL-C and cardiovascular events.

Recently,with the development of the medical technique includes surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy,multi-subject combined modality therapy for esophageal carei noma has been become a tendency instead of surgery alone.Any single treatment is hard to improve the curative effect of treatment for esophageal carcinoma.Systemic individual comprehensive therapy for the different patients with esophageal carcinoma is likely to reduce recurrence rate,improve survival rates as well as to improve the quality of life.

The genesis of malignant tumor is proved to be mainly caused by regulatory disturbance of cell cycle,in which p27 protein and cyclin D1 protein are major regulators.Cyclin D1 and p27 are positive andnegative regulator respeetively.Recently,redueed expression of p27 protein and overexpression of cyclinD1 pro-tein are found in various eaacers.It has been demonstrated that p27and cyelinD1 are closely associated with the genesis and development of many cancers.Cell cycle and its regulatory has become the focus in tumor research.