Raman spectroscopy is an optical technology based on the theory of Raman scattering, which is generally used in the research of medical and biological science. Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect the molecular structures and components of proteins, lipids, DNA, and other biological molecules, and provide substantial information about molecules. Thus, Raman spectroscopy is generally considered a "molecular fingerprint", and it has exceptional advantages in medical research. Moreover, this technique can reflect the changes in molecular structures and detect the alterations of chemical constituents in the samples. Raman spectroscopy, given its high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of the biological samples, has been successfully used to detect and diagnose diseases in numerous sites, such as skin, oral mucosa, breast, head, and neck. In this paper, we introduce the application of Raman spectroscopy in stomatology by conducting a review of the literature.
DNA ; Lipids ; Oral Medicine ; Proteins ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Objective To analyze gerbil plague in northern Ningxia and the monitoring results,to master the plague epidemic dynamics,and to provide the basis for developmenting countermeasures.Methods Monitoring data of gerbil plague focus in northern Ningxia were collect in 2009,counted main host density,rate of dye fleas,flea body index and bacteriology,serology detect and analyzed the epidemic situation.Results An average density of main host was 1.74/hm2,the average rate of infected fleas was 28.60％,and the average rat body flea index was 0.76.Monitoring found 4 plagues from rat plague epidemic,plague bacteria were found in 16 strains,of which gerbils inspection bacteria 10 strains,Meriones unguiculatus 2 strains,the same type cheopis 2 strains,and bald disease fleas 2 strains.Indirect hemagglutination (IHA) was used to test 529 copies of samples,2 copies were found positive,and hemagglutination-positive rate was 0.38％; eight copies were examined by reverse indirect hemagglutination(RIHA),7 material were found positive,and hemagglutination-positive rate was 87.50％.Conclusions In recent years,the disease is active among animals in gerbil plague focus Ningxia.The density of rodents is higher,and local plague epidemic is found in rats.Monitoring efforts should be strengthened and scope of monitoring should be expanded.We should pay close attention to the epidemic dynamics,control the prevalence and spread of animal disease,and prevent the occurrence of human plague.

This paper explains the status of science and technology of traditional Chinese medicine in China. Basic conclusions are as follows: policy environment is improved step by step, R&D funds and R&D personnel in traditional Chinese medicine field are increased continuously, and a lot of achievements have been got in traditional Chinese medicine field.
Academies and Institutes ; economics ; statistics & numerical data ; Biomedical Research ; economics ; manpower ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Animals ; Carps ; physiology ; Galvanic Skin Response ; drug effects ; physiology ; Skin ; cytology ; Strychnine ; pharmacology ; Synaptic Transmission ; drug effects ; physiology

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Polymorphism, Genetic

BACKGROUND: A majority scholars views that polymorphism of angiotensinogen T174M gene is one of the susceptible factors of inheritance of coronary heart disease, hypertension and myocardial infarction.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the relationship between the variation of angiotensinogen T174M gene and myocardial infarction.DESIGN: Case-controlled verified experiment.SETTING: Department of Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Science Faculty of North China Coal Medical College,and Department of Cardiology in Affiliated Hospital of North China Coal Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five cases of myocardial infarction were collected from outpatients and inpatients in Department of Cardiac Vascular Internal Medicine of Worker's Hospital Affiliated to North China Coal Medical College in Tangshan from September 2002 to September 2003, of which,29 cases were males and 26 cases females, aged (60±8) years. At the same time, 60 cases (health control) were selected from the people who received clinical physical health check (without repeated physical check), of which,32 cases were males and 28 cases females, aged (60±10) years. The cases selected had no manifestation of coronary heart disease, without history myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction in family and the participants were in the know of the research.INTERVENTIONS: Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the genetic sequence of No.174 DAN residue involved in No.2 exon of angiotensinogen gene. Electrophoresis was used after variated with Nco I restriction endonuclease.Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism was carried on angiotensinogen genotype. Simultaneously,the relevant risk factors of coronary heart disease were detected in two groups, such as blood pressure, body mass, blood lipid, fasting blood glucose, etc.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Distribution of genotype, frequency of genotype and frequency of allele in two groups. ② Analysis on risk factors of two groups.RESULTS: Totally 115 cases of objects all accomplished the design and entered result analysis. ① Frequency of angiotensinogen genotype: in myocardial infarction group, TT 75％ (41/55), TM 18％ (10/55), MM 7％ (4/55) and in control group, TT 83％ (50/60), TM 15％ (9/60), MM 2％ (1/60). Frequency of allele of M174 and T174 were 16％ (18/110), 84％ (92/110) and 9％ (11/120), 91％ (109/120) in myocardial infarction group and control group respectively. Frequency of allele of M174 in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than that of control group (x2=5.79,P ＜ 0.05). By the division of sex, the frequency M and T alleles of both male and female in experiment group was basically identical to control group. Angiotensinogen 174MM genotype in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than control group (x2= 7.55, P ＜ 0.025). ② Comparison of risk factors: The percentage of smoking history in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than control group (P = 0.006). After correction of essential risk factors of coronary heart disease, angiotensinogen 174MM gene still increased significantly the risk of myocardial infarction (Odds ratio was 3.66, P= 0.018).CONCLUSION: Angiotensinogen genotype is related to the occurrence of myocardial infarction. M allele is one of the susceptible factors of inheritance of myocardial infarction and T allele prevents from myocardial infarction. The attack of myocardial infarction is not relevant to sex, but angiotensinogen 174TM gene is one of the essential risk factors of myocardial infarction.

Objective To study the effects of prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein ( Pup)-proteasome system on the growth of Mycobacterium strains.Methods The genes encoding Pup ( pup gene) and protea-someβsubunit ( prcB gene) were respectively knocked out from Mycobacterium smegmatis ( M.sm) strains by homologous recombination.The growth and viability of the wild-type and mutant strains of M.sm were an-alyzed under normal culture condition and under hypoxia as well as anaerobic conditions.Results The pup and prcB genes were completely and precisely knocked out from M.sm strains and the mutant strains were named △SM-Pup and△SM-prcB, respectively.The△SM-Pup strains grew faster than the wild type ( WT) and△SM-prcB strains.No significantly differences in the growth of M.sm were found between the WT and△SM-prcB strains.Conclusion The Pup-proteasome system was involved in the growth of M.sm, espe-cially the pup gene.There was difference between pup and prcB genes in regulating the growth of M.sm.The functions and influences of Pup-proteasome system still need further investigation.

0. 05) . Conclusion Despite immersing in seawater and in freshwater worsen the ALI after open chest trauma,the ALI induced by seawater-immersion is severer than that caused by freshwater-immersion. It is attributed to higher plasma osmotic pressure and abundance of salts after seawater immersion,which increasing the pulmonary penetration index and aggravating the inflammatory response.

Objective Choose an easy method to screen the “leaky" phenotype SCID mice before experimental use. Methods IgG in SCID mice serum was assayed by three kinds of ELISA(sandwich ELISA, sandwich indirect ELISA and Avidin\|biotin sandwich ELISA). Results Avidin\|biotin sandwich ELISA is the most sensitive method of the three, and 41 SCID mice of 6～8 weeks old were assayed with this method. The average IgG of 40 SCID mice was 0 24?0 16mg/L, only one was 2\^3mg/L. The “Leaky" probability was 2\^4%.Conclusion\ The Avidin\|Biotin sandwich ELISA is an easy, sensitive and reliable method to screen“leaky" SCID mice.\;[

10000 u,SP2:6 000 u0.05),the melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity were inhibited remarkably(P