AIM:To prepare O/W microemulsion formulation containing sinomenine and investigate the effect of different penetration enhancers on transermal delivery character of microemulsion in vitro. METHODS: The microemulsions were prepared and characterized using Zetasize potential/particle size analysis instrument.The stability tests were performed to evaluate the sinomenine microemulsions.Franz diffusion cell was adopted as the apparatus for in vitro transdermal test.Excised Wistar-rat abdomen skin was pretreated with penetration enhancers,such as menthol,borneol and isopropyl myristate. RESULTS: The average droplet size of the microemulsion was about(31.3 nm.)A high permeation rate of(32.238?1.13)?g/cm~(2)?h was showed in vitro.Ail the enhancers showed significant enhancement effect on the transdermal behavior of sinomenine microemulsion.2% borneol had the strongest effect in all. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the studied microemulsion system with high permeation rate may be a promising vehicle for the transdermal delivery of sinomenine.Menthol,borneol and isopropyl myristate were found to be the proper penetration enhancers in the transdermal preparation.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a kind of complex autoimmune connective tissue disease involving multi-organ and multiple systems.And the cardiovascular complication is a major cause of mortality in SLE patients.The diagnosis and evaluation depend on imaging.As a non-invasive,simplicity and repeatability method,echocardiography plays a vital role in evaluating heart structure and function.The application of echocardiography in the SLE with cardiovascular complications were reviewed in this article.

ObjectiveTo investigate osteopontin (OPN) level in pulmonary tuberculosis and its clinical significance.MethodsThe level of serum OPN was determined in 80 pulmonary tuberculosis patients before anti-tuberculosis treatment[patients group,simple pulmonary tuberculosis with 60 cases (simple pulmonary tuberculosis group),pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy with 20cases (pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy group)],and compared with that of 30healthy persons (healthy control group) and 20 patients having received effective anti-tuberculosis treatment and followed-up for 6 months (followed-up group).At the same time,the clinical significance of OPN was studied by other commonly used clinical indicators of tuberculosis.ResultsThe level of serum OPN in patients group [(843.49 ±569.23) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in healthy control group [(352.50 ± 185.02) ng/L,P ＜0.05].The level of serum OPN after treatment in followed-up group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment [(494.11 ±352.40) ng/L vs.(1106.60 ± 628.39) ng/L,P＜ 0.05 ] and there was no significant difference compared with those in healthy control group (P ＞ 0.05 ).The level of serum OPN in pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy group [(1179.80 ±606.33) ng/L] was significantly higher than those in simple pulmonary tuberculosis group [(727.53 ±511.66) ng/L,P ＜0.05],and they were both higher than those in healthy control group [ ( 352.50 ± 185.02 ) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].Therefore,for further additional subgroup analysis in simple pulmonary tuberculosis group,the level of serum OPN in patients with cavity[ ( 836.51 ± 549.80) ng/L ] was significantly higher than that without cavity [ (535.52 ± 375.95 ) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ],while the levels of serum OPN had no statistical difference between pulmonary lesion involved ＜ 3 leaf patients and ≥ 3 leaf patients,sputum mycobacterium tuberculosis positive patients and negative patients,mycoDot test results positive patients and negative patients,erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevated patients and normal patients,PPD strongly positive patients and non-strongly positive patients (P＞0.05).ConclusionsOPN activity is closely related with pulmonary tuberculosis.OPN can serve as a judge of pulmonary tuberculosis and the clinical indicators of disease outcome.The level of serum OPN and the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis have some correlations.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of alcoholic avascular necrosis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the physiological structure and pathologic changes induced by alcohol of the microenvironment of femoral head, and to review the research status of the influence of alcohol on the microenvironment of femoral head. METHODS: A computer-based online research of PubMed database for clinical and basic studyies concerning the effect alcohol on the microenvironment of femoral head published from 1990 to 2016. The pathological changes of alcoholic osteonecrosis of the femoral head were overviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are various theories about the pathogenesis of alcoholic osteonecrosis of thefemoral head, but the essence is the disturbance of blood circulation in femoral head, and long-term decrease in the nutrients and oxygen supplying of bone leading to bone degeneration and necrosis. Large-dose intake of alcohol will induce the imbalance of oxidation and anti-oxidation system, which dose harm to the microenvironment of femoral head. The change of oxygen supplying accelerates the necrosis of femoral head, the weakened differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and the disturbance of bone resorption-formation imbalance finally result in the necrosis and collapse of femoral head. It is expected to provide a new therapeutic strategy for delaying or preventing the early femoral head necrosis by controlling the microenvironment of femoral head.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nasal surgery alone for OSAHS using Meta-analysis. METHOD: The published articles were searched from PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature CD-ROM databases, China Academic Journals Full-text database. The quality of the searched original studies were assessed and the outcomes with the requirements were analyzed. RESULT: Nineteen articles and 621 cases were finally included, including 15 English literatures and 4 Chinese literatures. The results of Meta analysis showed that: (1)The weighted mean between pre-and postoperative AHI was no significantly difference [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0. 11, 95% CI (-0. 02,0. 23), P>0. 05]. (2) The nasal surgery alone significantly reduced theEpworth sleepiness scale scores in thirteen studies [WMD=0. 94,95% CI (0. 62,1. 26), P<. 01]. CONCLUSION The meta-analyses show that nasal surgery alone can effectively improve the subjective clinical symptoms of patients with OSAHS. However, nasal surgery alone has a limited efficacy in treating OSAHS.
China ; Humans ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery

Vitamin K deficiency is a common problem in neonates and infants,vitamin K deficiency bleeding can be life threatening.There is still a high incidence of vitamin K deficiency even if the prevention by retrospective analysis a large number of the global data.In recent years,with the increase of premature infants,incidence is higher than before,China is the same trend.There is no recognized prevention and treatment measures,and less related research data.Therefore,to carry out related investigation,to provide the basis for clinical prevention and treatment are an urgent task.

Objective To investigate researches on magnet hospital and nursing management from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 in PubMed database and provide reference information for the majority of professionals in deep research.Methods Bibliographies from research literature of magnet hospital and nursing management from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 in PubMed database were downloaded.The publication years,journals,countries of publication,the high yielding first authors and the high frequency of main subject were counted by Bicomb 2.0 software.The affiliations were analyzed artificially.main subject appeared no less than two times were intercepted as high frequency ones and the high frequency main subject co-occurrence matrix were formed.SPSS20.0 statistical software were applied for clustering analysis with matrix,then to get the topic hotspots.Results A total of 62 literatures were screened out.The data of research trend,journals,research degree of countries were acquired.The number of high frequency main subject were 18 and among which 4 research hotspots were clustered,respectively workplace environment and job satisfaction,nursing education,nursing quality administration,creation and leadership.Conclusions Researches on magnet hospital and nursing management from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 in PubMed database are mainly in terms of workplace environment and job satisfaction,nursing education,nursing quality administration,creation and leadership.They are the foundation of the current research situation and trend of magnet hospital nursing management,and can improve management efficiency and provide reference for scientific research topic selection project.

AIM:To set up the quality standard for Fuyang Jiedu Granules(Radix Sutellariae,Herba Scute-(llariae) Barbatae,Herba Epimedii,etc.). METHODS: Radix Scutellariae,Herba Scutellariae Barbatae and Herba Epimedii in preparation were identified by TLC.The content of baicalin was determined by HPLC on Agilent Eclipse XBD-C_(18) column. The mobile phase was methanol-phosphoric-water(47∶53∶0.2).The detection wavelength was at 280 nm. A Shim-pack VP-ODS column was used to determine icariin.The mobile phase consisted of 0.32% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(75∶25).The detection wavelength was 270 nm. RESULTS: The spot on the thin layer plate was clear.The negative contral was not disturbed.The linear range of baicalin was in the range 0.122 12 ?g to 0.606 ?g.The average recovery was 99.59% with RSD of 2.16%.The linearity range of icariin was in the range 0.201 6 ?g-1.008 ?g.The average recovery was 99.49% with RSD of 1.31%.(CONCLUSION:) The methods are specific,simple,fast and accurate,and can be used for quality control of Fuyang Jiedu Granules.

Objective To assess the effect of resident training in clinical skills on SARS prevention and treatment. Methods A survey was conducted by means of questionnaires on 101 residents of the authors' hospital who were at the forefront of the fight against SARS. Results Training in clinical skills assisted the residents to various degrees in SARS prevention and treatment. 100% of the residents surveyed held that the training was helpful, beneficial and assisted them in solving problems. Conclusion Training in clinical skills, which rendered the residents proficient in basic skills and more capable of clinical application of the skills, also enhanced their ability to handle emergent events in SARS prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate apoptosis in acinar cells during posttransplant reperfusion, and the expression of Bcl 2, Bax, Fas Methods Pancreas transplantation was performed between male SD rats after 2 hours of cold ischemia Rats ( n =65) were divided at random into 7 groups: sham group, cold ischemia group (as controls), reperfused 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h group The pathologic pancreatic tissue was observed by electron microscope; Apoptotic cells were stained by TUNEL technique; Expression of Bax、Bcl 2 and Fas protein in pancreatic tissue were detected by SABC immunohistochemical method Results Apoptotic cells were observed in early phase after pancreas transplantation The peak of apoptotic pancreas cells occurred 3 hours after reperfusion [AI ( 9 5? 2 9)%, P