Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a kind of complex autoimmune connective tissue disease involving multi-organ and multiple systems.And the cardiovascular complication is a major cause of mortality in SLE patients.The diagnosis and evaluation depend on imaging.As a non-invasive,simplicity and repeatability method,echocardiography plays a vital role in evaluating heart structure and function.The application of echocardiography in the SLE with cardiovascular complications were reviewed in this article.

AIM:To prepare O/W microemulsion formulation containing sinomenine and investigate the effect of different penetration enhancers on transermal delivery character of microemulsion in vitro. METHODS: The microemulsions were prepared and characterized using Zetasize potential/particle size analysis instrument.The stability tests were performed to evaluate the sinomenine microemulsions.Franz diffusion cell was adopted as the apparatus for in vitro transdermal test.Excised Wistar-rat abdomen skin was pretreated with penetration enhancers,such as menthol,borneol and isopropyl myristate. RESULTS: The average droplet size of the microemulsion was about(31.3 nm.)A high permeation rate of(32.238?1.13)?g/cm~(2)?h was showed in vitro.Ail the enhancers showed significant enhancement effect on the transdermal behavior of sinomenine microemulsion.2% borneol had the strongest effect in all. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the studied microemulsion system with high permeation rate may be a promising vehicle for the transdermal delivery of sinomenine.Menthol,borneol and isopropyl myristate were found to be the proper penetration enhancers in the transdermal preparation.

Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes in genc expression that are,unlike mutations,not attributable to alterations in the sequence of DNA.The predominant epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation,histone modification and microRNA.Exploring the precise roles of epigenetic factors on autoimmunity has become an active research area.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder with a prevalence of approximately 0.5％ to 1.0％ worldwide.The mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of RA are still not completely understood.In recent years,the epigenetics of RA have been widely investigated.Alterations in the modification of histones and DNA methylation are the two major epigenetic mechanisms that may potentially cause a breakdown of immune tolerance and the perpetuation of RA.These epigenetic changes may be ideal targets for new personalized treatments.

Vitamin K deficiency is a common problem in neonates and infants,vitamin K deficiency bleeding can be life threatening.There is still a high incidence of vitamin K deficiency even if the prevention by retrospective analysis a large number of the global data.In recent years,with the increase of premature infants,incidence is higher than before,China is the same trend.There is no recognized prevention and treatment measures,and less related research data.Therefore,to carry out related investigation,to provide the basis for clinical prevention and treatment are an urgent task.

Objective To investigate researches on magnet hospital and nursing management from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 in PubMed database and provide reference information for the majority of professionals in deep research.Methods Bibliographies from research literature of magnet hospital and nursing management from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 in PubMed database were downloaded.The publication years,journals,countries of publication,the high yielding first authors and the high frequency of main subject were counted by Bicomb 2.0 software.The affiliations were analyzed artificially.main subject appeared no less than two times were intercepted as high frequency ones and the high frequency main subject co-occurrence matrix were formed.SPSS20.0 statistical software were applied for clustering analysis with matrix,then to get the topic hotspots.Results A total of 62 literatures were screened out.The data of research trend,journals,research degree of countries were acquired.The number of high frequency main subject were 18 and among which 4 research hotspots were clustered,respectively workplace environment and job satisfaction,nursing education,nursing quality administration,creation and leadership.Conclusions Researches on magnet hospital and nursing management from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 in PubMed database are mainly in terms of workplace environment and job satisfaction,nursing education,nursing quality administration,creation and leadership.They are the foundation of the current research situation and trend of magnet hospital nursing management,and can improve management efficiency and provide reference for scientific research topic selection project.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers in females worldwide. Despite the treatment methods of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are maturing, the prognosis of patients with recurrent, advanced or metastatic cervical cancer remains poor. Molecular targeted therapy provides new hope for these patients. This review focuses on the advances in agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, epidermal growth factor receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, histone deacetylases and cyclooxygenase-2 in cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of alcoholic avascular necrosis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the physiological structure and pathologic changes induced by alcohol of the microenvironment of femoral head, and to review the research status of the influence of alcohol on the microenvironment of femoral head. METHODS: A computer-based online research of PubMed database for clinical and basic studyies concerning the effect alcohol on the microenvironment of femoral head published from 1990 to 2016. The pathological changes of alcoholic osteonecrosis of the femoral head were overviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are various theories about the pathogenesis of alcoholic osteonecrosis of thefemoral head, but the essence is the disturbance of blood circulation in femoral head, and long-term decrease in the nutrients and oxygen supplying of bone leading to bone degeneration and necrosis. Large-dose intake of alcohol will induce the imbalance of oxidation and anti-oxidation system, which dose harm to the microenvironment of femoral head. The change of oxygen supplying accelerates the necrosis of femoral head, the weakened differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and the disturbance of bone resorption-formation imbalance finally result in the necrosis and collapse of femoral head. It is expected to provide a new therapeutic strategy for delaying or preventing the early femoral head necrosis by controlling the microenvironment of femoral head.

objective: To evaluate the effects of multiloop edgewise archwire(MEAW) therapy in the treatment of open bite. Methods: 20 cases of open bite (male 7 ,female 13 ,aged 13～25 yrs old) were treated by MEAW technique.The effects were evaluated by cephalometry. Results: After treatment ANB *, U1 SN *, L1 MP ** , U 6 SN *, U6 PP(mm) *, L6 MP * and L6 MP(mm) * decreased, L1 MP(mm) ** , U1 L1 ** and OB(mm) ** increased( * P

Objective To explore the relationship of immunoglobulin A(IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) in children by making comparison in the aspects of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and renal pathology. Methods Process the data of 69 cases of HSPN and 33 cases of IgAN respectively in clinical symptoms' frequency, indices of urinalysis and blood cell count, protein quantity in urine of 24 hours, serum level of immunoglobulins, C3 and C4, as well as renal pathologic results. Results In IgAN group, the incidence of male was higher than that of female, respiratory tract infections usually occur as prodrome. Macroscopic hematuria was the most prominent clinical feature, while rash, joint pain, abdominal symptoms seldom happened. Level of hemoglobin in IgAN group was decreased significantly. There were no significant differences in edema, hypertension, proteinuria degree, level of plasm albumin, level of serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, C3 and C4, as well as the features of renal pathologic changes between IgAN and HSPN.Conclusions IgAN and HSPN have similar features in clinical symptoms,level of immunoglobulins and complements and renal pathology. But it is still under discussion whether they are different stages of the same disease.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 3 therapeutic schemes in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS:A total of 94 PD cases were randomly assigned into 3 groups:Group A (Benserazide tablets +carbidopa and Levodopa controlled release tablets),Group B (Benserazide tablets+Carbidopa and Levodopa controlled release tablets+Selegiline tablets) and Group C (Benserazide tablets+Carbidopa and Levodopa controlled release tablets+Entacapone tablets). After treatment for 8 weeks,the cost-effectiveness analysis were conducted for all the 3 groups. RESULTS:For Group A,B and C,the costs were 448.78,803.89,1 559.89 yuan,respectively; the total effective rates were 56.67%,83.33% and 85.71%,respectively; the cost-effectiveness ratios were 791.92,964.71,1 819.96,respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of Group B and C were 1 332.00 and 3 826.14,respectively as against Group A. CONCLUSION:Group B is preferable for PD among the 3 groups.