OBJECTIVE:To discuss how to solve patents problems in the registration and approval of drugs.METHODS:Regulations and problems in the registration and approval of drugs in China were analyzed and which were compared with that of the American and Europe.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The registration and approval of drugs and their patents right protection were legally independent of each other,to which the drug administration law and patent law respectively are appli-cable.There is no necessary association between the registration and approval of drugs and the infringement of patents right.Patent dispute should be solved in accordance with the patent related regulations,the registration and approval of drugs should not involve the solving of patent disputes of drugs.

Objective To explore the chest features of patients with the novel influenza type A H1N1 on HRCT. Methods One hundred and seventy-two chest HRCT examinations on 163 cases with Influenza type A H1N1 (9 cases were reexamed) were retrospectively analyzed using standard pulmonary window and mediastinal window, respectively. HRCT imaging appearances were summarized. Results Ninety-seven cases showed normal on chest HRCT, while the others showed abnormalities of parenchymal and interstitial. Among them, HRCT identified ground-glass opacity in 35 cases (53.0%), centrilobular nodules in 30 cases (45.5%), thickening of intralobular septa in 31 cases (47.0%), intralobular thin reticulation and micro-nodule in 8 cases (12.1%), single-lobular inflammation in 19 cases (28.8%), consolidation of lung(the large consolidation and multiple small consolidations)in 15 cases (22.7%), pulmonary atelectasis in 3 cases (4.5%), and irregular lines in 2 cases (3.0%). Pleurisy was also revealed including 8 cases with right pleurisy, 5 cases with left pleurisy, and 19 cases with bilateral pleurisy. Mediastinal and axillary lymphadenopathy were found in 7 cases, who were spared of pleural effusion. All above abnormalities resolved quickly after anti- virus treatment. Conclusion Parenchymal and interstitial abnormalities, mediastinum and axillary fossa lymphadenopathy, and pleural effusion were the common findings on HRCT in patients with Influenza type A H1N1, which were similar to those of other viral pneumonia.

Objective:To study the effects of glutamine on the rehabilitation and the immune function in patients with acute stroke. Methods: The study included 57 patients with cerebral ischemia and 29 patients with brain hemorrhage.Nutritional and immune function parameters were evaluated at admission and after 2 weeks following stroke respectively.Neurological deficit was also evaluated by the Chinese Stroke Scale at admission and after 28 days following stroke.The infective complications were investigated. Results:At the same duration after acute stroke,the extent of neurological deficit recovery was significantly lower in the control group than the glutamine group.The rate of the infective complications was significantly higher and it's duration was significantly longer in the control group than the glutamine group.The degree of nutriture and immune function deteriorating was significantly severer in the control group than the glutamine peptide group. Conclusion:Parenteral glutamine supplements is helpful for the rehabilitation and in preventing deterioration of nutrition status and immune function following acute stroke.

Combined with the five Zang Yin-Yang theory, to discuss the spinal marrow and cerebral Yin Yang state. As the internal organs, we believe that the spinal marrow and cerebral are substantial Yin and functional Yang. Further we can diagnose and treat the cerebral and spinal marrow injury related diseases. In the clinical therapy of acute and chronic cerebral and spinal marrow diseases, we should maintain the substantial Yin by avoiding injury, preventing spinal degeneration and maintaining the blood supply; and we should adjusting the functional Yang by nourishing the blood and promoting blood circulation, calming the liver to stop the wind, keep Yin and Weiqi in balance, tonifying the spleen and kidney etc. From the author's experience ,the patient with acute cerebral and spinal marrow injury diseases should be treated by regulating lung, liver, spleen and kidney to remove the wet water and purge the fire;the patient with chronic cerebral and spinal marrow injury diseases should be treated by regulating heart, liver, spleen and kidney to enhance Yang and nourish Yin.

Objective To explore the work-related stressors of night shift nurses’in coronary care unit(CCU).Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 6 night shift nurses in CCU with phenomenological method to analyze work experience of night shift.Result CCU night shift nurses’work-related stressors were found to be horror,frustration,overwork,interpersonal communication stress and shortage of work experience.Conclusion Strengthening psychological communication and emergency training to nurses,adopting incentive mechanism and organization support can relieve nurses’physical and psychological stress and improve work initiative.

This study aimed to study the criteria of two-way referral between tertiary-care hospital and communityhealth-care service center for patients with cerebralhemorrhage and a protocol of implementation to promote its treatment and rehabilitation.The criteria of two-way referral between tertiarycare hospital and community health-care service center for patients with cerebral hemorrhage after surgical operation were formulated on a trial basis with mutual consultation by the department of neurosurgery,Shenzhou hospital affiliated to Shenyang Medical College and Hunhewan Community Health-Care Service Center,Heping district,Shenyang. Totally,91 patients of cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the hospital during October 2007 to September 2010 were recruited for the study,46 in the intervention group with two-way referral and 45 in the control group by self-referral determined by their family members.All the patients of the two groups were followed-up for three years.During the follow-up in the intervention group,40 of 46 (95％) patients could comply with taking medication ordered by physicians,ability of daily living remarkably improved by Barthel index in 21 (50％),physical function recovered well in 33 (79％),34 (81％) could insist in self-monitoring and 32 (76％) could visit physicians for regular consultation,all these being significantly better than those in the control group (64％,31％,28％,25％ and 25％,respectively) (P ＜0.01 ).Medical and rehabilitative cost for patients with cerebral hemorrhage accounted for 575 RMB yuan per month in intervention group,as compared to 2246 RMB yuan for those in control group.Two-way referral for patients with cerebral hemorrhage can reduce their medical cost and promote their better rehabilitation.

Objective To evaluate the effects of total glucosides of paeony (TCP) on cell proliferation of and expression of VECF and IL-23 in human HaCaT keratinocytes and their potential mechanisms. Methods MTT assay was performed to detect the cell proliferation of HaCaT cells incubated with various concentrations (0.5 to 312.5 mg/L) of TGP. HaCaT cells were classified into 8 groups, control group without any treatment, TGP groups treated with 6 different concentrations of TGP, SB203580 group treated with TGP of 125 mg/L after 2-hour pretreatment with SB203580 of 10 μmol/L After additional culture, reverse transcription (RT)- PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were conducted to determine the expression levels of VEGF and IL-23 mRNA and protein, Western blot to test the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in these cells. Results The proliferation of HaCaT cells was promoted by TGP of low concentrations (0.5 and 2.5 mg/L), but inhibited by TGP of equal to or more than 12.5 mg/L, and peaked at the concentration of 125 mg/L. TGP of 0.5 and 2.5 mg/L enhanced the mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF and IL-23, while TGP of 12.5 to 125 mg/L suppressed the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein, and TGP of 62.5 to 125 mg/L downregulated the expression of IL-23 mRNA and protein. The phosphorylation of p38 protein kinase in HaCaT cells was induced by TGP of 125 mg/L in a time-dependant manner. Concretely, the level of phosphorylated p38 kinase in HaCaT cells was 0.3314 ± 0.0245 (peak) at 5 minutes, decreased to 0.2173 ± 0.0189 at 10 minutes (still statistically higher than untreated HaCaT cells) and 0.1664 ± 0.0201 at 30 minutes after treatment with TGP of 125 mg/L. SB203580 attenuated the effect of TGP on p38 phosphorylation, and the level of phosphorylated p38 kinase was 0.1529 ±0.0147 in HaCaT cells pretreated with SB203580 prior to the treatment with TGP. Conclusion TGP can inhibit the cell proliferation of and expressions of VEGF and IL-23 mRNA and protein in HaCaT cells, likely mediated by the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

28 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by 2009 H1N1 influenza were mechanically ventilated for 1 hour in the supine, lateral, semi-supine, lateral prone, and prone position respectively. Changes of heart rate, respiratory parameters and arterial partial pressure of oxygen ( PaO2 )were measured. There were no significant differences ( P ＞ 0. 05 ) of heart rate and mean arterial pressure among these postures. Lateral prone ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) and prone posture ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) , however, can both significantly improve tidal volume, mean airway pressure, PaO2, static lung compliance and oxygenation index. We concluded that mechanical ventilation delivered in the prone position can remarkably improve oxygenation in patients with H1N1 influenza-associated acute lung injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin K3 decreasing the urine oxalate excretion in rats. Methods A total of 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight, 200-250g) were randomly divided into 8 groups, ie, control group, only vitamin K3 group, stone forming group, stone forming plus 4.0、3.0、2.0、0.8、0.4mg/d Vit K3 group. Each group is 10 rats respectively. The change of urine oxalate was observed. Results Vitamin K3 can reduce the 24h urine oxalate excretion in stone-forming group rats, but there were no effects in control group rats(P

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of Vitamin K3 on the expression of osteopontin in rats kidney. Methods After different dose of Vitamin K3 were injected to different groups of rats feeded with same stone-inducing agent, the level of expression of OPN in renal tissues was observed with immunohistological staining. Results OPN expression located at distal convoluted tubule when the rats feeded without stone-inducing agent, and the OPN expression stain was extended to proximal convoluted tubule when the stone-inducing agent was feeded. Vitamin K3 can decrease the extension of OPN expression induced by the agent and more doses of Vitamin K3, more effects. Conclusions Vitamin K3 can decrease the expression of OPN in the kidney tubule of rats feeded with stone-induced agent.