OBJECTIVE:To discuss how to solve patents problems in the registration and approval of drugs.METHODS:Regulations and problems in the registration and approval of drugs in China were analyzed and which were compared with that of the American and Europe.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The registration and approval of drugs and their patents right protection were legally independent of each other,to which the drug administration law and patent law respectively are appli-cable.There is no necessary association between the registration and approval of drugs and the infringement of patents right.Patent dispute should be solved in accordance with the patent related regulations,the registration and approval of drugs should not involve the solving of patent disputes of drugs.

Objective:To study the effects of glutamine on the rehabilitation and the immune function in patients with acute stroke. Methods: The study included 57 patients with cerebral ischemia and 29 patients with brain hemorrhage.Nutritional and immune function parameters were evaluated at admission and after 2 weeks following stroke respectively.Neurological deficit was also evaluated by the Chinese Stroke Scale at admission and after 28 days following stroke.The infective complications were investigated. Results:At the same duration after acute stroke,the extent of neurological deficit recovery was significantly lower in the control group than the glutamine group.The rate of the infective complications was significantly higher and it's duration was significantly longer in the control group than the glutamine group.The degree of nutriture and immune function deteriorating was significantly severer in the control group than the glutamine peptide group. Conclusion:Parenteral glutamine supplements is helpful for the rehabilitation and in preventing deterioration of nutrition status and immune function following acute stroke.

Objective To explore the chest features of patients with the novel influenza type A H1N1 on HRCT. Methods One hundred and seventy-two chest HRCT examinations on 163 cases with Influenza type A H1N1 (9 cases were reexamed) were retrospectively analyzed using standard pulmonary window and mediastinal window, respectively. HRCT imaging appearances were summarized. Results Ninety-seven cases showed normal on chest HRCT, while the others showed abnormalities of parenchymal and interstitial. Among them, HRCT identified ground-glass opacity in 35 cases (53.0%), centrilobular nodules in 30 cases (45.5%), thickening of intralobular septa in 31 cases (47.0%), intralobular thin reticulation and micro-nodule in 8 cases (12.1%), single-lobular inflammation in 19 cases (28.8%), consolidation of lung(the large consolidation and multiple small consolidations)in 15 cases (22.7%), pulmonary atelectasis in 3 cases (4.5%), and irregular lines in 2 cases (3.0%). Pleurisy was also revealed including 8 cases with right pleurisy, 5 cases with left pleurisy, and 19 cases with bilateral pleurisy. Mediastinal and axillary lymphadenopathy were found in 7 cases, who were spared of pleural effusion. All above abnormalities resolved quickly after anti- virus treatment. Conclusion Parenchymal and interstitial abnormalities, mediastinum and axillary fossa lymphadenopathy, and pleural effusion were the common findings on HRCT in patients with Influenza type A H1N1, which were similar to those of other viral pneumonia.

Combined with the five Zang Yin-Yang theory, to discuss the spinal marrow and cerebral Yin Yang state. As the internal organs, we believe that the spinal marrow and cerebral are substantial Yin and functional Yang. Further we can diagnose and treat the cerebral and spinal marrow injury related diseases. In the clinical therapy of acute and chronic cerebral and spinal marrow diseases, we should maintain the substantial Yin by avoiding injury, preventing spinal degeneration and maintaining the blood supply; and we should adjusting the functional Yang by nourishing the blood and promoting blood circulation, calming the liver to stop the wind, keep Yin and Weiqi in balance, tonifying the spleen and kidney etc. From the author's experience ,the patient with acute cerebral and spinal marrow injury diseases should be treated by regulating lung, liver, spleen and kidney to remove the wet water and purge the fire;the patient with chronic cerebral and spinal marrow injury diseases should be treated by regulating heart, liver, spleen and kidney to enhance Yang and nourish Yin.

Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin K3 decreasing the urine oxalate excretion in rats. Methods A total of 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight, 200-250g) were randomly divided into 8 groups, ie, control group, only vitamin K3 group, stone forming group, stone forming plus 4.0、3.0、2.0、0.8、0.4mg/d Vit K3 group. Each group is 10 rats respectively. The change of urine oxalate was observed. Results Vitamin K3 can reduce the 24h urine oxalate excretion in stone-forming group rats, but there were no effects in control group rats(P

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of Vitamin K3 on the expression of osteopontin in rats kidney. Methods After different dose of Vitamin K3 were injected to different groups of rats feeded with same stone-inducing agent, the level of expression of OPN in renal tissues was observed with immunohistological staining. Results OPN expression located at distal convoluted tubule when the rats feeded without stone-inducing agent, and the OPN expression stain was extended to proximal convoluted tubule when the stone-inducing agent was feeded. Vitamin K3 can decrease the extension of OPN expression induced by the agent and more doses of Vitamin K3, more effects. Conclusions Vitamin K3 can decrease the expression of OPN in the kidney tubule of rats feeded with stone-induced agent.

Objective:To investigate the indications of lower incisor extraction in orthodontic treatment of malocclusions. Methods:42 patients (males 16,females 26) were divided into four groups: abnormal Bolton index; class III malocclusions with anterior teeth cross bite; one congenital lower incisor losing; and anterior teeth area periodontal disease.One lower incisor extraction, one lower incisor and other teeth extraction and other accessorial therapy were used in the treatment. Results:According to these four different conditions, alternative treatment plans of lower incisor extraction should be determined. For the former two conditions, one lower incisor was extracted; A lower incisor and two maxillary first premolars were extracted in the third condition, in which lower canines and first premolars should be grinded to improve esthetics; In the last condition, some maxillary teeth need stripping besides extracting one lower incisor. All of the 42 cases achieved satisfactory results, normal overbite and overjet and stable occlusal relationship. Conclusion:To be well acquainted with the indications of the extraction of the lower incisor in orthodontic treatment of malocclusions can help to achieve satisfactory clinical effect.

Objective To explore the risk factors of collapse of osteonecro si s of the femoral head (ONFH) with a retrospective study, and put forward a treat ment protocol according to this study results. Methods From October 1993 to Apri l 2000, 40 cases (56 hips) were followed-up. The term of follow-up ranged from 1 2 to 68 months (average 29.2 months). The age of patients was from 16 to 60 year s old (average 36.8 years old). Preoperatively, the AP and frog view X-ray film, coronal and sagittal MRI were taken. The staging of ONFH proposed by ARCO was a dopted. Clinically the Harris score was used to assess the clinical outcome. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) Non-operative: 10 cases (14 hips), stage Ⅰin 7 hips(ⅠA 4,ⅠC 3),stageⅡin 7 hips (ⅡA 1,ⅡB 3,ⅡC 3); 2) Core dec ompression with vascularized iliac bone graft (VICBG): 18 cases (24 hips ), stag eⅠin 6 hips (ⅠB 4,ⅠC 2), stageⅡin 16 hips (ⅡA 4,ⅡB 8,ⅡC 4), stageⅢ in 2 hips (ⅢA); 3) Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy(TRO): 12 cases (18 hips), stageⅡin 1 hip (ⅡC), stageⅢ in 17 hips (ⅢA 8, ⅢB 7,ⅢC 2). Harris score was 46 to 82 (mean 62.9). Results Collapse of the femoral head occurred in 9 hips a mong the 14 hips in the nonoperative group, in 10 hips among the 24 hips in the VICBG group. In TRO group, further deterioration was prevented in all but one hi p. Whether theres surgical intervention or not, no collapse occurred in both s tageⅠA and ⅡA, collapse occurred in both stage ⅠB and ⅡB was 7 hips among 15 hips (46.7%), 13 hips progressed into collapse of the femoral head with ⅠC and ⅡC (100%). The Harris score was 47 to 93(mean 77.4) postoperatively. Conclusio n With MR imaging, it is possible to predict the possibility of collapse of ONFH . The lower risk is below 30 percent of necrotic area, the higher risk is 30 to 60 percent of necrotic area, and the higherest risk is beyond 60 percent of necr otic area. The best results can be obtained if selection of treatment individual ly according to ARCO stage, patient age and necrotic extent.

Objective To explore the concentration of required residual available chlorine dioxide(ClO 2 )and optimun contact time for ClO 2 disinfection in order to ensure the microbiological indexes of waste water of hospital disinfected by ClO 2 qualified.Meth ods The waste water samples collected from hospital,to which were aritificially added with predetermined con-centrations of bacteria,were disinfected by various concentrations of ClO 2 (2?4?6?8?10?12mg /L)with various contact time (5?10?30?60?90min).After disinfection,the concentration of residual ClO 2 and the contents of microorganism in waste water samples were determined.Re sults After30-min disinfection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water sample originally containing1.52?10 2 /L E.coli showed a bactericidal rate of99.99%and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at2.5mg /L.After10-min disin-fection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water samples originally containing1.12?10 10 /L Salmonella showed a bactericidal rate of100%and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at2mg /L.After5-min disinfection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water samples o-riginally containing M.tu berculosis at concentration of++++showed a negative result and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at3.5mg/L.Conclusion After the primary treatment,ClO 2 disinfection with contact time of30minutes and a residual concentration of ClO 2 at2.5mg /L could ensure the germicidal effect for E.coli,Salmonella and M.tu berculosis in waste water of hospital qualified.

Objective To investigate the relationship between inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)mRNA expression of pancreatic tissues and intestinal permeability,and the effect of salviae miltiorrhizae on the change in gut permeability in rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods All rats were randomly divided into three groups:Sham operation(group C,n=15),SAP group(group SAP,n=15),and salviae miltiorrhizae therapeutic group(group T,n=15).At 24h After operation,the iNOSmRNA expressions of pancreas were determined by in situ hybridization(ISH),and blood amylase(AMY),nitric oxide(NO) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were examined.The histopathologic changes of pancreas and ileum were observed.Intestinal permeability was measured by means of albumin clearance(AC)of 125I-labeled rat serum albumin.Results The iNOSmRNA expressions of pancreas in group SAP were markedly increased in comparison with group T(P