Objective To observe toxic effect of deoxynivalenol(DON)on articular cartilage and synovium of New Zealand rabbits's knee ioints.Methods Fifteen male rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups:control, high-dosage,and low-dosage group.In high-dosage and low-dosage group,saline solution of DON was injected with a dose of 0.10 and 0.05 ms/kg every 48 h into ear vein of rabbits.Specimen of articular cartilage and synovium were through pathologY methods,and IL-1β,TNF-α,NO levels were assayed in joint liquid,after 20 days. Results Morphological changes were observed, such as synovium inflammative infiltration, chondrocytes deformation and necrosis under light microscope.The levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and NO had statistical significance in comDarison between 3 grouPs(F=19.396,18.195,22.136,P＜0.05).The levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and NO were significantly higher(all P＜0.05),high-dosage[(0.451±0.091),(0.575±0.122)μg/L;(70.27±11.53)μmol/L] and low-dosage group[(0.295±0.107),(0.387±0.131)μg/L;(45.32±12.24)μmol/L]compared with control ((0.1 13±0.049),(0.138±0.087)μg/L;(23.56±9.35)μmoL/L],and high-dosage compared with low-dosage group Conclusions DON results in articular and synovial impairment,which has the symptom similar to osteoarthritis. DON probably causes osteoarthritis.

A total of 160 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into microalbuminuria(42 cases)and normoalbuminuria(118 cases)groups.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of microalbuminuria was independently associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)and intima-media thickness(both P

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Sipunculus nudus polysaccharide. Methods:The water content, igni-tion residues and heavy metals in Sipunculus nudus polysaccharide were determined. Authrone-sulfuric acid colorimetry was used to de-termine the polysaccharide content. Results: The water content in the polysaccharide should not exceed 5. 0%, ignition residues should not exceed 1. 0%, and the content of heavy metals should not exceed 20 ppm. The polysaccharide content should exceed 80%( glucose) . Conclusion:The method is accurate and simple, and can be effectively used in the quality control of polysaccharide in Sipunculus nudus Linnaeu.

Objective:To prepare old tea buccal tablets using wet granulation method and optimize the preparation technology. Methods:The amount of each adjuvant was studied by single factor experiments, and the formula of the buccal tablets was optimized by the orthogonal experiments using taste and disintegration time as indices. Results:The optimal formula was composed of old tea ex-tract 30 g,mannitol 60g,PEG6000 20 g,aspartame 10 g,citric acid 10 g and menthol crystal 1 g. All the tested indices including ap-pearance, hardness and disintegration time met the requirements described in Chinese pharmacopeia. Conclusion: The preparation technology is reasonable and feasible for the industrial production.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder Dislocation ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThis study was to explore the cytotoxic effect and the related injury mechanism of deoxynivalenol (DON) on articular chondrocytes in human embryo.

METHODSArticular cartilage cells were isolated from knees of human embryo and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium. The cells of the 4th generation were divided into five groups and incubated with varying concentrations of DON as the followings: control group and group with DON of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1.0 µg/ml. The effects of DON were observed 72 hours after incubation. Cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry (FCM) with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining; MMP-13 and PGE2 were detected by ELISA kits; NO was measured by Griess assay with spectrophotometer. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and collagen II in cells were detected by FCM. The expression levels of iNOS, mRNA and collagen II mRNA were measured with RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe rates of cell apoptosis in DON groups were 6.78% - 19.05%, which were significantly higher than that in control (1.20%, F = 174.761, P < 0.05). The levels of NO in DON groups were 20.8 - 40.7 µmol/L, which were significantly higher than that in control (10.2 µmol/L, F = 91.966, P < 0.05). The levels of MMP-13 in DON groups were 0.25 - 0.56 µmol/L, which were significantly higher than that in control (0 µmol/L, F = 78.420, P < 0.05). The levels of PGE2 in DON groups were 3.2-20.6 µmol/L, which were significantly higher than that in control (11.6 µmol/L, F = 276.453, P < 0.05). The proportions of cells with positive iNOS in DON groups were 14.8% - 56.8% which were significantly higher than that in controls (7.1%, F = 214.614, P < 0.05). The proportions of cells with positive collagen II in groups with DON of 0.4 µg/ml and 1.0 µg/ml were 56.7% and 52.7%, which were significantly lower than that in control (62.2%, F = 5.134, P < 0.05). The relative absorbance values of iNOS mRNA in DON groups were 1.07 - 1.33, which were significantly higher than that in control (0.62, F = 8.358, P < 0.05). The levels of collagen II mRNA in groups with DON of 0.4 µg/ml and 1.0 µg/ml were 0.83 and 0.82, which were significantly lower than that in control (1.14, F = 7.887, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDON could promote anabolism of NO in articular cartilage cells by which up-regulated the expression of PGE2 and MMP-13, which both promoted resolution of articular cartilage matrix such as collagen II. DON induced apoptosis in articular cartilage cells.

Cartilage, Articular ; cytology ; embryology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Dinoprostone ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Trichothecenes ; toxicity

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention measures on improving hand hygiene (HH)compliance of health care workers(HCWs)in intensive care units (ICUs)by multicenter study.Methods A total of 47 hospitals in 12 provinces and cities were enrolled in the study,from October 2013 to September 2014, HH compliance among HCWs in ICUs was investigated according to World Health Organization HH investigation method,HH compliance rates before and after intervention were compared.Results HH compliance rate of HCWs in ICUs increased from 73.70%(11 155/15 135)before intervention to 78.70%(18 206/23 132)after intervention (χ2 =128.16,P <0.01);except northeast region ,HH compliance of HCWs in the other provinces increased signif-icantly after intervention(all P <0.05);among all departments,HH compliance of HCWs in general ICUs,respira-tory ICUs,emergency ICUs,and surgical ICUs increased significantly(all P <0.05);HH compliance of HCWs of all kinds of occupations increased significantly(all P <0.05);HH compliance rates before touching a patient,before clean/aseptic procedure,after touching a patient,and after touching patient surroundings increased significantly after intervention(all P <0.01 ).Conclusion Comprehensive interventions are helpful for improving HH compliance of HCWs in ICUs. Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention measures on improving hand hygiene (HH)compliance of health care workers(HCWs)in intensive care units (ICUs)by multicenter study.Methods A total of 47 hospitals in 12 provinces and cities were enrolled in the study,from October 2013 to September 2014, HH compliance among HCWs in ICUs was investigated according to World Health Organization HH investigation method,HH compliance rates before and after intervention were compared.Results HH compliance rate of HCWs in ICUs increased from 73.70%(11 155/15 135)before intervention to 78.70%(18 206/23 132)after intervention (χ2 =128.16,P <0.01);except northeast region ,HH compliance of HCWs in the other provinces increased signif-icantly after intervention(all P <0.05);among all departments,HH compliance of HCWs in general ICUs,respira-tory ICUs,emergency ICUs,and surgical ICUs increased significantly(all P <0.05);HH compliance of HCWs of all kinds of occupations increased significantly(all P <0.05);HH compliance rates before touching a patient,before clean/aseptic procedure,after touching a patient,and after touching patient surroundings increased significantly after intervention(all P <0.01 ).Conclusion Comprehensive interventions are helpful for improving HH compliance of HCWs in ICUs.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanisms of lute-olin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (LGU) against focalcerebral ischemic injury. METHODS The focal cerebral ischemic injury model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group(MCAO),LGU group(0.24,0.72 and 2.16 mg·kg-1)and positive control group(Edaravone at 5 mg·kg-1).LGU was injected intravenously 30 min after MCAO.Neurological severity score,infarct volume and brain water content were detected 24 h after MCAO and the levels of Na+-K+ATPase,Ca2+ATPase,TNF-α and IL-1β were detected to explore the possible mechanisms.For the therapeutic time window test,LGU(0.72 mg·kg-1)was injected intrave-nously 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h respectively after MCAO. To evaluate motion behavior, LGU were injected intravenously 30 min after MCAO and once per day during detection period. The changes of motor coordination were detected by rotating rod method and grip strength analysis, and the changes of gaits were detected using DigiGait Imaging System. RESULTS LGU improved the neurological severity score, infarct volume ratio and brain water content. The therapeutic time window of LGU for cerebral infarction and brain edema was at least 6 h and for neurological dysfunction was 12 h.LGU also prolonged the latency on rotarod, increased the forelimb tension and improved 8 gait parameters, including stance duration,stride length,stance width,paw area,paw area variability,gait symmetry,ataxia coefficient and tau propulsion.Furthermore,LGU increased Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase levels in the cortex and hippocampus in the ischemic side,reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum. CONCLUSION LGU has a significant neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemic injury via improving energy metabolism and reducing inflammation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucuronide (LGU) on oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes injury. METH-ODS The protective effect of LGU on OGD-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes death were investigated by MTT assay. The microfilament change of H9C2 cardiomyocytes was detected by phalloidin staining and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate was also detected by LDH kit. In order to explore the possible mechanisms of LGU, ATP content, intracellular Ca2+fluorescent intensity and concentra-tion, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by ATP kit,CLSM(Fluo-3/AM probe),Ca2+kit,CLSM(JC-1 probe)and western blotting meth-od, respectively. RESULTS The inhibition of H9C2 cardiomyocyte survival rate inducedby OGD was improvedby pretreated with LGU in a concentrationdependent manner. The microfilaments injury as well as the increase of LDH leakage rate were also improvedby pretreated with LGU.The ATP content was significantly decreased,intracellular Ca2+fluorescent intensity and concentration were significantly increased and the MMP was significantly decreased 4 hafter OGD. LGU significantly reversed the de-crease of intracellular ATP content,the increase of Ca2+fluorescent intensity and concentration and the decrease of MMP.The release of cytochrome C,the expressionsof caspase-9 and caspase-3 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes were increased 16 h after OGD.LGUsignificantly inhibited the changes of these apop-tosis-related proteins. CONCLUSION LGU has a significant protective effect against OGD-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes injury through inhibiting calcium overload,increasing ATP content,improving mi-tochondrial function and inhibiting apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) on nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs).

METHODSMPMs were incubated in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with AOPP-modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) prepared by exposure of BSA to hypoclorous acid or pre-treated with AOPP-BSA and subsequent stimulation with LPS. NO production in the supernatants of the culture media was determined spectrophotometrically using Griess method. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay.

RESULTSBSA induced significant NO production in MPMs. AOPP modification of BSA significantly inhibited NO production, and AOPP-BSA exhibited time- and dose-dependent inhibition of NO production induced by LPS in MPMs incubated together with LPS or pre-treated before LPS stimulation.

CONCLUSIONAOPP-BSA is capable of inhibiting inducible NO production in MPMs.

Animals ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; chemistry ; Lipopolysaccharides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Time Factors